COPS5 Conferred the Platinum Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Development of platinum resistance is one of the major causes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment failure. COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (COPS5) was found to take part in the progression of EOC in our previous study. Herein, we aim to uncover the potential utility of COPS5 in EOC chemoresistance. COPS5 levels were analyzed to define clinic pathologic correlates using a matched tissue microarray and online datasets. The effect of COPS5 inhibition by the lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA on cell viability, proliferation and migration was accessed in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that COPS5 was upregulated in patients after platinum resistance. Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that COPS5 overexpression was correlated with shorter PFS and OS. COPS5 downregulation inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and reduced the sensitivity of EOC to platinum. Overall, our data indicated that COPS5 inhibition might represent a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming platinum resistance in patients with EOC.     

Expression Analysis of Platinum Sensitive and Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patient Samples Reveals New Candidates for Targeted Therapies

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancies. Identification of new biomarkers is highly needed due to its late diagnosis and high recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms of therapy resistance and potential biomarkers by analyzing mRNA and protein expression from samples derived from patients with platinum-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer (total cohort n?=?53). The data revealed new candidates for targeted therapies, such as GREB1 and ROR2. We showed that the development of platinum resistance correlated with upregulation of ROR2, whereas GREB1 was downregulated. Moreover, we demonstrated that high levels of ROR2 in platinum-resistant samples were associated with upregulation of Wnt5a, STAT3 and NF-kB levels, suggesting that a crosstalk between the non-canonical Wnt5a-ROR2 and STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathways. Upregulation of ROR2, Wnt5a, STAT3 and NF-kB was further detected in a platinum-resistant cell-line model. The results of the present study provided insight into molecular mechanisms associated with platinum resistance that could be further investigated to improve treatment strategies in this clinically challenging gynecological cancer.     

Effect of Ovarian Cancer Ascites on Cell Migration and Gene Expression in an Epithelial Ovarian Cancer In Vitro Model

A third of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) present ascites. The cellular fraction of ascites often consists of EOC cells, lymphocytes, and mesothelial cells, whereas the acellular fraction contains cytokines and angiogenic factors. Clinically, the presence of ascites correlates with intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal tumor spread. We have used OV-90, a tumorigenic EOC cell line derived from the malignant ascites of a chemonaive ovarian cancer patient, as a model to assess the effect of ascites on migration potential using an in vitro wound-healing assay. A recent report of an invasion assay described the effect of ascites on the invasion potential of the OV-90 cell line. Ascites sampled from 31 ovarian cancer patients were tested and compared with either 5% fetal bovine serum or no serum for their nonstimulatory or stimulatory effect on the migration potential of the OV-90 cell line. A supervised analysis of data generated by the Affymetrix HG-U133A GeneChip identified differentially expressed genes from OV-90 cells exposed to ascites that had either a nonstimulatory or a stimulatory effect on migration. Ten genes (IRS2, CTSD, NRAS, MLXIP, HMGCR, LAMP1, ETS2, NID1, SMARCD1, and CD44) were upregulated in OV-90 cells exposed to ascites, allowing a nonstimulatory effect on cell migration. These findings were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the gene expression of IRS2 and MLXIP each correlated with prognosis when their expression was assessed in an independent set of primary cultures established from ovarian ascites. This study revealed novel candidates that may play a role in ovarian cancer cell migration.     

miRNA表达谱与上皮性卵巢癌

Micro RNA(miRNA)是近年来研究发现的一种高度保守,长度大约19-25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,起着调控基因表达的作用。目前认为miRNA能调控细胞周期、凋亡、分化、发育和新陈代谢等,参与肿瘤的发生与发展,因此异常表达的miRNAs表达谱有可能成为一种全新的肿瘤分子标记物。相关研究表明,miRNA能够以一种被保护的状态存在于血清及血浆中,因此miRNA表达谱的发现具有易检测性、重现性以及非侵袭性。研究显示血清及血浆中miRNA表达谱可作为上皮性卵巢癌生物信号分子,在上皮性卵巢癌早期诊断、预后判断和化疗药物应用等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文将对miRNA表达谱与上皮性卵巢癌的关系进行一个简单总结。     

二次肿瘤细胞减灭术在铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌中的作用

目的:探讨二次肿瘤细胞减灭术对铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌治疗的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院于2002年1月至2012年12月收治的115例铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌患者的临床及随访资料。结果:在115例铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌中,66例接受了二次肿瘤细胞减灭术(手术组),术后辅以铂类为基础的化疗。49例患者只接受了以铂类为基础的化疗(对照组)。两组患者肿瘤病理分型无统计学差异(P=0.485)。与对照组相比,手术组FIGO分期IV期患者的比例少(15.2%VS 34.7%,P=0.014),低分化患者的比例少(71.2%VS 91.8%,P=0.024),多发复发病灶患者的比例少(28.3%VS 49.0%,P=0.027)。平均随访30.2个月(6-48个月),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,手术组与对照组患者的中位生存期分别为35.0个月和27.0个月,差异有统计学差异(Log rank 7.9,P=0.005)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,校正了年龄、肿瘤病理类型、病理分级及FIGO分期后,不同治疗方案是复发上皮性卵巢癌患者远期生存率的独立影响因素。结论:二次肿瘤细胞减灭术可以改善铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌患者的临床预后。     

大肠癌转移相关基因表达调控的生物信息学分析

大肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,在中国呈逐年上升的趋势。对大肠癌发生发展转移的研究能够指导临床治疗,对研发新药也有着重要意义。本文通过对表达谱数据进行分析,通过表达谱差异数据进行功能富集,研究了大肠癌转移前的早期原发肿瘤的转录调控特点以及远隔器官转移后的大肠癌的转录调控特点,筛选出了部分能够受到多重调控并在转移后肿瘤组织中高表达的关键基因,通过对这些基因相互作用关系研究,构建出转移后关键基因相互作用调控网络,为大肠癌的治疗提供更多潜在靶点。     

RhoA在上皮性卵巢癌细胞中的表达与侵袭性的相关性

培养上皮性卵巢癌细胞H08910PM、H08910及正常卵巢上皮细胞HOSEA 3种细胞.对3种细胞分别采用免疫细胞化学法检测RhoA的表达、Transwell小室体外侵袭试验测定体外侵袭能力、与人脐静脉内皮细胞HUVEC建立细胞共培养系统测定血管形成能力.结果表明,RhoA在H08910PM细胞中表达最强,在H08910中次之,在HOSEA中最弱;3种细胞的侵袭能力以H08910PM最强,H08910较弱,HOSEA无侵袭能力;H08910PM的血管形成能力最强,H08910其次,HOSEA无血管形成能力(P<0.01).Pearson相关分析结果显示,RhoA表达水平分别与细胞侵袭能力及血管形成能力呈正相关(P<0.05).RhoA在上皮性卵巢癌细胞中表达水平越高,细胞体外侵袭及血管形成能力随之更强.RhoA可能作为重要因子参与上皮性卵巢癌的侵袭转移过程.     

Statin Therapy Is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Non-Serous-Papillary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Aim

To determine whether statin use is associated with improved epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) survival.

Methods

This is a single-institution retrospective cohort review of patients treated for OvCa between 1992 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I–IV OvCa. The primary exposures analyzed were hyperlipidemia and statin use. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Results

442 patients met inclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into three groups: patients with hyperlipidemia who used statins (n = 68), patients with hyperlipidemia who did not use statins (n = 28), and patients without hyperlipidemia (n = 346). OvCa outcomes were evaluated. When we analyzed the entire cohort, we found no significant differences in PFS or DSS among the groups. The median PFS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 21.7, 13.6, and 14.7 months, respectively (p = 0.69). Median DSS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 44.2, 75.7, and 41.5 months, respectively (p = 0.43). These findings did not change after controlling for confounders. However, a secondary analysis revealed that, among patients with non-serous-papillary subtypes of OvCa, statin use was associated with a decrease in hazards of both disease recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.02) and disease-specific death (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.04). To augment the findings in the retrospective cohort, the histology-specific effects of statins were also evaluated in vitro using proliferation assays. Here, statin treatment of cell lines resulted in a variable level of cytotoxicity.

Conclusion

Statin use among patients with non-serous-papillary OvCa was associated with improvement in both PFS and DSS.     

Nanog 基因在卵巢癌和卵巢肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨胚胎干细胞关键因子Nanog基因mRNA及其蛋白在卵巢癌和卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义。方法:选取10例正常卵巢上皮组织、10例卵巢良性肿瘤及60例卵巢癌组织,采用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学PV-6000两步法检测Nanog mRNA和蛋白表达水平;采用无血清悬浮培养法从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中分离培养肿瘤干细胞,流式细胞术鉴定肿瘤干细胞CD117表达,采用RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞及肿瘤干细胞中NanogmRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果:Nanog mRNA在卵巢癌组织中的表达水平均高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤组织(P<0.05);Nanog mRNA在不同分化程度及临床分期的卵巢癌组织中表达水平不同,低分化组高于高分化组(P<0.05);III-IV期高于I-II期(P<0.05);免疫组化结果同RT-PCR。从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中成功分离出肿瘤干细胞,SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞和肿瘤干细胞Nanog mRNA相对含量分别为0.6044±0.0368,0.8736±0.0537,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种细胞Nanog蛋白相对含量分别为0.6364±0.0169 1.2788±0.0314,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Nanog基因在卵巢癌组织和SKOV-3细胞系中均高表达,其在组织中的表达强度与临床分期及病理分级关系密切,且在肿瘤干细胞中表达高于一般卵巢癌细胞,其与卵巢癌的发生发展关系密切,可能是卵巢癌干细胞的表面标志物,有望成为新的标志物。     

Nucleostemin基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤的表达及与病理分型的关系

目的：研究核干细胞因子Nucleostemin（NS）基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达,探讨其与肿瘤病理分型的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR及Western blot检测36例卵巢癌组织手术标本,32例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤组织手术标本,12例正常卵巢组织标本中Nu-cleostemin基因及相应蛋白的表达,采用分组对照的方法对比3组样本中NS基因及蛋白的表达情况,并进行相对定量研究。采用统计学方法检测NS基因的表达是否与临床病理分级及血清CA125存在关联。结果：①卵巢癌组织中NS的阳性表达率显著高于良性肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织;②卵巢癌组织中,淋巴结转移组NS的表达水平高于未转移组;③临床分期Ⅲ期组的表达水平高于ⅠB期组;④中、低分化组的表达水平高于高分化组。结论：卵巢癌组织中存在NS基因的高表达,其表达量与组织类型无关,而与临床TNM分期及组织分级正相关。     

青枯菌诱导的花生基因表达谱SSH分析

以抗青枯病花生种质‘J4’和‘中花6号’、感青枯病花生品种‘中花12号’为材料,用强产青枯菌毒菌株(Ralstonia solanacearum)对其根系分别接种,采用抑制差减杂交(SSH)技术检测花生根系应答侵染的基因表达谱变化,并对文库中差异基因进行Real-time PCR分析。结果表明:经菌液PCR检测对挑选出的1 036阳性克隆片段进行测序及片段整合分析,获得162条花生基因,有功能注释的基因58条,其中44条基因参与了细胞结构(6%)、信号转导(12%)、抗病防御(5%)、转录调控(12%)等生理过程。用Real-time PCR技术对7个基因在‘中花6号’和‘中花12号’中的表达模式分析结果表明,6个基因在青枯菌侵染早期在抗病材料‘中花6号’中呈上调表达,可能与青枯病抗性直接相关。     

Deregulation of Microcephalin and ASPM Expression Are Correlated with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression

Mutations in the MCPH1 (Microcephalin) and ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) genes cause primary microcephaly. Both are centrosomal associated proteins involved in mitosis. Microcephalin plays an important role in DNA damage response and ASPM is required for correct division of proliferative neuro-epithelial cells of the developing brain. Reduced MCPH1 mRNA expression and ASPM mRNA over-expression have been implicated in the development of human carcinomas. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is characterised by highly aneuploid tumours. Previously we have reported low Microcephalin and high ASPM protein levels and associations with clinico-pathological parameters in malignant cells from ascitic fluids. To confirm these previous findings on a larger scale Microcephalin and ASPM expression levels and localisations were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in two cohorts; a training set of 25 samples and a validation set of 322 EOC tissue samples. Results were correlated to the associated histopathological data. In normal ovarian tissues the Microcephalin nuclear staining pattern was consistently strong. In the cancer tissues, we identified low nuclear Microcephalin expression in high grade and advanced stage tumours (p<0.0001 and p = 0.0438 respectively). ASPM had moderate to high nuclear and low to moderate cytoplasmic expression in normal tissue. Cytoplasmic ASPM expression decreased with tumour grade and stage in the serous subtype of EOC (p = 0.023 and p = 0.011 respectively). Cytoplasmic ASPM increased with tumour stage in the endometrioid subtype (p = 0.023). Increasing tumour invasiveness (T3) and lymph node involvement (N1) also correlated with a decrease in cytoplasmic ASPM in EOC (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04 respectively). We have validated previous findings of deregulated expression of Microcephalin and ASPM in EOC by confirming associations for low nuclear Microcephalin levels and high cytoplasmic ASPM levels in a larger scale tumour tissue study. Microcephalin and ASPM may prove useful biomarkers in EOC.     

Twist1调控FoxM1 在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达

目的:探讨Twist1调控转录因子Fox M1在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测Fox M1、Twist1在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达情况,斯皮尔曼秩相关分析其在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达相关性;双荧光素酶报告系统检测Twist1对Fox M1的调控作用;Real-time quantitative RT-PCR和蛋白免疫印迹技术验证Twist1对Fox M1的调控作用。结果:Twist1、Fox M1在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率分别是71.4%(40/56)、78.6%(44/56),明显高于正常卵巢组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且其在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达显著相关(r=0.896,P<0.01);Twist1可以结合并激活Fox M1启动子(P<0.05);上调Twist1表达可以激活Fox M1在卵巢癌细胞中的表达(P<0.05),而干扰Twist1后可以下调Fox M1的表达(P<0.05)。结论:Twist1参与调控增殖相关转录因子Fox M1在卵巢癌中的表达,可能是一个潜在的治疗靶点。     

趋化因子受体CCR3在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨趋化因子受体CCR3在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达情况,以及其与卵巢癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:收集上皮性卵巢癌组织、良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织以及正常卵巢组织标本各30例,采用多聚腺苷酸加尾实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应[poly(A)-RT-qPCR]检测其CCR3的表达,并分析上皮性卵巢癌组织中CCR3的表达与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:上皮性卵巢癌组织中CCR3的表达显著高于良性卵巢肿瘤组和正常卵巢组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且上皮性卵巢癌组织中CCR3的表达与患者的分期、组织分级及淋巴结转移均显著相关(P0.05)。结论:CCR3在上皮性卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,且在上皮性卵巢癌的发生和发展过程中均起着十分重要的作用。