与结瘤基因nodF的启动子相互重叠的启动子起始一个RNA分子的转录(英文)

在根瘤菌中 ,结瘤基因的表达受到转录水平上复杂的调控。通过体外转录、引物延伸等一系列实验在豌豆根瘤菌中发现一个与结瘤基因nodF的启动子相互重叠 ,但转录方向相反的启动子 ,该启动子特异起始一个新的RNA分子———px2 的转录。Northern印迹确定 px2 的长度为 0 .72kb ,并且证明 px2 的转录是依赖于根瘤菌的与E .coliσ70 同源的sigma因子。px2的转录启始位点在体内、体外均相同 ,它坐落在结瘤基因顺式元件的“nodbox”内。进一步发现 px2 的体外转录受到一个参与结瘤基因调控的蛋白———Px的抑制。有结果显示 ,px2 影响结瘤基因的表达     

人工 microRNA 技术研究进展

RNA干扰（RNAi）是由双链RNA触发的在mRNA水平进行的特异靶序列的基因沉默现象,广泛存在于动物、植物和病毒中,主要包括小干扰RNA（siRNA）及微小RNA（miRNA）两种作用途径。人工miRNA（amiRNA）是将天然miRNA的成熟序列替换成人工设计的靶向其他感兴趣基因的反义序列,通过天然miRNA的生成和作用途径达到RNAi的效果,具有干扰效果明显、作用迅速、毒性低等优点,拥有广阔的应用前景。我们对基于amiRNA的基因沉默技术进行了较为系统的介绍和总结,梳理了该技术的优缺点和适用范围,并展望了其进一步发展的方向和应用前景。     

Optimized microRNA purification from TRIzol-treated plasma

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent new and potentially informative diagnostic targets for disease detection and prognosis. However, little work exists documenting the effect of TRIzol, a common viral inactivation and nucleic acid extraction reagent, on miRNA purification. Here, we developed an optimized protocol for miRNA extraction from plasma samples by evaluating five different RNA extraction kits, TRIzol phase separation, purification additives, and initial plasma sample volume. This method was then used for downstream profiling of plasma miRNAs found in archived samples from one nonhuman primate (NHP) experimentally challenged with Ebola virus by the aerosol route.

Results

Comparison of real-time RT-PCR results for spiked-in and endogenous miRNA sequences determined extraction efficiencies from five different RNA purification kits. These experiments showed that 50 μL plasma processed using the QIAGEN miRNeasy Mini Kit with 5 μg of glycogen as a co-precipitant yielded the highest recovery of endogenous miRNAs. Using this optimized protocol, miRNAs from archived plasma samples of one rhesus macaque challenged with aerosolized Ebola virus was profiled using a targeted real-time PCR array. A total of 519 of the 752 unique miRNAs assayed were present in the plasma samples at day 0 and day 7 (time of death) post-exposure. Statistical analyses revealed 25 sequences significantly up- or down-regulated between day 0 and day 7 post infection, validating the utility of the extraction method for plasma miRNA profiling.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the knowledgebase of circulating miRNA extraction methods and expands on the potential applications of cell-free miRNA profiling for diagnostics and pathogenesis studies. Specifically, we optimized an extraction protocol for miRNAs from TRIzol-inactivated plasma samples that can be used for highly pathogenic viruses.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1299-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Identification of Three Sequence Motifs in the Transcription Termination Factor Sen1 that Mediate Direct Interactions with Nrd1

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Pre-termination Transcription Complex: Structure and Function

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Non-coding RNA Transcription in Tetrahymena Meiotic Nuclei Requires Dedicated Mediator Complex-Associated Proteins

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miRNA的生物形成及调控基因表达机制

微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)通过调节靶基因的表达水平影响细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等特性,在生物的生长发育和疾病发生发展中发挥重要的作用。将miRNA用于基因功能研究,药物靶点验证,基因治疗等领域有非常好的前景。揭示miRNA的生成和加工过程以及miRNA调节靶基因基因表达水平的作用机制对于阐述miRNA在生理病理过程中的作用有重要意义。因此,本文对miRNA的发生,成熟以及作用机制的研究进展作综述。     

微核糖核酸在相关疾病发生发展中的调节作用

微核糖核酸（miRNA）是一类长度为18～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小RNA,在转录后基因调控中发挥功能。miRNA通过降解mRNA或抑制蛋白翻译的方式调节特异基因表达。miRNA在多种生物进程包括发育、代谢、增殖、分化和凋亡中起到关键作用。miRNA的表达变化与相应的多种人类疾病及其发生发展密切相关。阐明miRNA对疾病基因的调节作用及其分子机制,将为人类某些疾病的基因治疗提供新的思路。     

Sorting of Drosophila small silencing RNAs partitions microRNA* strands into the RNA interference pathway

In flies, small silencing RNAs are sorted between Argonaute1 (Ago1), the central protein component of the microRNA (miRNA) pathway, and Argonaute2 (Ago2), which mediates RNA interference. Extensive double-stranded character—as is found in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)—directs duplexes into Ago2, whereas central mismatches, like those found in miRNA/miRNA* duplexes, direct duplexes into Ago1. Central to this sorting decision is the affinity of the small RNA duplex for the Dcr-2/R2D2 heterodimer, which loads small RNAs into Ago2. Here, we show that while most Drosophila miRNAs are bound to Ago1, miRNA* strands accumulate bound to Ago2. Like siRNA loading, efficient loading of miRNA* strands in Ago2 favors duplexes with a paired central region and requires both Dcr-2 and R2D2. Those miRNA and miRNA* sequences bound to Ago2, like siRNAs diced in vivo from long double-stranded RNA, typically begin with cytidine, whereas Ago1-bound miRNA and miRNA* disproportionately begin with uridine. Consequently, some pre-miRNA generate two or more isoforms from the same side of the stem that differentially partition between Ago1 and Ago2. Our findings provide the first genome-wide test for the idea that Drosophila small RNAs are sorted between Ago1 and Ago2 according to their duplex structure and the identity of their first nucleotide.