旋扭山绿豆根瘤菌CB627结瘤因子的测定(简报)

Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ、Ｂｒａｄｙｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ和Ａｚｏｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ能侵染豆科植物并形成根瘤。在根瘤形成过程中,共生伙伴之间首先进行信号物质交换,植物分泌类黄酮（ｆｌａｖｏｎｏｉｄｓ）到根际,类黄酮与ＮｏｄＤ蛋白结合,进而在转录水平调节其它ｎｏｄ基因的表达,这些ｎｏｄ基因的产物（Ｎｏｄ蛋白）控制根瘤菌产生胞外信号物质（ｌｉｐｏｃｈｉｔｉｎｏｌｉｇｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,简称ＬＣＯ）［１］。ＬＣＯ能引起宿主植物根毛变形、皮层细胞分裂、根瘤原基及根瘤的形成,因此ＬＣＯ定名为结瘤因子（ｎｏｄｆａ…     

一株分离自裸子植物罗汉松根瘤的根瘤菌

根瘤菌与豆科植物共生结瘤固氮被认为是地球上最重要的生物固氮体系. 裸子植物罗汉松与根瘤菌共生结瘤至今未见报道. 采用常规根瘤菌分离技术从罗汉松及其变种小叶罗汉松根瘤中分离获得11株内生细菌, 将它们回接宿主可导致结瘤, 乙炔还原法测出微弱的固氮酶活性. 传统的生理生化鉴定方法和16S rDNA全序列分析证明该内生细菌代表菌株GXLO 02隶属于根瘤菌.     

根瘤菌胞外多糖的结构与信号功能

共生固氮菌如根瘤菌属(Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ)、中华根瘤菌属(Ｓｉｎｏｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ)等,能在豆科作物的根部形成独特的根瘤结构,并在根瘤内将氮气固定为氨供宿主利用。根瘤菌与宿主植物的共生体系的形成是有种属特异性的,也就是说一种根瘤菌只能侵染为数不多的几种植物。根瘤形成因子(ｎｏｄｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＮＦ)对这种特异性起了重要的决定作用。ＮＦ是在植物类黄酮的诱导下由根瘤菌合成的一种脂酰基甲壳寡糖,不同根瘤菌的ＮＦ在结构上是不同的。除ＮＦ之外,根瘤菌胞外多糖(ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｓ,ＥＰＳ)是对宿主植物特…     

猪流行性腹泻病毒分子生物学特征

猪流行性腹泻 (ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｄｉａｒｒｈｅａ ,ＰＥＤ)是以水泻、呕吐和脱水为特征的一种急性病毒性腹泻。猪流行性腹泻现已成为世界范围内的猪病之一。猪流行性腹泻病毒 (Ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｄｉａｒｒｈｅａｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＰＥＤＶ)是ＰＥＤ的致病因子 ,是导致类似猪传染性胃肠炎 (ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｂｌｅｇａｓｔｒｏｅｎｔｅｒｉｔｉｓ ,ＴＧＥ)临床症状的真正病原。迄今为止已发现ＰＥＤＶ与ＴＧＥＶ[1] 、ＰＥＤＶ与ＰＣＶ混合感染猪[2 ] 。已有用蛋黄ＩｇＹ预防ＰＥＤ效果的报道[3] …     

豆科植物根瘤内生细菌的发现及其研究进展

近年来研究报道显示,某些豆科植物与根瘤菌在形成固氮共生体的同时,其根瘤内还存在多种其他类群的内生细菌,该现象在根瘤菌研究领域越来越引起关注和重视。本文综述了根瘤内生土壤杆菌、非共生根瘤菌、其它细菌的发现、种类及其对共生关系和植物生长的影响等研究进展,同时对该研究方向提出一些初步观点和认识,旨在增加人们对根瘤微生态的了解,拓展根瘤菌研究与应用的视野。     

几种罗汉松属植物根瘤的形态与结构

对分布在广西的几种罗汉松属植物自然结瘤的根瘤形态和显微结构进行了观察。结果表明:几种罗汉松属植物所结的根瘤形态是一致的,均为球形或近球形,直径约1.0～1.5mm。根瘤的组织结构从内向外包括:维管组织、薄壁细胞、侵染细胞和表皮(周皮);侵染细胞与薄壁细胞呈不均匀的相间分布。侵染细胞中所含菌体为细菌。此外还发现细叶罗汉松根瘤的侵染细胞中有变形膨大的细胞核。总体上看,罗汉松属植物根瘤在形态与结构上与豆科植物的根瘤有许多相似之处。     

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌致病机理的研究进展

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌是寄生于昆虫病原线虫肠道内的一种细菌,革兰氏染色呈阴性,属肠杆菌科(Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｃｅａｅ)细菌[1]。它包含两个属———嗜线虫致病杆菌属(Ｘｅｎｏｒｈａｂｄｕｓ)和发光杆菌属(Ｐｈｏｔｏｒｈａｂｄｕｓ),它们分别与斯氏线虫(Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ)和异小杆线虫(Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｒｈａｂｄｉｔｉｓ)共生。这两种线虫由于杀虫能力强,是最有应用潜力的昆虫病原线虫。它们之间的共生关系可以概括为:共生菌存在于线虫的肠道内,线虫携带共生菌进入寄主昆虫体内,并将共生菌释放到昆虫的血腔中;共生菌在昆…     

根瘤内生细菌

在研究根瘤菌与豆科植物共生关系的过程中,人们发现根瘤中同时定居着许多与根瘤菌不同的内生菌,这些非共生细菌生活在根瘤中,但不引起植物产生明显的病害,为根瘤内生细菌.根瘤内生细菌不仅将植物作为其栖息场所,而且对宿主植物有促生、防病、内生联合固氮等广泛的生物学作用.     

根瘤菌转录因子RluD基因突变抑制大豆共生结瘤

[目的]研究根瘤菌自身转录因子RluD在大豆共生结瘤中的作用,[方法]利用三亲杂交对根瘤菌RluD突变体进行构建,并利用PCR和qRT-PCR对突变体进行验证。利用大豆结瘤实验,测定RluD突变对根瘤菌结瘤能力的影响。最后,利用转录组对RluD突变所影响的信号通路进行了研究。[结果]根瘤菌转录因子RluD突变能够抑制根瘤的产生,显著降低大豆植株根瘤数和根瘤干重,根瘤数由每株17.0下降到12.0,根瘤干重由每株24.0 mg下降到18.0 mg。表达量分析表明,在大豆共生结瘤过程中RluD所调控的基因能够参与到大豆的免疫信号途径。转录组结果表明,转录因子RluD主要参与根瘤菌ABC转运,鞭毛组装,胞外多糖生物合成,细菌分泌系统,碳代谢等通路。[结论]根瘤菌转录因子RluD能够正调控大豆共生结瘤,其突变情况下能够降低29.4%的根瘤数和25.0%的根瘤干重。     

根瘤菌脂壳寡糖结瘤因子研究概况

共生固氮是根瘤菌与豆科植物相互作用的结果,它在农业上有重要意义。结瘤与固氮包括一系列复杂的生物学过程,它涉及微生物与植物间专一性识别、信息交换和基因协同表达等方面。近些年研究已经揭示出根瘤菌与豆科植物相互作用分子基础的基本框架。在根瘤的形成过程中,植物与根瘤菌之间首先进行信息交换,促使根瘤菌产生脂壳寡糖类物质。这类脂壳寡糖类物质能引起植物形成根瘤,因此被称为脂壳寡糖结瘤因子（Ｌｉｐｏｃｈｉｔｉｎｏｌｉｇｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｓ）或结瘤因子（ｎｏｄｆａｃｔｏｒｓ）［１］。脂壳寡糖结瘤因子的发现、结…     

A rhizobia strain isolated from root nodule of gymnosperm Podocarpus macrophyllus

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobia and leguminous plants is considered as the most important biologic nitrogen fixation system on earth. Symbiotic nodulation of gymnosperm Podocarpus macro-phyllus and rhizobia has never been reported. In this study, 11 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from root nodules of P. macrophyllus and its variation P. macrophyllus var. maki. The plant infection tests on these strains indicated that the isolated strains could be nodulated on P. macrophyllus plants, and weak nitrogenase activity of nodules was found in acetylene reduction method. According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 11 strains, GXLO 02 was selected as the representative strain. 16S rDNA full-length sequence analysis of GXLO 02 confirmed that the representative strain GXLO 02 belongs to Rhizobium sp.     

A rhizobia strain isolated from root nodule of gymnosperm Podocarpus macrophyllus

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobia and leguminous plants is considered as the most important biologic nitrogen fixation system on earth. Symbiotic nodulafion of gymnosperm Podocarpus macrophyllus and rhizobia has never been reported. In this study, 11 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from root nodules of P. macrophyllus and its variation P. macrophyllus var. maki. The plant infection tests on these strains indicated that the isolated strains could be nodulated on P. macrophyllus plants, and weak nitrogenase activity of nodules was found in acetylene reduction method. According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 11 strains, GXLO 02 was selected as the representative strain. 16S rDNA full-length sequence analysis of GXLO 02 confirmed that the representative strain GXLO 02 belongs to Rhizobium sp.     

Physiology of the Rhizobium-legume association: I—The presence of bacterial DNA within the plant root

Summary Rhizobium deoxyribonucleic acid has been detected within Vicia faba root cells by in situ hybridization and autoradiography after exposure of root apexes to Rhizobium viable cells. Reannealed regions are localized into the cortex cells; the presence of bacterial DNA is specific for the root tissue; labelled regions were not detectable within apexes exposed to non-nodulating strains or to bacteria other than Rhizobium; Rhizobium DNA was not detectable in tissues of plants other than its leguminous host. re]19750313     

Studies on the Characterization of Root Morphology of White Clover Infected by Transconjugant of Rhizobium leguminosarum

White clover plants were inoculated with transconjugant strain' 290 which was obtained from introduction of host specific nodulation genes of wild-type Rhizobium trifolii strain ANU 843 to Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 300. The characterization of root morphology of white clover induced by the transconjugant was observed and compared to the plants induced by the parent strains. White clover started tO form a typical root hair curling inoculated with transconjugant strain 290 24h after inoculation, at 48h a part of cell wall of root hair was degradated, infection thread was observed in the infected root hair cell, cortical cell divisions occurred extensively. All these characterizations were similar to that infected by strain ANU 843. Plant inoculation test indicated that no nodule was formed when inoculated by R. leguminosarum strain 300, while plants nodulated when inoculated with transconjugant strain 290 as well as R. trifolii ANU 843. This suggests that introduction of host specific nodulation genes of R. trifolii results in conferring the nodulation ability of R. leguminosarum on white clover.     

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation under stress conditions

Summary An outline is given of the possibility selecting Rhizobium strains capable of performing a relatively good symbiosis with leguminous plants, growing under stress conditions. A Rhizobium strain capable of nodulating pea plants in acid soils is described. A pea cultivar, resistant to the majority of Rhizobium strains when growing at 20°C, is found to require a short period of a higher temperature for successful nodulation. The effect of non-photosynthetic light and its possible significance under natural conditions is discussed.     

危害罗汉松的叶蝉一新种记述(半翅目,叶蝉科)(英文)

记述采自我国贵州省茂兰国家级自然保护区罗汉松上的叶蝉1新种,即罗汉长突叶蝉Amritodus podocarpus sp.nov.。模式标本保存于内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院。     

Competition between inoculum strains ofRhizobium japonicum in the process of soybean nodulation during three planting periods

Competition between inoculum strains ofRhizobium japonicum D 216 and 311 B applied to soybean seeds in mixed inocula depended, especially in the year of inoculation, directly on the ratio of the cell numbers of the two inoculum strains in mixtures. Uninoculated plants grown in original soil contaminated in August 1969 by inoculated seed and stored subsequently in original pots without watering for 8 months displayed, after the spring (May) and summer (August) sowing in 1970, a statistically significant nodulation shift in favour of the D 216 strain. The highest nodulatiou was achieved with all inoculation treatments during spring sowing in 1970.     

Cell biological changes of outer cortical root cells in early determinate nodulation.

In the symbiosis of leguminous plants and Rhizobium bacteria, nodule primordia develop in the root cortex. This can be either in the inner cortex (indeterminate-type of nodulation) or outer cortex (determinate-type of nodulation), depending upon the host plant. We studied and compared early nodulation stages in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Lotus japonicus, both known as determinate-type nodulation plants. Special attention was paid to the occurrence of cytoplasmic bridges, the influence of rhizobial Nod factors (lipochitin oligosaccharides [LCOs]) on this phenomenon, and sensitivity of the nodulation process to ethylene. Our results show that i) both plant species form initially broad, matrix-rich infection threads; ii) cytoplasmic bridges occur in L. japonicus but not in bean; iii) formation of these bridges is induced by rhizobial LCOs; iv) formation of primordia starts in L. japonicus in the middle root cortex and in bean in the outer root cortex; and v) in the presence of the ethylene-biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), nodulation of L. japonicus is stimulated when the roots are grown in the light, which is consistent with the role of cytoplasmic bridges during nodulation of L. japonicus.     

Survival and symbiotic characteristics of rhizobium in saline-alkali soils

Summary Survival, growth and symbiotic performance of rhizobia isolated from normal, saline-sodic and mildly acidic soils were studied in original and amended saline-alkali soils. Rhizobia of 4 out of 9 legumes studied for nodulation were found to be present in a highly saline-sodic soil. Majority of the strains of these bacteria did not survive in the original saline-sodic soil of pH 10.5 but as the pH was amended to lower than 10.0, all the strains survived in the soil. Virtually no differences were noticed in the survival and symbiotic characteristics of native and exotic strains ofRhizobium leguminosarum andRhizobium trifolii in the saline-sodic soil, though wide variations were observed among individual strains irrespective of their ecological origin. Rhizobia were found to possess greater tolerance for alkalinity than their host legumes. However, delayed nodulation in lentil (Lens esculenta) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) resulting in decreased yield of the plants at pH values higher than 9.0 was observed.     

Host genes inPisum sativum L. conferring resistance to EuropeanRhizobium leguminosarum strains

Summary Using primitive and wild pea plants from Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey, three host genes were detected, which confer resistance to nodulation by Rhizobium strains of cultivated peas from Europe. A dominant gene Sym 1 controls temperature-sensitive nodulation in pea cv. Iran. Another gene Sym 2 confers general resistance to a large number of European Rhizobium strains at all temperatures used. The degree of dominance of the latter gene is dependent on the Rhizobium strain used. A third gene Sym 4 is responsible for specific resistance to a single Rhizobium strain.