Studies in the taxonomy of the Polypores II

The following genera are redefined:Albatrellus S. F. Gray,Heterobasidion Bref.,Haploporus Bond. et Sing. ex Sing.,Fomitopsis P. Karst. andRigidoporus Murrill two new subgenera are described:Polyporus subgen.Dendropolyporus Pouz. (type:Polyporus umbellatus) andRigidoporus subgen.Neooxyporus Pouz. (type:Polyporus latemarginatus); the genusOxyporus (Bourd. etGalz.)Donk is classified as a subgenus of the genusRigidoporus,Murrill and the generaBjerkandera P. Karst. andLeptoporus quél. are classified as subgenera of the genusTyromyces P. Karst. The new subfamilyAlbatrelloideae Pouz. (genera:Albatrellus andGrifola) is described and 14 new specific combinations are made. The new genusIrpicodon Pouz. (type:Irpex pendulus) is proposed.     

Representatives of the family Bochianitidae (Ammonoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Crimean Mountains

The heteromorph ammonites of the family Bochianitidae from the Lower Cretaceous of the Crimean Mountains are revised. The validity of the genus Janenschites, separated from the genus Bochianites is confirmed. The species Bochianites neocomiensis (d’Orbigny), B. goubechensis Mandov, B. levis sp. nov. and B. crymensis sp. nov. are described from the Berriasian and the species Janenschites oosteri (Sarasin et Schöndelmayer) and J. incisus sp. nov. are described from the Lower Barremian. The family Bochianitidae first appeared at the beginning of the Berriasian in the southern regions (Africa and the Crimea), and spread to the northern regions of western Europe in the Valanginian-Hauterivian.     

Brachiopods of the family Linoproductidae from the Kasimovian Stage of the Moscow Region

Brachiopods from the Kasimovian Stage of the Moscow Region that for more than 70 years were referred to the genus Linoproductus (family Linoproductidae) are revised and redescribed. New characters connected with the ornamentation and inner structure of the dorsal valve are used for the first time in the analysis of the taxonomic structure of the group. Six species from three genera are described; four of them are new: one species of Linispinus Lazarev, 2006, three species of Linipalus Lazarev, 2007, and two species of Sublinoproductus gen. nov. The new genus is considered to be transitional between the genera Linispinus and Linoproductus.     

Revision of the Early-Middle Cambrian Lingulida (Brachiopoda) from the Siberian Platform

Based on Yu.L. Pelman’s lingulid collection and our own material, the Early-Middle Cambrian genus Eoobolus, which was widespread on the Siberian Platform, is revised. The Siberian members of this genus have previously been assigned to Lingulella. Two out of these six members are recognized as valid species: Eoobolus siniellus (Pelman) and E. variabilis (Pelman). Lingulella acuta Pelman and L. linguata Pelman are considered here to be junior synonyms of E. priscus (Poulsen, 1932). The valid species are redescribed and their stratigraphic and geographic ranges are given. A new species, E. pelmani sp. nov., is described. New data on the Eoobolus microornamentation and shell structure are provided.     

New ideas on the system of the Permian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Inoceramus</Emphasis>-like bivalves of the eastern Boreal zone

New concepts of systematics and phylogeny of the Permian Inoceramus-like bivalve mollusks of the eastern part of the Boreal zone are discussed based on analysis of the group’s historical development. All taxa studied are referred to the family Kolymiidae Kusnezov, which is divided into two subfamilies, Kolymiinae and Atomodesmatinae. In the subfamily Kolymiinae, two new genera are described: Praekolymia with the type species P. archboldi sp. nov. and P. urbajtisae sp. nov., and Taimyrokolymia with the type species T. ustritskyi sp. nov. In the subfamily Atomodesmatinae, two new genera, Costatoaphanaia and Okhotodesma, are described. The development of the group is shown to be generally autochthonous with some invasions (genus Atomodesma and, probably, Trabeculatia) from extraboreal regions.     

New radiolarian species from the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene of the eastern slope of the northern Ural Mountains

Five new radiolarian species, Dictyophimus? orbiculiporosus sp. nov., Spongomelissa imperceptusa sp. nov., Theocoronium puncticulatum sp. nov., Pterocyrtidium porrectum sp. nov., and Tripodiscinus corona sp. nov., from the Campanian-Danian diatomites of the Leplinskaya Formation of the northern Ural Mountains are described. They are useful for stratification and correlation of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene beds of the Ural Region of Western Siberia.     

On the taxonomy of the Paleozoic red algae of the family Ungdarellaceae

The history of the genus Ungdarella and the family Ungdarellaceae is discussed. Data on thallus morphology in members of the family are analyzed. Three new genera, Ungdarelloides, Urtasimella, and Suundukella, and a new species of the genus Ungdarella, U. mitchaelensis sp. nov., are described. The type localities of these taxa are briefly outlined. All these taxa come from Middle Carboniferous carbonate rocks of the Subpolar and Southern Ural Mountains.     

Notes on the phylogenetic relationships of planthoppers of the family issidae (Hemiptera,Fulgoroidea) of the Western Palaearctic fauna,with descriptions of two new genera

Seven groups of genera are distinguished in the subtribe Issina Spinola. The new genera Apedalmus gen. n. (the type species Falcidius abruzicus Dlabola, 1983) and Thalassana gen. n. (the type species: Hysteropterum ephialtes Linnavuori, 1971) are erected. The subgenera Acrestia Dlabola, 1980, Montissus Gnezdilov, 2003, and Atticus Gnezdilov, 2003 are upgraded to genera. The subgenus Capititudes Gnezdilov, Drosopoulos et Wilson, 2004 is transferred to the genus Acrestia, and the subgenus Stygiata Emeljanov, 1972 to Celyphoma Emeljanov, 1971. The subtribe Agalmatiina Gnezdilov, 2002 and the subfamily Hysteropterinae Melichar, 1906 are placed in synonymy under Issina Spinola, 1839. Issus reticulatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1835 is designated as the type species of the genus Hysteropterum Amyot et Serville, 1843.     

Glyceriformia (Annelida) from the deep sea of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

The faunas living in the vast deep sea regions around the Antarctic are very poorly known. This is especially true for the biodiversity of polychaetes inhabiting these remote areas. Therefore, we report new morphological data of Glyceriformia from the ANDEEP cruises to the South Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean. Based on benthos samples from three expeditions aboard R/V POLARSTERN, two species of Glyceridae (Glycera capitata, G. diva) and four species of Goniadidae (Bathyglycinde sibogana, B. stepaniantsae, Goniada maculata, Progoniada regularis) were studied. Furthermore, new morphological details (especially for the previously unknown tail) for the rarely found taxon B. stepaniantsae are given. The distribution patterns of the different taxa demonstrated that some species have a high dispersal capability and show an extended level of eurybathy, whereas other species are restricted to the deep sea.     

New tempospondyl amphibians from the basal Triassic of the Obshchii Syrt Highland,Eastern Europe

Two new genera (monotypic Samarabatrachus gen. nov. (S. bjerringi sp. nov.) and Syrtosuchus gen. nov. (including S. samarensis (Sennikov, 1981) and S. morkovini sp. nov) and a new species of the genus Selenocara Bjerring (S. rossica sp. nov.) are described based on revision of the original material of the form previously known as Wetlugasaurus samarensis. The genera Selenocara and Samarabatrachus gen. nov. positioned at the base of radiation of Triassic capitosaurids are combined into a new subfamily, Selenocarinae subfam. nov. The genus Syrtosuchus gen. nov., which is undoubtedly a derivative of early capitosaurids (Selenocara or a closely related genus), shows some typical benthosuchid features and is assigned to a separate benthosuchid subfamily, Syrtosuchinae subfam. nov. The diagnoses of the genera Wetlugasaurus Riabinin and Selenocara are amended. For the territory of the Obschii Syrt Highland, the genera Selenocara, Samarabatrachus gen. nov., and Syrtosuchus gen. nov. are regarded as key members of a separate Early Triassic tetrapod assemblage (Selenocara–Syrtosuchus Fauna), which is intermediate between the Tupilakosaurus and Benthosuchus faunas and dated Late Induan (Dienerian).     

Notes on the fauna and taxonomy of the click beetles (Coleoptera,Elateridae) of Russia and neighboring countries

New data on the distribution and taxonomy of some species of click-beetles in Russia and adjacent countries are given. Several species are recorded for the first time for the following territories: Brachygonus bouyoni (Chass.), B. dubius (Plat. et Cate) and Zorochros lewisi (Schw.), for Russia; Sericus sulcipennis (Baudi), for Ukraine; Berninelsonius hyperboreus (Gyll.), Cidnopus parallelus (Motsch.), and Limonius poneli Les. et Mertl., for Kazakhstan. New interesting findings of Sericus sulcipennis and Selatosomus songoricus (Kr.) are reported. Comments on some erroneous faunistic records of several elaterids, including some species from Middle Asia, are made. The following new synonymy is established: Haterumelater fulvago (Marseul, {dy1868}) = Elater tauricola Gurjeva, 1957, syn. n. Notes on the variability of Selatosomus latus (F.) are given, and its conspecificity with S. corpulentus (Cand.) is confirmed. The external morphology and genitalia of the little known Selatosomus nanus Gur. are studied, and the systematic position of this species is discussed.     

Parasitic dinoflagellates and ellobiopsids (Ellobiopsidae) of the coastal waters of the sea of Japan

Five species of parasitic dinoflagellates of the genera Protoodinium, Paulsenella, Duboscquella, Syndinium, and Dissodinium and two species of ellobiopsids of the genus Ellobiopsis are described. Figures and distribution data are provided. All species, except for Dissodinium pseudolunula Swift ex Elbrachter et Drebes, are first records for the Russia Far-Eastern seas.     

New data on the ground-beetle fauna (Coleoptera,Carabidae) of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains

Pterostichus kajimurai Habu et Tanaka, 1957 new for the fauna of Russia and Perigona nigriceps (Dejean, 1831) and Amara distinguenda A. Morawitz, 1862 both new for the fauna of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains are described. The following new synonymies are proposed: Carabus careniger Chaudoir, 1863 (= C. careniger victorianus Obydov, 1997, syn. n.) and C. gossarei vasjurini Lafer, 1989 (= C. gossarei venustoides Deuve, 1990).     

The use of toxicokinetics for the safety assessment of drugs acting in the brain

Pharmacological and toxicological studies undertaken on drugs that affect the brain are frequently performed in disparate species under various experimental conditions, at doses often greatly in excess of those expected to be administered to humans, and the findings are extrapolated implicitly or explicitly with scant regard to differences in the biodisposition of the drugs. Such considerations are necessary since:

1. Species;
2. Strain;
3. Gender;
4. Route;
5. Dose;
6. Frequency and time of administration;
7. Temperature;
8. Coadministration of drugs; and
9. Surgical manipulation

are but some of the factors that have been shown to influence the kinetics and metabolism of drugs. This article, using MDMA and other phenylethylamines as examples, provides evidence for the need to measure the exoosure of the drugs and their active metabolites in blood and brain (toxicokinetics) in order that conclusions based only on dynamic, biochemical, or histological evidence are more pertinent. Further, the combined use of toxicokinetic-dynamic modeling can lead to a better appreciation of the mechanisms involved and a more useful approach to the calculation of safety margins.     

The importance of DDT-dehydrochlorinase for the effect of the resistance geneKDR in the houseflyMusca domestica L

Three kinds of DDT-resistance with different genetic and physiological background are now known in the housefly:

1. 1)
   DDT detoxication by DDT-dehydrochlorinase (DDT-ase) dependent on the geneD-ase on chromosome 5. This resistance can be overcome with DDT-F-DMC combinations.     
   
   

New species of stromatoporoidea from the Upper Ordovician and Silurian of the Subpolar Urals

Stromatoporoidea are widespread in the Upper Ordovician and Silurian beds of the Kozhim River (western slope of the Subpolar Urals). Five new species Cystostroma prodigiosum sp. nov., Stylostroma flabellatum sp. nov., Labechiina arguta sp. nov., Ecclimadictyon faveolatum sp. nov., and Araneosustroma astroplexum sp. nov. are described.