Provincial distribution of three HIV-1 resistant polymorphisms (CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3' A) in China

CCR5-Δ2, CCR2-641, mutants in two chemokine receptors and SDF1-3' A, mutant in a ligand gene, can delay AIDS pathogenesis. The distribution of the three polymorphic loci was studied in 1 046 DNA samples from 26 provinces (cities) in China. No CCR5-Δ32 was observed. CCR2-64I and SDF1-3' A had reverse distribution cline from south to north in China, with average frequency of 20.8% and 24.8% respectively. Relative hazard was evaluated. Important information to the epidemiology of AIDS and the origin and spread of these polymorphic loci in Chinese was provided.     

Provincial distribution of three HIV-1 resistant polymorphisms (CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3′ A) in China

CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I, mutants in two chemokine receptors and SDF1-3′A, mutant in a ligand gene, can delay AIDS pathogenesis. The distribution of the three polymorphic loci was studied in 1 046 DNA samples from 26 provinces (cities) in China. No CCR5-Δ 32 was observed. CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′ A had reverse distribution cline from south to north in China, with average frequency of 20.8% and 24.8% respectively. Relative hazard was evaluated. Important information to the epidemiology of AIDS and the origin and spread of these polymorphic loci in Chinese was provided.     

Distribution of the HIV-1 Resistance-Conferring Alleles (CCR5delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3′A) in Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian Populations

The frequencies of three alleles, CCR5delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3A, known to decrease the risk of AIDS onset and the rate of the disease progression in HIV-infected individuals were determined in three native population samples from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. The frequencies of the alleles were 0.15, 0.12, 0.21; 0.12, 0.07, 0.20; and 0.12, 0.08, 0.26 for Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarussians, respectively. The proportion of the individuals without any of three protective alleles among Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarussians constituted 49, 65, and 61%, respectively. The genotype frequencies for the three loci studied were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Based on the three-locus genotype frequencies, the relative hazards of AIDS onset in HIV-infected individuals in each population were calculated as ranging from 0.79 to 0.88. In the samples of Eastern Slavs analyzed the estimated frequencies of the AIDS-protective alleles tested, as well as the frequencies of the corresponding genotypes and the relative hazards of AIDS onset were within the range of these parameters for the other European populations. The data on the allele frequencies and the relative hazard values in Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarussians can be used as the predictors of AIDS onset and progression rate in HIV-1-infected individuals from the populations studied.     

Distribution of HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphic allelesSDF-1-3′A, CCR2-64I andCCR5-Δ32 in diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India

Polymorphic allelic variants of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, as well as of stromal-derived factor-1 SDF-1, the ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, are known to have protective effects against HIV-1 infection and to be involved with delay in disease progression. We have studied the DNA polymorphisms at the loci that encode these proteins in 525 healthy individuals without any history of HIV-1 infection from 11 diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India. The two protective allelesSDF-1-3′A andCCR2-64I at the SDF-1 and CCR2 loci, respectively, are present in all populations studied, although their frequencies differ considerably across populations (from 17% to 35% for theSDF-1-3′A allele, and from 3% to 17% forCCR2-64I). In contrast theCCR5-δ32 allele is observed only in three populations (Yamani, Pathan and Kamma), all in low frequencies (i.e. 1% to 3%). The mean number of mutant alleles (for the three loci together) carried by each individual varies from 0.475 (in Vizag Brahmins) to 0.959 (in Bohra Muslims). The estimated relative hazard values for the populations, computed from the three-locus genotype data, are comparable to those from Africa and Southeast Asia, where AIDS is known to be widespread.     

性病艾滋病感染者HIV-1相关基因CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3'A多态性分布的研究

研究HIV-1相关等位基因CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3'A在性病艾滋病感染人群中的突变频率和多态性分布的特点,为我国艾滋病的预防和未来的基因治疗提供初步依据.收集198例汉族性病艾滋病感染者的血液标本,提取基因组DNA,经PCR检测,并用统计学方法分析.198例性病艾滋病人群CCR.5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3'A的突变频率分别为0.25%、16.16%、25.00%,与中国普通汉族人的结果一致.CCR5△32的突变频率较低,而CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3'A的突变频率较高,提示本地性病艾滋病汉族人群对性传播的HIV-1(R-5)毒株有较大的易感性.     

性病艾滋病感染者HIV-1相关基因CCR5Δ32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3＇A多态性分布的研究

研究HIV-1相关等位基因CCR5Δ32、CCR26—64I、SDFl-3'A在性病艾滋病感染人群中的突变频率和多态性分布的特点,为我国艾滋病的预防和未来的基因治疗提供初步依据。收集198例汉族性病艾滋病感染的血液标本,提取基因组DNA,经PCR检测,并用统计学方法分析。198例性病艾滋病人群CCR5Δ32、CCR2b-64I、SDFl-3’A的突变频率分别为0．25％、16．16％、25．00％,与中国普通汉族人的结果一致。CCR5Δ32的突变频率较低,而CCR2b-64I、SDFl-3'4的突变频率较高,提示本地性病艾滋病汉族人群对性传播的HIV—1(R-5)毒株有较大的易感性。     

Effect of CCR5-Δ32 heterozygosity on HIV-1 susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Background

So far, many studies have investigated the distribution of CCR5 genotype between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected people. However, no definite results have been put forward about whether heterozygosity for a 32-basepair deletion in CCR5 gene (CCR5-Δ32) can affect HIV-1 susceptibility.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis of 18 studies including more than 12000 subjects for whom the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism was genotyped. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to assess the association of CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism with HIV-1 susceptibility.

Results

Compared with the wild-type CCR5 homozygotes, the pooled OR for CCR5-Δ32 heterozygotes was 1.02 (95%CI, 0.88–1.19) for healthy controls (HC) and 0.95 (95%CI, 0.71–1.26) for exposed uninfected (EU) controls. Similar results were found in stratified analysis by ethnicity, sample size and method of CCR5-Δ32 genotyping.

Conclusions

The meta-analysis indicated that HIV-1 susceptibility is not significantly affected by heterozygosity for CCR5-Δ32.     

Synthesis of β-1, 3-Glucan and β-1, 3 and β-1, 4-Mixed Glucan from UDP-α-d-Glucose

A particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus (mung bean) seedlings catalyzed the synthesis of a water insoluble β-1,3-glucan from UDP-α-d-glucose (UDPG) at high concentrations (0.4~20 mm) and an alkaline insoluble β-1,3 and β-1,4-mixed glucan from UDPG at a low concentration (8.5 µm).

Furthermore, the two kinds of β-glucan synthetases which were investigated with two reaction systems at high and low concentrations of UDPG had different properties in optimal pH, stability of enzyme activity, and metallic ion requirement.     

趋化因子CCL11-糖胺聚糖-趋化因子受体CCR3的相互作用研究

目的 探究趋化因子CCL11与受体CCR3、糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycans，GAGs）相互作用过程及机制，为深入阐明CCL11-GAGs-CCR3相互作用关系提供理论参考。方法 利用基因工程技术，构建筛选了CCR3-EGFP单分子表达水平的CHO稳转细胞系，利用全内反射荧光成像（total internal reflection fluorescence，TIRF）与等温滴定量热（isothermal titration calorimetry，ITC）技术研究了不同体外溶液条件下GAGs与CCL11的相互作用，并利用趋化实验及活细胞单分子成像实验考察了GAGs-CCL11对CCR3-EGFP稳转细胞趋化行为的调控及CCR3-EGFP在细胞膜上聚集状态的影响。结果 随着硫酸软骨素链长度的增加，其与CCL11结合放热增多，表明其相互作用力增强，其促进CCL11聚集作用增强。单分子荧光成像技术结合趋化试验研究发现，不同种类及不同比例的GAGs均会影响CCL11与CCR3的相互作用，GAGs的加入，抑制了CCL11对CCR3-EGFP稳转细胞的趋化效应及促CCR3-EGFP聚集的能力，且随着硫酸软骨素分子质量的增加，抑制作用显著增强。结论 GAGs的存在可以显著调控CCL11的聚集状态，进而影响其与受体CCR3的相互作用，本研究为进一步阐明CCL11-GAGs-CCR3相互作用关系提供了一定的实验基础。     

The effect of chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms (CCR2V64I,CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32) on renal allograft survival in Pakistani transplant patients

Background

Gene polymorphisms of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 (CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32) have been shown to be associated with renal allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with allograft rejection among Pakistani transplant patients.

Method

A total of 606 renal transplant patients and an equal number of their donors were included in this study. DNA samples were used to amplify polymorphic regions of CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32 by polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers. The amplified products of CCRV64I and CCR5-59029G>A were digested with restriction enzymes (BsaB1 and Bsp12861) respectively. The CCR5Δ32 genotypes were determined by sizing the PCR amplicons. The association of these polymorphisms with the biopsy proven rejection and other clinical parameters was evaluated using the statistical software SPSS v.17.

Results

In this study, the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I was associated with a high frequency of allograft rejection (p = 0.009; OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.2–3.7). Rejection episode(s) in the GA + AA genotypes were found to be significantly lower as compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.009; OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2–0.8). The Kaplan–Meier curve also indicated a reduced overall allograft survival for patients with the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I (59.2 ± 1.4 weeks, log p = 0.008). There was a significant association with rejection by female donors possessing the CCR2 GG genotype (p = 0.02; OR = 2.6; CI = 1.1–6.3) and male donors with the CCR5-59029 GG genotype (p = 0.004; OR = 1.7; CI = 1.03–3.01).

Conclusion

This study shows an association of the CCR2V64I (G/G) genotype with renal allograft rejection. However, no such association was found for the CCR5 gene polymorphisms. Therapeutic interventions such as blocking the CCR2 receptor (especially G polymorphism) may yield better survival of renal allograft in this patient group. Further, chemokine receptors may be added to the spectrum of the immunogenetic factors that are known to be associated with renal allograft rejection.     

FOXO1通过ICAM-1和CCR7调节树突状细胞的功能

<正>树突状细胞是高度有效调节适应性免疫反应的固有免疫细胞。它们捕获、加工和提呈抗原给淋巴细胞。树突状细胞在外周组织摄取抗原,然后迁移进入淋巴结,从而启动抗原特异的免疫反应。树突状细胞的迁移受趋化因子的诱导,例如CCL19和CCL21,它们通过趋化因子受体CCR7激活树突状细胞的趋化作用。此外,树突状细胞与淋巴细胞之间的相互作用对于启动免疫反应也是必需的,其中的关键分子包括树突状细胞上的ICAM-1与淋巴细胞上的LFA-1相结合。     

CCR2介导MCP-1诱导的人内皮细胞凋亡

本室前期工作发现,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)可诱导人内皮细胞(hVECs)凋亡.为进一步揭示MCP-1诱导凋亡分子机理,首先观察MCP-1对hVECs CC类趋化因子受体2(C-C motifchemokine receptor-2,CCR2)蛋白表达的影响.Western印迹结果显示,MCP-1以剂量依赖方式诱导CCR2在hVECs的表达.以脂质体为载体的CCR2反义寡核苷酸序列转染hVECs后,激光共聚焦显微镜及膜联蛋白(annexin)V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术显示,CCR2反义寡核苷酸转染hVECs48h后可明显降低CCR2蛋白质的表达(P0.05),抑制MCP-1诱导的hVECs凋亡(P0.01).反义CCR2抑制凋亡结果与加入CCR2阻断剂RS102895后细胞凋亡测定结果一致.上述结果表明,MCP-1的主要受体CCR2介导了MCP-1诱导的hVECs凋亡.     

Design,synthesis and structure–activity relationships of zwitterionic spirocyclic compounds as potent CCR1 antagonists

A series of zwitterionic spirocyclic compounds were synthesised. In vitro data revealed that these compounds were potent CCR1 antagonists. In particular, 2, 4, 11 and 20 inhibited CCR1 mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 cells in a functional assay.     

Distribution of the CCR5delta32 allele (gene variant CCR5) in Rondônia, Western Amazonian region, Brazil

Since around 1723, on the occasion of its initial colonization by Europeans, Rondonia has received successive waves of immigrants. This has been further swelled by individuals from northeastern Brazil, who began entering at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ethnic composition varies across the state according to the various sites of settlement of each wave of immigrants. We analyzed the frequency of the CCR5Δ32 allele of the CCR5 chemokine receptor, which is considered a Caucasian marker, in five sample sets from the population. Four were collected in Porto Velho, the state capital and the site of several waves of migration. Of these, two, from the Hospital de Base were comprised of HB Mothers and HB Newborns presenting allele frequencies of 3.5% and 3.1%, respectively, a third from the peri-urban neighborhoods of Candelária/Bate-Estaca (1.8%), whereas a fourth, from the Research Center on Tropical Medicine/CEPEM (0.6%), was composed of malaria patients under treament. The fifth sample (3.4%) came from the inland Quilombola village of Pedras Negras. Two homozygous individuals (CCR5Δ32/CCR5Δ32) were detected among the HB Mother samples. The frequency of this allele was heterogeneous and higher where the European inflow was more pronounced. The presence of the allele in Pedras Negras revealed European miscegenation in a community largely comprising Quilombolas.     

利用乳酸乳球菌AcmA表面展示b-1, 3-1, 4-葡聚糖酶

采用PCR扩增乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)MB191菌株的全长肽聚糖水解酶基因acmA, 通过C-末端融合构建了与绿色荧光基因gfp的融合基因acmA-gfp, 再连接于表达载体pMG36k上后得到可组成型表达AcmA-GFP融合蛋白的重组质粒pMB137, 然后将该质粒电转化导入到乳酸乳球菌AS1.2829中获得重组菌MB137。经SDS-PAGE检测, 重组菌MB137可表达预期的分子量约74 kD的蛋白质。Western blotting、细胞分级分离组分的荧光活性测定和特异GFP二抗标记的流式细胞仪检测证实GFP被成功锚定在重组菌细胞表面, 被锚定蛋白约占总表达融合蛋白的35%。进一步通过从枯草芽胞杆菌BF7658基因组中扩增去信号肽序列的b-1, 3-1, 4葡聚糖酶基因gls, 来取代pMB137中的gfp, 得到携带融合基因acmA-gls的重组质粒pMB138, 经导入到乳酸乳球菌AS1.2829后得到重组菌MB138, 其全细胞b-1, 3-1, 4-葡聚糖水解酶的活性约为12 U/mL菌液, 明显高于对照菌株。     

Design,synthesis, and structure–activity relationship of novel CCR2 antagonists

A series of novel 1-aminocyclopentyl-3-carboxyamides incorporating substituted tetrahydropyran moieties have been synthesized and subsequently evaluated for their antagonistic activity against the human CCR2 receptor. Among them analog 59 was found to posses potent antagonistic activity.