盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体—蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（ 薯蓣皂甙元＿３＿Ｏ［βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２）］［βＤ木吡喃糖基（１ →３）］βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →４）βＤ半乳吡喃糖甙） ,广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的     

滇产植物皂素成分的研究——Ⅹ.五指莲的两个新甾体皂甙(1)

从重楼属植物五指莲Paris axialis H.Li.根茎中分离到三个甾体皂甙,经化学降解,质谱,核磁共振谱分析,证明其中两个甙为新的化合物,即偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)和24α-羟基偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)][α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(Ⅲ);另一个鉴定为薯芋皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅱ)。     

棕粑叶中甾体皂甙和皂甙元的分离鉴定

从棕粑叶(Aspidistra zongbayi K.Y.Lang et Z.Y.Zhu)根茎正丁醇提取物中分离得到两个甾体皂甙。通过物理和化学方法鉴定为蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙(3-0-{β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖}-薯蓣皂甙元)和原蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙。从正丁醇部分酸水解物中分到△~(3,5)-脱氧替告皂甙元、薯蓣皂甙元、静特诺皂甙元。从根茎中还得到β-谷甾醇。     

鲜盾叶薯蓣中原始皂甙的分离与鉴定

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright)新鲜根茎的甲醇提取物分离到薯蓣皂甙元棕榈酸酯(diosgenin palmitate)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、纤细皂甙(gracillin)、原纤细皂甙(protogracillin)和原盾叶皂甙(protozingiberemissaponin),后者为一新甾体皂甙,结构推定为3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-26-O-{β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-薯蓣皂甙元(3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyran0syl(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin)。     

滇重楼地上部分的甾体皂甙

从滇重楼Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (Fr.) H-M.地上部分分离得到3个甾体皂甙,经光谱测定和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为:偏诺皂甙元3O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4))-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(A);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(B);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(C)。甙A、B和C在滇重楼根中尚未发现,甙C系首次从重楼属植物中获得,而甙A具有止血的活性。     

旋花茄新鲜果实中的三个甾体皂苷

从茄科食用植物旋花茄(Solanum spirde)的新鲜果实中分离得到3个化合物,其中一个为新成分,经现代波谱学方法鉴定为26-0-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-3β,22ξ,26-三醇-5-烯-3-0-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-2)-[3-0-(3-O-乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(1).2个已知化合物分别为26-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-22ξ-甲氧基-3β,26-二醇-5-烯-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡哺糖基-(1-2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(2)和26-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-3β,22ξ,26-三醇-5-烯-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-2)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(protodioscin)(3),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

裂果薯的化学成分研究——皂甙甲和乙

从裂果薯(Tacca plantaginea Drenth)中分离到甲、乙、丙三个甾体化合物。化物合甲和乙,经光谱解析和化学分析鉴定为两个新甾体皂甙。其中裂果薯皂甙甲(Ⅱ)为一个糖连接方式上不常见的皂甙(约茂皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙);裂果薯皂甙乙(Ⅲ)(约茂皂甙元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1—2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙)。丙为豆甾醇甙。     

滇产植物皂素成分的研究——Ⅵ.滇重楼皂甙(2)

从滇重楼干根粉中分离出三个甾体皂甙,鉴定为薯芋皂甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙V,偏诺皂甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙Ⅵ,偏诺皂甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡哺糖(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→4)-〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→2)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙Ⅶ.皂甙Ⅵ和Ⅶ已显示出有趣的生理活性。     

排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

羽叶鬼灯檠中的单萜二糖苷

从羽叶鬼灯檠 (RodgersiapinnataFranch .)的根茎中分离得到 6个单萜二糖苷 ,它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为 :(E ) 3,7 dimethyl 1 O [α L rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glu copyranosyl] oct 2 en 7 ol (1) ,(E ) 3,7 dimethyl 1 O [α L arabinofuranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopy ranosyl] oct 2 en 7 ol (2 ) ,geranyl 1 O α L arabinofuranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (3) ,gera nyl 1 O α L rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (4 ) ,geranyl 1 O β D xylopyranosyl (1→6 ) β D glucopyranoside (5 ) ,geranyl 1 O α L arabinopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (6 )。其中化合物 1为新化合物 ,单萜二糖苷类化合物系首次在该属中发现。     

被子植物系统发育研究的现状与展望

为植物界最大的类群—被子植物建立一个能真正反映植物的进化历史和系统发育（phylogeny）的分类系统一直是许多植物系统学家和进化学家所向往的。到目前为止,已经提出的被子植物分类系统至少有二十多个。问题在于这样的分类系统能否说已符合于系统发育的要求？要回答这个问题,首先必须弄清系统发育的真正含义是什么。     

Acylated protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng

Six new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, named ginsenosides Ra(4) -Ra(9) (1-6, resp.), along with 14 known dammarane-type triterpene saponins, were isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, one of the most important Chinese medicinal herbs. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-MS, and chemical transformation as (20S)- 3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (1), (20S)-3-O-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (2), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (3), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (4), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-4-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (5), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (6). The sugar moiety at C(3) of the aglycone of each new ginsenoside is butenoylated or acetylated.     

Dunawithanines A and B,the first withanolide glycosides from Dunalia australis

Withanolide D, 7β-acetoxy-withanolide D and two new withanolide glycosides, named dunawithanines A and B, were isolated from Dunalia australis. From physical data and chemical transformations, the structures of the new compounds were determined as (20R,22R-O(3)-[2′,3′-di-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3β,20-dihydroxy-1α-acetoxy-witha-5,24-dienolide and the corresponding O(3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1′ → x)-β-D- glucopyranosyl] compound, representing the first withanolide glycosides found in the plant kingdom.     

慈溪麦冬甙A和B的结构

从浙江慈溪产中药麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）中分离得到２个新的Ｃ２７甾体甙－－慈溪麦冬甙Ａ（２）和Ｂ（３）以及已知甙ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２）和ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」「β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃基（１→４）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡     

Isolation and Identification of Steroidal Saponins and Sapogenins from Aspidistra zongbayi K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu

Two steroidal saponins were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the rhizome of Aspidistra zongbayi K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-{β-D-glucopyr-anosyl (l→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl (l→4)-β-D-glactopyranosyl}-diosgenin (aspidistrin) and proto-aspidistrin by physical and chemical methods. Three steroidal sapogenins were isolated from the acid-treated n-BuOH extract. They were identified as△3.5 deoxyfigogenin, diosgenin and gentrogenin, β-sitosterol was isolated from the rhizome of this plant also.     

Melongosides n,o and p: steroidal saponins from seeds of solanum melongena

Three new saponins, melongosides N, O and P, have been isolated from the methanolic extract of seeds of Solanum melongena and their structures elucidated. Melongoside N is 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosy l-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β,22 α,26-triol, whereas melongoside O is 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol and melongoside P is 3-O- [β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-26-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(25 R)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol.     

马槟榔甜味蛋白的研究Ⅱ．甜蛋白Ⅱ和甜蛋白Ⅰ的比较

从马槟榔（Capparis masaikai Levl．）种子分离鉴定了二种甜蛋白：甜蛋白I（mabinlinⅠ或MaⅠ）分子量MWll600,等电点PⅠll.8;甜蛋白Ⅱ（mabinlinⅡ或MaⅡ）MW 10400,PⅠll.3。另一组分mabinlinⅡ MW10200,pl 11.8,可能是提取过程产物。MaⅡ有84个氨基酸残基,比MaⅠ少15个。它们有80个氨基酸残基是共同的,都是缺丝氨酸和蛋氨酸的单一多肽链。MaⅠ还缺赖氨酸和酪氨酸。测不出有自由SH基。在8 M尿素中用巯基乙醇还原处理,两种甜蛋白分子都可转变为二聚体而失去甜味。     

Saponins from Lysimachia candida

Three saponins were isolated from Lysimachia candida Lindl. By spectral and chemical analysis, they were identified as primulagenin A-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosy( 1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl( 1→4)-[β-D-glu- copyranosyl(1→2) ] -a-L-arabinopyranoside ( 1 ), protoprimulagenin A-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1→2)-β-D-glu- copyranosyl( 1→4)-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl ( 1 →2) ]-a-L-arabinopyranoside ( lysikoianoside, 2) and a-spinas- teml-glucopyranoside (3) respectively. 1 is a new compound named candidoside.     

Isolation and Identification of Steroidal Saponins from Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill

Two steroidal saponins have been isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill. collected from Sichuan province. They were identified as 3-0-{α-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl } -diosgenin (dioscin) and 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin (gracillin) on the basis of mp., m. mp., TLC. acetylation, acid hydrolysis, IR, MS, and 13C NMR.