钩端螺旋体赖型017鞭毛钩相关蛋白K基因的克隆及序列分析

在以抑制消减杂交比较强毒株赖型钩端螺旋体017株和无毒株双曲钩体Patoc　I株　的基因组差异时,获得了一系列仅存在于强毒株而无毒株缺如的差异片段.选取差异片段AF325810设计特异性引物,以赖型钩端螺旋体017株基因组DNA为模板,进行巢式PCR扩增,PCR纯化产物T载体克隆,选取阳性克隆测序,进一步进行生物信息学分析,以获得强毒株赖型钩端螺旋体017株特有的毒力相关基因,DOT BLOT显示其在钩端螺旋体各株间有不同分布PCR扩增得到了产物为2kb大小的DNA片段,序列分析结果显示得到了问号钩端螺旋体赖型017株的鞭毛钩相关蛋白K基因的上游序列,为进一步探索钩端螺旋体的致病机制奠定了基础.     

问号钩端螺旋体疫苗候选基因LB061的抗原性和保守性研究

目的 克隆表达和鉴定问号钩端螺旋体黄疸出血群赖型赖株中疫苗候选基因LB061,研究LB061的免疫原性和在不同血清型钩端螺旋体菌中的保守性。方法 生物信息学软件分析预测LB061的特征。构建原核表达质粒pQE31-LB061,经IPTG诱导后用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹法鉴定表达情况。用表达的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,Western印迹法检测其抗原性和在不同血清型钩端螺旋体中的保守性。Western印迹法检测钩端螺旋体全菌兔抗血清中的LB061抗体。结果 生物信息学预测结果显示,LB061含有DUF839家族结构域。成功克隆了重组质粒pQE31-LB061,表达的重组蛋白能刺激BALB/c小鼠产生抗体(效价为1∶32000),并能与相应抗体反应,具有良好的抗原性。在16株不同血清型的钩端螺旋体中均可检测到LB061蛋白的表达,并在钩端螺旋体赖株全菌兔抗血清中检测到其抗体。结论 LB061蛋白可以作为外膜蛋白刺激宿主免疫系统产生抗体,具有良好的抗原性和保守性。本研究为其作为疫苗候选基因的研究奠定了基础。     

问号钩端螺旋体基因组DNA芯片的研制

目的 研制并初步评估问号钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)赖型赖株的基因组DNA芯片。方法 利用Primegens引物设计软件筛选出问号钩体赖型赖株全基因组中的特异性基因进行引物设计。对成功设计出相应引物的3 290个基因用聚合酶链反应方法进行扩增,以纯化后的产物点样制备芯片。并用双色荧光杂交策略对芯片质量进行了初步平估。结果 共获得3 290个基因产物用于点样。参考株自身杂交实验结果表明:该芯片有较高的点一致性、信噪比和较低的假阳性率。结论 成功制备了包含问号钩体赖型赖株3 290个目的基因的基因组DNA芯片,并可用于基于该芯片的问号钩体比较基因组学的研究。     

秋季群钩端螺旋体的一个新血清型

1962年7月1日自云南省西双版纳州勐腊县钩端螺旋体病患者的血培养物中分离出钩端螺旋体A6株。经交叉显凝试验和交叉凝集索吸收试验,证明它是秋季群钩端螺旋体的一个新血清型。建议命名为致病性钩端螺旋体南腊血清型(Leptospina inteirogans serovar nanla),A6株为参考株。     

七日热群钩端螺旋体的两个新血清型

本文报告七日热群钩端螺旋体的两个新血清型。A10株钩端螺旋体系I 962年自勐腊县钩端螺旋体病患者分离,命名为云南型钩端螺旋体(Leptospira interrogans serovar yunnan)H27株钩端螺旋体系1964年自河口县钩端螺旋体病患者分离,命名为河口型钩端螺旋体(Le-ptospira interrogans serovar hekou)。     

钩端螺旋体遗传物质和毒力因子的研究进展

钩端螺旋体可引起人、兽共患疾病--钩端螺旋体病,其基本结构由圆柱形菌体、鞭毛和外膜组成.经血清型分类法将该体分为24个血清群200多种血清型.该体由大、小两个染色体组成,基因组共约5000kb,推测含4 768个基因.结构基因编码的鞭毛蛋白、溶血素、脂蛋白、脂多糖等可作为毒力因子,在钩端螺旋体致病过程中起主要作用.     

七日热群钩端螺旋体的一个新血清型

A23株钩端螺旋体系1962年8月3日分离富云南省勐腊县钩端螺旋体病患者血液。经交叉凝集试验、交又凝集素吸收试验和园子血清凝集试验证明是七日热群保林卡那亚群钩端螺旋体的一个新血清型。建议命名为致病性钩端螺旋体曼I芏血清型(Leptospira interrogansserovar manzhucng)。此型感染在勐腊已发现6例。     

钩端螺旋体膨胀试验用于快速鉴定菌群的研究

本文报导的膨胀试验,为一种鉴定钩端螺旋体菌群的快速而可靠的方法,经近二年的实验研究和现场考核应用,其结果可归述如下： 1．据我们实验研究,膨胀试验的抗血清浓度以1：500倍稀释为宜(指血清凝溶效价为1：12800之通常定群用诊断血清)。当此稀血清与同群钩端螺旋体各一接种环在玻片上加以混和,并覆以盖玻片,置于400倍暗视野下,于10分钟内观察结果,阳性时,可见钩端螺旋体发生膨张、伸长和部分溶解等显著形态学变化。 2．对304株不同群别的钩端螺旋体地方株(病人37,猪16,鼠251)和国内13群14型标准菌分别进行了膨胀试验定群鉴定,并同时以凝溶试验作对照,结果两者完全相符。 3．膨胀试验具有快速、简单、特异性高等优点。本文结果表明该法较凝溶试验更为优越,特别是可在“非常”条件下用于快速鉴定钩端螺旋体菌群。     

问号钩端螺旋体中一个新的OmpA家族蛋白抗原性及保守性研究

目的克隆表达和鉴定问号钩端螺旋体(L.interrogans)黄疸出血群赖型赖株中一个新的外膜蛋白(Omp)A家族基因LA0301,研究LA0301编码蛋白的抗原性和在15个钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)血清群代表株中的保守性,探讨其在疫苗研究中的意义。方法生物信息学软件分析预测LA0301的特征。构建原核表达重组体pQE31-LA0301,经IPTG诱导后用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)鉴定表达情况。用表达的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,Western印迹检测其免疫反应性和在不同血清型钩体中的保守性。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和Western印迹检测兔抗钩体全菌血清中的LA0301编码蛋白的抗体。结果生物信息学预测结果显示,LA0301具有OmpA家族的结构域。克隆表达了重组质粒pQE31-LA0301,重组蛋白能刺激BALB/c小鼠产生特异性抗体,效价为1:32000。在兔抗钩体全菌血清中检测到特异的LA0301蛋白抗体,并在15个血清群的代表株钩体中均可检测到LA0301蛋白。结论LA0301蛋白是问号钩体中一个新的OmpA家族蛋白,具有良好的抗原性和保守性,并且能在钩体感染的过程中刺激机体产生相应的抗体。为进一步研究钩体新型疫苗候选基因奠定了基础。     

钩端螺旋体外膜蛋白LipL32单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

LipL32是钩端螺旋体外膜中含量最丰富的蛋白,有很好的免疫原性,且在致病性钩端螺旋体中高度保守。在非变性条件下纯化LipL32重组蛋白,与佐剂混匀后免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾脏细胞与NS-1骨髓瘤细胞融合,然后用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和有限稀释法分别进行筛选和细胞克隆,获得29株能稳定分泌抗LipL32单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,它们能识别8个LipL32抗原表位。用这些细胞株制备腹水型抗体,并对特性进行鉴定。用生物素标记这些抗体后两两配对,采用双抗夹心ELISA检测提取自15株致病性钩端螺旋体及其他致病菌的抗原,以评估单克隆抗体的灵敏度和特异度。筛选出1对灵敏度高和特异度好的单克隆抗体,ELISA检测rLipL32的最低浓度为1ng/ml。结果提示,该钩端螺旋体外膜蛋白LipL32单克隆抗体及检测方法有很好的应用前景。     

Leptospire genomic diversity revealed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization

Comparative genomic hybridization was used to compare genetic diversity of five strains of Leptospira (Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava, Canicola, and Hebdomadis and Leptospira kirschneri serovars Cynopteri and Grippotyphosa). The array was designed based on two available sequenced Leptospira reference genomes, those of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni and L. interrogans serovar Lai. A comparison of genetic contents showed that L. interrogans serovar Bratislava was closest to the reference genomes while L. kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa had the least similarity to the reference genomes. Cluster analysis indicated that L. interrogans serovars Bratislava and Hebdomadis clustered together first, followed by L. interrogans serovar Canicola, before the two L. kirschneri strains. Confirmed/potential virulence factors identified in previous research were also detected in the tested strains.     

Leptospira interrogans is recognized through DC-SIGN and induces maturation and cytokine production by human dendritic cells

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species including Leptospira interrogans, that causes public health and livestock problems. Pathogenesis, immune response and cellular receptors for Leptospira are not well understood. Interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) with L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis L-643 and BL-6 isolated from leptospirosis patients, and both virulent and avirulent serovar Pyrogenes 2317 strains isolated from animal were investigated. Carbohydrate analysis using lectins showed that all of these leptospires contained high mannose components as a common backbone and DC-SIGN was involved in leptospires' attachment. Interaction of the L. interrogans strains with DCs induced maturation, but had different effects on IL-10, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. Both virulent and avirulent Pyrogenes 2317 and Autumnalis BL-6 but not L-643 strains induced IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha production, but minimal IL-10 secretion. These data demonstrated that L. interrogans binds DC-SIGN and induces DCs maturation and cytokine production, which should provide new insights into cellular immune processes during leptospirosis.     

Characterization of the cheY genes from Leptospira interrogans and their effects on the behavior of Escherichia coli

The motility and chemotaxis system are critical for the virulence of pathogenic leptospire, which enable them to penetrate host tissue barriers during infection. The completed genome sequence of a representative virulent serovar type strain (Lai) of Leptospira interrogans serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (L. interrogans strain Lai) suggested that there were multiple copies of putative chemotaxis homologues located at its large chromosome. In order to verify the function of these proteins, the putative cheY genes were cloned into pQE31 vector and then expressed, respectively, in wild-type Escherichia coli strain RP437 and cheY defective strain RP5232. The results showed that all the five cheYs could restore the swarming of RP5232 strain to some extend. Overexpression of CheYs in RP437 showed inhibited swarming of RP437. To investigate the mechanism of chemotaxis signaling in L. interrogans strain Lai, certain aspartates (Asp-53, Asp-61, Asp-70, Asp-62, and Asp-66 for L. interrogans strain Lai CheY1, CheY2, CheY3, CheY4, and CheY5, respectively) were mutated. Expression of these mutated cheYs manifested neither restoration of the swarming ability of RP5232 nor inhibition on swarming ability of RP437. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment predicted ternary structures and the result of mutation experiment suggested that these conserved aspartate residues of L. interrogans were analogous to that in E. coli CheY in function and structure. So, L. interrogans and E. coli may have similar mechanisms of activation of the chemotaxis phosphorelay pathway, but there are differences in their control by signal terminator.     

致病钩体表层膜蛋白新基因（Lslp）的克隆表达及免疫原性研究

克隆表达钩端螺旋体表层膜蛋白新基因Lslp并分析表达产物的免疫原性。根据前期研究得到的致病钩体新基因Lslp(GenBankAF32 5 80 7)的序列设计引物 ,在 6株致病钩体中扩增Lslp基因并测序。以BamHⅠ酶切Lslp和pGEX 1 λT ,构建重组质粒并用酶切和PCR鉴定 ,进一步在大肠杆菌中诱导表达 ,并进行免疫印迹分析 ;纯化表达产物免疫家兔 ,ELISA检测血清抗体滴度。结果显示Lslp在 6株致病钩体中均能扩增出相应片段 ,且序列同源性达到99 6 % ;构建高效原核表达重组质粒pGST LslP ,经IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌中可表达出 6 6kDGST融合蛋白 ,并能与全钩抗血清发生免疫印迹反应 ;将上述融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔产生 1 :5 1 2 0高滴度的IgG抗体。研究结果提示致病钩体膜蛋白新基因Lslp可在大肠杆菌进行高效表达 ,表达产物能被全钩抗血清识别 ,为研究钩体的致病机制和筛选保护性抗原提供了基础     

Experimental lethal infection of Leptospira interrogans in mice treated with cyclophosphamide

After preadministration of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg), BALB/c mice were lethally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar lai and a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, and leptospiral cells were detected in both kidneys of infected mice by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Nonpathogenic leptospirae, Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc, Leptonema illini, and an avirulent strain of L. interrogans serovar copenhageni, were not parasitic to the mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The cyclophosphamide-treated mice were protected from the homologous leptospiral infection by passive immunization with anti-leptospiral monoclonal antibody or with rabbit antiserum and by active immunization with lyophilized organisms or with protective antigen. The results of active immunization in mice treated with cyclophosphamide agreed well with those in nontreated hamsters, which were sensitive to the organisms. Furthermore, these experiments were reproducible with any lot of cyclophosphamide used. These results indicated that cyclophosphamide-treated mice can be used in the experimental infection of Leptospira in place of hamsters or guinea pigs.     

Genome conservation in isolates of Leptospira interrogans.

Reference strains for each of the 23 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans yielded different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of NotI digestion products. This was also the case for the 14 serovars belonging to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (with one exception). The NotI restriction patterns of 45 clinical leptospiral isolates belonging to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae were analyzed and compared with those of type strains. No differences were observed between isolates from countries of different continents, namely, France, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. The pattern was indistinguishable from that of the reference strain of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae.     

Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. based on putative O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), the benefit over 16S rRNA gene sequence

Molecular typing of leptospiral strains based on variation within putative O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy) was determined among reference strains and those isolated from patients. Using the PCR primers designed from the flanking gene of wzy derived from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, all L. interrogans serovars as well as human and rodent leptospiral isolates from Thailand could be amplified. The size of PCR product ranged from 1 to 1.5 kb. The limitation of these primer pairs was the inability to amplify those strains whose sequences differ in the region of the primers, these included Leptospira biflexa (serovar Patoc), Leptospira borgpetersenii (serovar Tarassovi) and Leptospira kirschneri (serovar Bim, Bulgarica, Butembo). Notably, amplification was not limited to L. interrogans as demonstrated by the amplification of some strains from L. kirschneri, Leptospira meyeri, Leptospira noguchii, Leptospira santarosai, L. borgpetersenii and Leptospira weilii. The phylogenetic tree of wzy sequence, inferred by posterior probability of the Bayesian, enabled the categorization of leptospiral serovars into seven genetically related group, of which its differentiation power was better than that of the more highly conserved 16S rRNA gene, which is used extensively for genotyping.