O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌主要抗原研究进展

霍乱弧菌是引起人和动物烈性肠道传染病霍乱的病原体。在霍乱弧菌的200多个血清群中,只有O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌能引起霍乱。快速准确检测O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌是霍乱防治的关键。表面抗原在O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌检测中发挥着重要作用。简要综述了O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌的脂多糖、霍乱肠毒素、外膜蛋白W、毒素共调菌毛和甘露糖敏感血凝素等5种主要抗原的研究进展。     

LAMP技术用于霍乱弧菌检测的研究

霍乱是由霍乱弧菌感染所引起的,属于甲类传染病.因此,建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的检测方法,对霍乱的预防和控制工作有十分重要的现实意义.通过霍乱弧菌外膜蛋白的ompW基因设计特异引物,建立霍乱弧菌的LAMP检测方法,同时对细菌进行扩增以检测该方法的灵敏度和特异性,并与普通PCR进行比较.实验的全部反应可在2 h内完成,且反应结果可通过肉眼观测直接判定;实验中霍乱弧菌的LAMP检测方法灵敏度是普通PCR的100倍,最低检出下限为10-5;检测霍乱弧菌均为阳性,其它13株非霍乱菌则全部阴性,特异度为100%.结果表明:该方法能快速、灵敏、特异性地检测霍乱弧菌,为快速检测病原微生物起到了很好的借鉴作用.     

霍乱弧菌检测技术研究进展

随着社会的发展,公共卫生及水体质量已得到明显提升,但到目前为止在发展中国家由霍乱疫情导致的死亡率依旧非常高,而霍乱弧菌即为霍乱疫情爆发的病原菌,且霍乱在我国被列为甲类传染病。目前国内外针对霍乱弧菌已经建立了多种有效的检测技术,对控制霍乱暴发作用显著。本文综述了近年来霍乱弧菌检测技术研究新进展,包括微生物学、免疫学、分子生物学等较成熟的检测方法,生物传感器、快速检测技术等新兴检测方法,并总结各种技术优缺点,展望未来霍乱弧菌检测的市场需求。     

多重PCR方法检测霍乱弧菌的研究

霍乱弧菌是霍乱的病原体,可以分为O1群、O139群和非O1/非O139群。O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌产生的霍乱肠毒素(也称霍乱毒素)是产生霍乱的主要原因,也只有O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌可引起霍乱。其他群的霍乱弧菌毒性不高,但在食品中也不允许被检出。实验以霍乱胶原酶基因和霍乱毒素基因为目的基因,试图建立一种PCR方法对霍乱弧菌进行检测研究,结果表明此方法可以用于食品中的霍乱弧菌检测。     

O_(139)霍乱弧菌流行病学

霍乱流行史上,七次世界性大流行都是由Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌所引起,但从１９９２年１０月至１９９３年４月,印度次大陆却爆发了由非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌Ｏ（１３９）血清型引起的霍乱样病大流行,印度及孟加拉相继报道了引起全国流行的霍乱样急性腹泻。从流行区病人分离的菌株不被Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌抗血清所凝集,也不被已知的１３７个血清型非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌抗血清所凝集,因此将这一引起霍乱样病的非－Ｏ１霍乱弧菌定名为Ｏ（１３９）。本文就引起霍乱样病流行的Ｏ（１３９）霍乱弧菌的来源,本次流行概况,流行特点,Ｏ（１３９）流行株的特性及流行预测做一简要概述以提醒国内霍乱流行病学工作者的重视,对这一霍乱新菌型有所认识,密切监视Ｏ（１３９）菌型的流行动态及传播趋势,做好应有的防疫工作。     

霍乱的研究进展和预防控制

1流行信息 霍乱是由O1霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholerae O1）或O139霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholerae O139）引起的一种肠道传染病。霍乱自1817年以来有过7次世界大流行,被看作需要政府干预的主要公共卫生问题,现在仍然是世界许多区域的流行性或地方性疾病。1961年以来开始于印度尼西亚的第7次大流行的持续时间、传播范围、感染人数都超过之前任何一次,并且开始在亚洲以外区域持续存在,尤其南亚和非洲成了该病的疫病区,     

霍乱弧菌的越冬机制研究进展

霍乱弧菌至今已引起7次世界性的霍乱大流行,人们对于霍乱弧菌生物学特性的了解取得了很大进展,但关于霍乱弧菌在疫区流行间歇期的季节性生存(即越冬机制)问题仍远未清楚.霍乱弧菌的生理和生化变化、遗传变异的理论尚无法解释其越冬生存,而霍乱弧菌复杂的微生态学特征、水环境宿主等方面为理解霍乱弧菌越冬过程和新出现霍乱的流行机制提供新的思路.本文就温度对霍乱弧菌的生存影响、霍乱弧菌的遗传变异、水生态学及环境宿主(包括浮游生物、自由生活阿米巴原虫包囊内)方面阐述霍乱弧菌的越冬机制.     

云南省0139霍乱弧菌引起的一次食源性霍乱爆发

霍乱是由O1霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholerae O1）或0139霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholerae O139）引起的一种肠道传染病,是发展中国家的一个主要公共卫生问题,2000年以来世界卫生组织每年报告霍乱病例数范围是101383～184311例,其中非洲报告病例数占86．8％-96．9％,亚洲占3．1％-8．2％,     

市售鲜猪肉非01群霍乱弧菌的调查

非0l群霍乱弧菌,是霍乱病的潜在病因菌。国内外对此均有报告。非01群霍乱弧菌广泛存在于江、河入海口处、海湾、湖泊、淡成水网落处等,它能引起散发性霍乱病以及大面积的流行霍乱病,由非0l群霍乱弧菌引起感染性腹泻,在发展中国家尤为突出。为弄清非01群霍乱弧菌     

利用转基因技术生产可预防霍乱的可食性番茄疫苗

TrangenicResearch 2 0 0 2年 1 0月 1 1卷 5期 4 47～ 4 5 4页报道 :霍乱是一种由霍乱弧菌 (Vibriocholerae)引起的烈性传染病。霍乱弧菌所分泌的毒素可导致严重腹泻。霍乱毒素由 1个A单位和 5个B单位组成。五聚B部分是有效的免疫辅剂。目前正在研制霍乱疫苗。已研制成功了由霍乱毒素亚单位B(CTB)与灭活的霍乱弧菌细胞混合而成的口服疫苗 ,可预防霍乱 (Sanchez等 ,1 993)。但由于CTB的造价太高 ,故不适于发展中国家生产疫苗使用。为此 ,近年来已开始利用转基因植物生产用于防治疾病的蛋白 (例如Fischer等 ,2 0 0 0 )。由于将抗原表达…     

O1或O139霍乱疫苗对异群霍乱缺乏交叉保护

O1和O139霍乱弧菌是引起急性腹泻的病原微生物,用这两群菌的灭活全菌体与重组霍乱毒素B亚单位构建的亚单位／菌体型疫苗免疫队CA小鼠,对本群菌的攻击可提供良好免疫保护,而对异群霍乱菌则缺乏交叉保护作用。     

Development and validation of a detection system for wild-type Vibrio cholerae in genetically modified cholera vaccine.

Orochol, a live oral cholera vaccine licensed in Switzerland and in other countries, is based on the genetically modified Vibrio cholerae strain CVD103-HgR. This strain is derived from the wild-type O1 strain Inaba 569B by deletion of a fragment internal to the ctxA gene encoding the A1 subunit of cholera toxin and by replacement of an internal fragment of the hlyA gene with a fragment carrying the mer operon mediating mercury resistance. In this study we describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the detection of wild-type Vibrio cholerae and the identification of the vaccine strain for the quality control of production batches. A multiplex PCR system that targets the intact ctxA gene of the wild-type strain and simultaneously the integration site of the mer operon in the hlyA gene (hlyA::mer) of the vaccine strain CVD103-HgR was developed. To evaluate the detection limit of the system, vaccine suspensions were artificially contaminated with wild-type V. cholerae 569B cells and tested by PCR. The detection limit of the system was statistically evaluated and found to be at 11625 wild-type cells per vaccine sachet (95% confidence limit). This number is below the infective dose of wild-type Vibrio cholerae. In Switzerland this test is used in combination with other tests in the official batch-release procedure to assure the safety of each batch of the cholera vaccine Orochol.     

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect toxigenic Vibrio cholerae and to biotype Vibrio cholerae O1

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to identify cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae and to biotype V. cholerae O1. Enterotoxin-producing V. cholerae strains were identified with a primer pair that amplified a fragment of the ctxA2-B gene. Vibrio cholerae O1 strains were simultaneously differentiated into biotypes with three primers specified for the hlyA gene in the same reaction. The hlyA amplicon in the multiplex PCR serves as an internal control when testing toxin-producing strains, as hlyA gene sequences exist in all tested V. cholerae strains. Enrichment of V. cholerae present on oysters for 6 h in alkaline peptone water before detection by a nested PCR with internal primers for ctxA2-B gene yielded a detection limit lower than 3 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of food.     

Cholera toxin gene-positive Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa and Inaba strains produce the new cholera toxin

Abstract Two strains of cholera toxin (CT) gene-positive Vibrio cholerae O1, Ogawa, isolated from patients with diarrhoea and the hypertoxigenic V. cholerae O1, Inaba (569B), were found to produce the new cholera toxin that has earlier been demonstrated to be elaborated by CT gene-negative human and environmental isolates of V. cholerae O1. The CT gene-positive strains produce the new cholera toxin simultaneously with CT, indicating that they contain the gene coding for the new cholera toxin in addition to that of CT.     

The protective activity of tea against infection by Vibrio cholerae O1

Extracts of black tea exhibited bactericidal activity against Vibrio cholerae O1. The tea extract inhibited the haemolysin activity of V. cholerae O1, El Tor and the morphological changes of Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by cholera toxin. Tea extract also reduced fluid accumulation induced by cholera toxin in sealed adult mice and by V. cholerae O1 in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits. These findings suggest that tea has protective activity against V. cholerae O1.     

Preliminary in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of terpenes and terpenoids towards Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.

Extracts of black tea exhibited bactericidal activity against Vibrio cholerae O1. The tea extract inhibited the haemolysin activity of V. cholerae O1, El Tor and the morphological changes of Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by cholera toxin. Tea extract also reduced fluid accumulation induced by cholera toxin in sealed adult mice and by V. cholerae O1 in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits. These findings suggest that tea has protective activity against V. cholerae O1.     

Critical factors influencing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the environment of Bangladesh

The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and subsequently in Bangladesh have stimulated efforts to understand environmental factors influencing the growth and geographic distribution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serotypes. Because of the severity of recent epidemics, cholera is now being considered by some infectious disease investigators as a "reemerging" disease, prompting new work on the ecology of vibrios. Epidemiological and ecological surveillance for cholera has been under way in four rural, geographically separated locations in Bangladesh for the past 4 years, during which both clinical and environmental samples were collected at biweekly intervals. The clinical epidemiology portion of the research has been published (Sack et al., J. Infect. Dis. 187:96-101, 2003). The results of environmental sampling and analysis of the environmental and clinical data have revealed significant correlations of water temperature, water depth, rainfall, conductivity, and copepod counts with the occurrence of cholera toxin-producing bacteria (presumably V. cholerae). The lag periods between increases or decreases in units of factors, such as temperature and salinity, and occurrence of cholera correlate with biological parameters, e.g., plankton population blooms. The new information on the ecology of V. cholerae is proving useful in developing environmental models for the prediction of cholera epidemics.     

Detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from environmental water samples by an enrichment broth cultivation-pit-stop semi-nested PCR procedure

A pit-stop semi-nested PCR assay for the detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in environmental water samples was developed and its performance evaluated. The PCR technique amplifies sequences within the cholera toxin operon specific for toxigenic V. cholerae. The PCR procedure coupled with an enrichment culture detected as few as four V. cholerae organisms in pure culture. Treated sewage, surface, ground and drinking water samples were seeded with V. cholerae and following enrichment, a detection limit of as few as 1 V. cholerae cfu ml(-1) was obtained with amplification reactions from crude bacterial lysates. The proposed method, which includes a combination of enrichment, rapid sample preparation and a pit-stop semi-nested PCR, could be applicable in the rapid detection of toxigenic V. cholerae in environmental water samples.