Blunt-snouted lenoks (genus Brachymystax: Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from the Ob’ basin: New data on morphology and allozyme variation

Variation of 69 morphological characters and allozyme variation at 32 loci was studied in lenoks (Brachymystax) from the Biya, Tom’, and Chulym drainages (the Ob’ basin). All lenoks studied belong to the blunt-snouted form, morphological differences between their populations are low and genetic distances equal zero. At the same time they diverged substantially morphologically and, especially, genetically from populations of the blunt-snouted lenok from other river basis of Siberia and the Far East of Russia. In the Ob’-Irtysh basin populations of the blunt-and sharp-snouted lenoks are spatially segregated: the former are found in the Ob’ River basin proper and the latter, in the Irtysh River basin, the degree of their morphological and genetic (D_nei = 0.096) divergence is high. Populations of the blunt-snouted lenok in the Ob’ basin are small and the numbers of lenoks are decreasing; problems of their protection are discussed.     

Genetic Effects of Sable (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Martes zibellina</Emphasis> L.) Reintroduction in Western Siberia

In the middle of the 20th century, massive introductions of sables were performed to recover the area of this valuable fur species. In this work, genetic variation of a naturalized sable population from the Vakh River basin (Nizhnevartovskiy district, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) was investigated. This population developed as a result of sable introduction from Cisbaikalia in 1952?1957. The naturalized sable population of the Vakh basin occupies an intermediate position between two autochthonous sable populations from the Ob River area and Cisbaikalia, as assessed by variation of five microsatellite loci. Apparently, the genetic structure of the modern sable population from the Vakh basin was formed by mixing the gene pools of the original Cisbaikalian population and the neighboring autochthonous populations from the Ob River area which recovered their numbers in a natural way. Data on genetic variation in the naturalized sable population agree with the results of previous morphological studies and can be employed for long-term monitoring of the outcome of sable introduction.     

Pathways of macroinvertebrate invasions in the Ob River basin (West Siberia)

Water bodies of West Siberia mainly belong to the Ob River basin, which is not connected to other basins by shipping canals. The relative isolation of the basin predetermined the major role of industrial fisheries and aquarium trade in alien invertebrate transfer into the basin reservoirs. About 60% of the alien species were introduced into water bodies of West Siberia through industrial fisheries, and about 40% through aquarium fisheries. This paper is the first attempt to supplement a list of alien aquatic invertebrates from the Ob River basin. The data on the spread of 21 known non-indigenous species of invertebrates in this area are available. It should be noted that 7 species were deliberately introduced to enhance food reserves for fish, 8 were released by aquarists, 5 were inadvertently released during fish and forage organism introduction, and 1 (a crayfish) was imported for human consumption. For species with a known establishment period, there was a prolonged lag time in cases of both intentional and inadvertent introduction. The high invasion rate in the relatively isolated water bodies of the Ob River basin is comparable to that in Europe; hence, establishment of control over fishery-induced movement of alien invertebrates is required.     

House (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Passer domesticus</Emphasis>) and Tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">P. montanus</Emphasis>) Sparrows (Passeriformes,Passeridae) in the Lower Ob River Basin and Yamal Peninsula: Specific Features of the Distribution of Sparrows in Northwestern Siberia

House and tree sparrows were common in cities and towns of the Lower Ob River basin down to the mouth in the 1970s–1980s. Currently, the house sparrow has spread in the localities of the middle and northern Yamal areas, whereas the tree sparrow has almost disappeared from the Lower Ob River basin. The house sparrow has moved to the Subarctic owing to the presence of localities with residential houses and warm shelters for vehicles and equipment, as well as houses near the oil and gas drill sites. This species reproduces during the same periods as in the temperate latitudes, annually brings two clutches, has an extended molting period, and migrates only in spring. The tree sparrow has similar ecological characteristics but prefers old wooden buildings. The southward shift of the distribution range of the tree sparrow is most likely associated with a decrease in the population.     

Autonomic regulation and mental activity in children during school studies under unfavorable climatic conditions of the middle ob

Autonomic regulation and mental activity were studied in first-grade 7-year-old children under the Middle Ob climatic conditions. The study disclosed some features peculiar to adaptive alterations in children’s organisms and revealed both the degree of tension of the regulatory systems and changes in mental activity that described the “cost” of adaptation to school studies. Adaptation to school process depended on alteration of the regulatory mechanisms which had different expression at certain school periods and on changes in the relationship between sympathico-parasympathetic effects and the central regulation system, which were accompanied by different changes in mental activity. The adaptation mechanisms in most northern children were rather tense due to the unfavorable climatic effect on their organism.     

Interaction between water ecosystems and the catchment surface by the example of the Ob’-Irtysh catchment area

The interaction of water basins and watercourses with the catchment surface in the Ob’-Irtysh catchment area is considered. The results of long-term observation of water, suspended matter, and bottom sediments in different segments of the watercourse are summarized and compared. The interaction of major and minor tributaries, natural and artificial water reservoirs with the catchment area is discussed in the context of industrial discharge of heavy metals. The areal distribution of metals along the Ob’ River is heterogeneous. The chemical composition of water in the upper reaches of Ob’ is determined by mercury and complex ore shows; in the middle and lower reaches, by catchments of major tributaries: Tom, Chulym, and, particularly, Irtysh. The Novosibirsk Reservoir purifies the water from coarse suspensions. Wetlands of the catchment enrich the main watercourse in metals and organic matter. Anthropogenic pollution from large cities (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Surgut, and Nizhnevartovsk) additionally contaminate the watercourse. With abundance of organic matter, heavy metals are accumulated in bottom sediments and, as a consequence, in tissues of predatory fish. The results of long-term studies indicate that oil products and phenols are the main hazard for the middle and lower Ob’ River, especially at elevated water temperatures.     

An empirical analysis of tourism eco-efficiency in ecological protection priority areas based on the DPSIR-SBM model: A case study of the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River Basin is a key area for ecological protection and high-quality economic development in China. However, with the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation, tourism poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Based on the panel data of eight provinces in the Yellow River Basin, a framework of the drivers, pressures, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) model of intervention was constructed, and the tourism eco-efficiency values in the Yellow River Basin were measured using the superefficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model. The convergence characteristics and driving factors of tourism eco-efficiency were analysed by combining the σ convergence and β convergence models. The results demonstrated that the overall tourism eco-efficiency of the Yellow River Basin ha exhibited a fluctuating upwards trend over time, with an increase of 25.4%, as well as significant differences in the stage fluctuations of the three subbasins. In the spatial dimension, tourism eco-efficiency exhibits a trend of “high in the head and low in the middle,” with the middle reaches having significantly lower tourism eco-efficiency than the upper and lower reaches. The convergence study revealed unstable stochastic convergence and σ convergence in the overall basin and three subbasins, while there is absolute β convergence with a catch-up effect in the overall basin and upstream and midstream regions. Additionally, conditional β convergence is found in the overall basin and the three subbasins. The initial tourism eco-efficiency value, economic development strength, ecological and environmental pressure, scientific and technological development, government input, and greening coverage level are all found to influence the convergence of the overall basin and the three subbasins to different degrees. The findings of this work provide scientific support and effective policy recommendations for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.     

Regional features of alien macroinvertebrate invasion into the water ecosystems of the Ob River basin

The peculiarities of invasion of alien macroinvertebrates into the water bodies of the Ob river basin have been studied. It has been noted that the construction of hydropower plants and fishery management play the key role in the invasion of alien fauna. The main invasion corridors and the tendencies of long-term alterations in them have been revealed. The common and distinctive features of the alien fauna of the Ob River basin and the invasive species of large European rivers have been determined. It is shown that a considerable number of alien invertebrates have been introduced into the Ob river accidentally.     

Composition and structure of phytoplankton in lowland rivers of the upper Ob basin

Taxonomic composition and structure of the phytoplankton were studied in the lowland rivers of the upper Ob basin: Barnaulka, Bol’shaya Losikha, and lower Inya. It has been shown that the phytoplankton of a large river system in Eurasia, exemplified by the Ob basin, is characterized by spatial heterogeneity in its taxonomic composition.     

Range expansion of rotan <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perccottus glenii</Emphasis>, sunbleak <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucaspius delineatus</Emphasis>, and bleak <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alburnus alburnus</Emphasis> in the Ob River basin

The ranges of three alien fish species (rotan Perccottus glenii, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus, and bleak Alburnus alburnus) in the Ob River basin, West Siberia, have expanded. Our data prove the expansion of rotan and sunbleak ranges to the north. In particular, for the first time, populations of rotan are reported from the lower section of the Ob. We also present new data about range expansion of the studied fish species southward. All three species have probably reached the southern limits of their possible distribution in the Upper Ob system, entering the potamon/rhithron transition zone, because the species under study prefer lowland waters. The spatio-temporal dynamics of their expansion reveals the role of the Ob River as the main invasion corridor, enhancing their distribution mostly in meridional direction. In the system of the Upper Ob, rotan and sunbleak were found by us in isolated ponds and lakes, as well as in floodplain systems. This is in agreement with the concept of two invasion vectors: the translocation of fish by humans between water bodies and self-distribution along the river courses.     

Annual Cycles of Wagtails (Passeriformes,Motacillidae) in Northwestern Siberia: Comparative Aspects

Biology Bulletin - Abstract—The annual cycles of pipits and wagtails, which were studied during field and experimental observations in the Lower Ob River basin and Yamal Peninsula, have many...     

Autonomic regulation and cytochemical status of lymphocytes in children at the beginning of school education

Examination of children at the beginning of school education showed that their autonomic regulatory mechanisms were stressed to various degrees, correlated with the rate of energy consumption in cells, which determines their performance and the adaptability to the adverse environment of Western Siberia. Most children displayed initial moderate or high sympathetic hypertonia (35 and 10% of children examined, respectively); in contrast, 26% of first graders were vagotonic. The highly stressed state of the regulatory mechanisms manifested itself as an unfavorable hypersympathicotonic type of autonomic reactivity. This was accompanied by certain cytochemical changes, mainly, a compensatory activation of succinate dehydrogenase, the degree of which depended on the degree of its inhibition. An optimum state of the regulatory mechanisms was found in only 29% of children, and 44% of them displayed a rather stressed state of energy-producing processes, threatening to disturb adaptive processes and the autonomic equilibrium.     

Comparison of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton of large and medium rivers

The results of a study of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton of two rivers of the Ob’ River middle reaches are shown. A comparative analysis of the composition and abundance values of two ecological groups of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton hydrobionts has revealed the difference in their taxonomic compositions and dominant complexes. The similarity in total number and biomass of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton in the large river and the higher values of zooperiphyton quantitative development in a medium river have been identified.     

干旱区内陆河流域生态脆弱性评价——以新疆塔里木河流域为例

生态脆弱性是景观或生态系统在特定时空尺度上相对于干扰而具有的敏感反应和恢复状态 ,它是生态系统固有属性在干扰作用下的表现[6] 。关于生态脆弱性的研究 ,可追溯到 2 0世纪初 ,美国生态学家 Clements提出了生态过渡带 ,自 80年代以来 ,该领域成为生态学研究的一个热点。干旱内陆河流域气候条件 ,尤其是水热条件和地貌特征 ,是植被生态、土壤环境及水环境形成与分异最主要的控制性因素 ,几大环境要素之间相互联系 ,相互制约 ,形成内陆河流域生态环境空间分布规律和生态系统功能在空间不同地带上的差异性 [2 ] ,并表现出不同程度的脆弱性…     

Physiological and Psychological Expression of Personality Types

In this study, we analyzed the physiological and psychological states of female college students using the typological theory of Carl Jung. It was suggested that the expression of psychological typological characteristics (psychotypological actualization) is associated with the actual autonomic, somatic, and psychological condition of the subject. The analysis of the relationships of the psychotypological actualization with the psychophysiological state pointed to their differentiation in relation to the psychotypological trait whose expression (actualization) was analyzed. Actualization of the basic Jungian traits, extroversion and introversion, was characterized by a stable state of the physiological systems. Low actualization of extroversion–introversion was accompanied by unfavorable (at the low limit of the physiologically normal range) autonomic and somatic states. Actualization of the psychological trait judging–perceiving was associated with moderate state and trait anxiety, completely excluding cases of low and high anxiety. Actualization of the intuition–sensation trait was linked with reduced adaptational capacity of the subject. Actualization of the thinking–feeling trait was not associated with the physiological condition of the subjects.     

黄河流域鸟类多样性现状、分布格局及保护空缺

黄河流域幅员辽阔, 多样的地理气候、植被类型及人类活动塑造了多样化的生物多样性格局。本研究以IUCN与国际鸟盟发布的鸟类分布图层为基础, 同时收集了黄河流域2009-2019年的鸟类实地观测记录, 包括观鸟记录、GBIF数据库、红外相机监测及其他实地调查的鸟类数据, 共得到35,026条鸟类实地观测有效记录。汇总结果显示, 黄河流域记录有鸟类物种662种, 占中国鸟类物种总数的45.81%。这些鸟类分属于23目83科, 其中雀形目物种数最多(384种, 占本目全国鸟种总数的46.83%), 其次为鸻形目(67种, 占50.00%)和雁形目(39种, 占72.22%)。黄河流域受威胁鸟类共计121种, 其中有37种和52种分别在IUCN红色名录和《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中被列为受威胁物种(即评估级别为极危、濒危或易危), 22种和73种被分别列为国家I级和II级重点保护野生动物。这些受威胁鸟种多为地栖性、体型大、营养级高或具有长距离迁徙习性的物种。黄河流域鸟类整体物种多样性由南向北递减, 以黄河上中游四川、甘肃、陕西的高原与山地内鸟种最为丰富, 而受威胁鸟类物种多样性热点区则在黄河中下游, 下游黄河三角洲及邻近平原区为受威胁鸟类最主要集中分布区。黄河流域内48个国家级自然保护区共覆盖鸟种数504种(占黄河流域鸟类总种数的76.13%), 其中受威胁鸟种92种(占黄河流域受威胁鸟种数的76.03%)。区域内国家级自然保护区大多分布在黄河上游, 对黄河下游的受威胁物种覆盖程度较低, 保护空缺较严重。对此, 我们建议着重加强中下游自然保护区建设与能力提升, 增加对中下游受威胁鸟种的保护力度, 在保护策略上应当积极探索高强度土地利用下的多样化保护机制。     

Distribution and some features of the biology of the bearded stone loach Barbatula toni (Balitoridae) in the Kamchatka River basin

Chronology of appearance and distribution in the Kamchatka River basin of a new representative of freshwater ichthyofauna on the peninsula—Barbatula toni—is presented. The data are reviewed on its size-weight composition, individual fecundity, and feeding in the floodplain lake Kurazhechnoye (the middle reaches of the Kamchatka River). With consideration of stable reproduction of Barbatula toni it is assumed that in the nearest years its abundance may increase, its distribution in the Kamchatka River basin may expand, and it may penetrate other river systems of the peninsula.     

Cardiac Rhythm Regulation in Children during the Initial Period of School Education under Conditions of the North

Cardiac rhythm parameters recorded in healthy children during the initial weeks of schoolwork immediately after the transition from kindergarten to the first grade of the elementary school or from the elementary school to the fifth grade of the middle school showed that their regulatory systems were stressed to different degrees, reflecting different costs of adaptation to environmental conditions. The most pronounced changes in these parameters were observed in the first graders: because of more significant stress (sometimes, overstress) of their regulatory mechanisms, in 70% of these children complete adaptation to new living conditions was associated with greater physiological costs. In the fifth graders, a similar situation was observed only in 25% of the children examined. The less pronounced physiological changes observed in 30% of the first graders and in 75% of the fifth graders can be related to the more mature state of their cardiac regulatory mechanisms, as well as to their greater adaptability to environmental conditions during the period examined.     

Distribution of Masu Salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou</Emphasis> (Salmonidae) in Amur River Basin

The presented data on the distribution of the masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the Amur River Basin are collected in 1976–2015. In the analyzed region the species’ spawning range includes the lower part of the Amur River basin from the rivers flowing into the Amur estuary to the basins of the Anyui and Amgun’ Rivers in their middle courses. The information on the catch of a masu salmon specimen in the Khor River Basin (approximately 1300 km from the Amur River mouth) in 2015 is presented. It is assumed that the total Amur population does not exceed several thousand of adult anadromous fish.     

Synergistic changes in river-lake runoff systems in the Yangtze River basin and their driving force differences

Climate change and human activities simultaneously alter river–lake relationships. Determining the dynamics of river–lake runoff systems on multiple time scales and their differences in response to driving forces can provide insights into hydrological processes and water resource management. This study investigates the synergistic evolution of river–lake runoff systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin (MLYR) using the cross-wavelet transform method. The effects of different driving force changes on river–lake runoff regimes are quantified based on the Budyko hypothesis, and an InVEST model is developed to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of habitat quality. The results indicate that during the variation period, the runoff distributions of the Yangtze River–Dongting Lake and Yangtze River–-Poyang Lake runoff systems are both skewed towards lower values in the flood seasons compared with those in the base period. The storage of lakes mitigates the extent of human disturbance to the mainstream hydrological regime, particularly under extremely low conditions. From 1960 to 2021, five significant resonance periods are indicated in the river–lake runoff system, and the phase–angle relationships indicate a positive phase coupling between the lake and mainstream hydrological regimes, with the lake lagging behind the mainstream; however, this interaction tends to weaken. In the mainstream and Dongting Lake basins, subsurface conditions are the dominant factor contributing to runoff variability, with contributions ranging from 50.9% to 72.6%; in the Poyang Lake basin, precipitation is the dominant factor, with a contribution of 50.6%; and in the Han River basin, changes in the potential evapotranspiration contribute to 50.6% of runoff variability. The proportion of high habitat quality in the MLYR is approximately 52%, the Dongting and Poyang Lake basins indicate a high habitat quality rating. However, frequent human activity is the main reason of conversion from higher habitats to lower ones, which may result in wetland habitat degradation.