湖南省龟类一新纪录——凹甲陆龟

1986年一月中旬,在邵阳市青龙桥附近的岸坡上,捕得一龟。该龟栖于灌丛下砾石形成的浅洞内。标本号86002号;同年10月15日又在邵阳市所属武同县药材公司收购部收到     

室内饲养凹甲陆龟的观察

凹甲陆龟Manouria impressa(Gunther)为濒危珍贵物种。国外分布泰国、缅甸、越南、马来半岛等山区。我国宗愉、马积藩(1974)及赵秀壁(1986)分别报道在海南海口市和湖南邵阳市曾各得1只,1989年6月9日本所自市场购得1只活体凹甲陆龟,体重2460克,背甲长24厘米,背甲宽17厘米,壳高11.5厘米,前肢长11.5厘米,后肢长12.5厘米。盾片同心环纹模糊,缘盾半透明状,系老年雌龟。经饲养15个月,于1990年9月5日死亡。现将观察情况报道于后:1食性文献记载,陆龟类是草食性。我们先后用米饭、馒头、瘦猪肉、白菜叶、软浆叶、莴笋叶、蕹菜、大米、嫩玉米粒、金鱼…     

凹甲陆龟的人工饲养试验及行为观察初报

从2004年,人工饲养了18个凹甲陆龟,对其食性、行为、疾病等进行了观察。结果表明：凹甲陆龟喜躲藏于阴暗处,在人工饲养条件下爱吃平菇、熟地瓜、黄瓜、西红柿等瓜果,常患寄生虫、胃肠疾病,较难人工驯养,提出了凹甲陆龟人工饲养几点建议。     

Threatened fishes of the world: Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 (Characidae)

Brycon nattereri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), a threatened South American freshwater fish, occurs in the Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco river basins in central Brazil. It is a middle-sized (up to 50 cm SL), omnivorous species, which occurs in swift, clear-water rivers with well-preserved riparian vegetation. Main threats to the species are water pollution, dam building, and deforestation.     

Surface morphology of immunocompetent cells isolated from spleen of Bufo himalayanus (Günther)

Immunocompetent cells were isolated from spleen of B. himalayanus and studied surface morphology of the three different cell types--(i) plastic adherent; (ii) nylon wool adherent; and (iii) nylon wool non-adherent cells. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, they resembled the macrophages, B and T cells, respectively. Presence of such cell types indicated that Bufo himalayanus possessed a well-organized immune system. Further work is needed to characterize the functional efficacy of these immunocompetent cells found in B. himalayanus.     

棘腹蛙(Rana boulengeri Günther)早期胚胎发育与分期的研究

本文研究了湘西地区棘腹蛙（Ｒ．ｂｏｕｌｅｎｇｅｒｉＧ．）的早期胚胎发育与分期．用人工诱导排卵、人工授精的方法获得受精卵,在控制水温为（２３±０．５）℃下发育,棘腹蛙的胚胎发育从人工授精开始到蝌蚪的鳃盖完全闭合需要２６１ｈ;以胚胎形态变化和主要生理特征的出现为基础,该蛙早期胚胎发育可分为２５个时期．棘腹蛙发育过程中的形态特征和其它无尾两栖类相似,但在某些方面也呈现出与适应山地溪流环境有关的一些特点．     

Haemogregarina majeedi n. sp. from the freshwater fish Barbus sharpeyi Günther (Cyprinidae)

Summary

A new species of haemogregarine was found in the fish Barbus sharpeyi (Cyprinidae): Haemogregarina majeedi n. sp. which is broadly oval to reniform and with a large, subterminal nucleus. It was found with one to two schizonts within the erythrocytes and erythroblasts which were shorter and broader than normal. This is the third haemogregarine described from fishes in Iraq.     

A new cucullanid species (Nematoda) from the freshwater fish Vieja intermedia (Günther, 1862) (Cichlidae) in Mexico

A new nematode species, Cucullanus angeli n. sp., is described from specimens recovered from the intestine of Vieja intermedia (Günther, 1862) from the Lacantun River, State of Chiapas, Mexico. It is characterized largely by having an unusual distinct unpaired median papilla present on anterior cloacal lip in the male and the situation of phasmids (close to eighth pair of papillae); it is further characterized by equal spicules (length 175-475 microm), distribution of caudal papillae, a preanal sucker surrounded by first and second pair of papillae, and conical tail in both sexes, ending in small terminal digitiform process (being more conspicuous in the female).     

我国猫科新纪录——云猫(Pardofelis marmorata)

1974年,自云南省丽江专区收购的皮张中,选出有6张云猫皮[Pardofelis marmorata(Martin 1837)](内有1幼兽皮)。从而证实,见于缅甸、越南、尼泊尔、锡金等毗邻国家的云猫,亦分布于我国境内。这县我国兽类分布上的一项新纪录。     

我国蝗虫的新纪录——Aulacobothrus decisus(Walker)

1964年8月6日,作者在陕西省秦岭东段南麓的商县地区采得Aulacobothrus I.Bol.属的蝗虫一种,经鉴定为Aulacobothrus decisus(Walker),该种蝗虫在我国尚未记载过,现将其形态记述如下: 雄性体褐色。头褐色,头顶至后头两侧各具一暗黑褐色纵纹,使中间部分形成一宽的浅色纵纹,复眼后亦具一浅色纹;复眼褐色。前胸背板褐色,在背板侧隆线处各具一暗黑色纵纹,使二纹间形成一宽纵浅色纹,各纹均与头部斑纹相连;中隆线及侧隆线黄白色;前     

Embryogenesis and larval development of migratory matrinchã Brycon orthotaenia Günther 1864 (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

The present study aimed to characterize the embryogenesis and larval development of matrinchã (Brycon orthotaenia), through the analysis of egg and larval morphology. Fertilized eggs had a mean diameter of 1.17 mm, with yolk occupying most of the egg (1.06 mm). Embryogenesis lasted for 15 hr at an average temperature of 27°C. At hatching, yolk-sac larvae measured 3.67 mm in mean standard length (SL). Pre-flexion, flexion and post-flexion larva had 5.01, 8.24 and 11.88 mm mean SL, respectively, with significant increases observed particularly in head length, head height, and eye diameter. The yolk persisted in the yolk-sac and pre-flexion stages (5.96 mm SL). The mouth opening could first be observed 13 hr after hatching, and cannibalism was observed 29 hr after hatching in pre-flexion larvae after absorption of the yolk sac; in such cases, the larvae had already developed teeth and a complete digestive tract. For an endangered species such as matrinchã, early life history studies are important because they provide researchers with a better understanding of critical stages of development and thus enhance captive management by rearing and restocking of the species.     

Interpopulation morphological variability of the viviparous pipefish Syngnathus acusimilis Günther, 1873 (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)

In viviparous fish, as is illustrated by the example of the pipefish Syngnathus acusimilis (Syngnathidae), unlike fish that spawn their eggs into the environment, there are virtually no differences between populations in meristic characters, which are formed during the embryonic and larval development. The absence of these differences is due to the stability of conditions, specifically temperature, during the egg incubation in the parental organism. The insignificant differences in the external morphology of the pipefish can also be associated with the presence of the bony plates that completely cover the fish body. The peculiarities of the structure and reproductive biology are not conducive to the ecological and geographical intraspecific differentiation of this fish.     

芬苯达唑对凹甲陆龟消化道线虫的驱虫初步试验

凹甲陆龟（Manouria impressa）属龟鳖目陆龟科,是仅产于亚洲热带及亚热带的一种陆栖龟类.在我国主要分布于广西、湖南、云南、海南等省,为国家二级野生保护动物.消化道线虫是危害成都动物园圈养凹甲陆龟的一类常见寄生虫.     

凹甲陆龟沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及毒力因子基因的PCR检测

从成都动物园因腹泻死亡的凹甲陆龟体内分离到一株病源菌,经选择性分离培养、生化试验、血清型鉴定等,确定该病源菌为D群肠炎沙门氏菌,其抗原结构式为1,9,12∶ g,m∶ -.该菌株对小鼠有较强的致病性,能引起人工感染小鼠大量死亡,且从其体内分离到相同特性的菌株;药物敏感性试验证实该分离菌对头孢曲松、氧氟沙星、卡拉霉素、多粘菌素、复方新诺明、呋喃唑酮等敏感,对链霉素、四环素、氯霉素等耐药;同时根据GenBank中已报道的沙门氏菌毒力因子ivnA和ivnE的基因序列,设计两对特异性引物对该菌进行PCR检测,结果在该菌中成功扩增并检测出ivnA和ivnE基因.本试验尝试了沙门氏菌的PCR检测方法,为该分子诊断技术的全面推广奠定了良好基础,也为今后该疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供了科学的实验数据.     

新疆龟类的一个国内新纪录——四爪陆龟

背甲稍扁平,背中部较平坦,前、后缘略向外翻转。腹甲大而平坦,前缘略有凹缺,后缘有深缺刻。 头较小,头顶被以大形对称鳞片。前肢粗壮而略扁,被以略呈覆瓦状排列的大鳞;后肢圆柱形;前后肢均各具4爪。 液浸标本背腹甲均棕黑色,有不同宽度的浅黄色边缘;头及四肢黄色。     

Metabolic and cellular stress responses of catfish,Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther) acclimated to increasing temperatures

We investigated the metabolic and cellular stress responses in an endemic catfish Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated to ambient (26 °C), 31, 33 and 36 °C for 30 days. After acclimation, fish were sampled to investigate changes in the levels of blood glucose, tissue glycogen and ascorbic acid, activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis (LDH), citric acid cycle (MDH), gluconeogenesis (FBPase and G6Pase), pentose phosphate pathway (G6PDH), protein metabolism (AST and ALT), phosphate metabolism (ACP and ALP) and energy metabolism (ATPase), and HSP70 levels in various tissues. Acclimation to higher temperatures (33 and 36 °C) significantly increased activities of LDH, MDH, ALP, ACP, AST, ALT and ATPase and blood glucose levels, whereas decreased the G6PDH enzyme activity and, tissue glycogen and ascorbic acid. Results indicated an overall increase in the carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism implying increased metabolic demands for maintaining homeostasis in fish acclimated to higher temperatures (33 and 36 °C). We observed tissue specific response of HSP70 in H. brachysoma, with significant increase in gill and liver at 33 and 36 °C, and in brain and muscle at 36 °C, enabling cellular protection at higher acclimation temperatures. In conclusion, H. brachysoma adjusted metabolic and cellular responses to withstand increased temperatures, however, these responses suggest that the fish was under stress at 33 °C or higher temperature.