灵芝中有效成分灵芝酸的抑制肿瘤作用研究

本文采用了体外肿瘤细胞培养增殖抑制试验与体内肿瘤细胞抑制试验,结果显示灵芝酸在体外对肿瘤细胞株SW620、LS180、S180的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,体内抗肿瘤疗效试验显示灵芝酸对Lewis肺癌(足趾接种)具有一定的疗效,对荷Lewis肺癌的小鼠IL-2的生成及NK细胞的免疫活性均有一定的促进作用。因此可以认为灵芝酸通过直接细胞毒作用与激活免疫体系实现抑制肿瘤作用。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与肺癌复发无相关性

宿主抵抗恶性肿瘤的功能主要是通过体内具有杀伤活性的细胞及其分泌的递质来完成的,例如,杀伤性T淋巴细胞、活性巨噬细胞(Mφ)、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)及抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用。验中活性 Mφ特别引人关注,它不仅可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,还可抑制肿瘤细胞的 DNA 合成。尽管许多实其     

括楼素的纯化及其免疫毒素的制备

利用凝胶过滤及离子交换层析从Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz种子中分离出一种核糖体失活蛋白,称之为括楼素(Trichokirin)。这种毒素在无细胞体系中对蛋白质生物合成具有明显的抑制活性而对完整细胞的毒性很低。与单克隆抗体偶联后,括楼素对靶细胞显示了明显的特异性细胞毒作用。     

细胞增殖调节因子与肿瘤

本文概述了抑素、多胺、蛋白质水解酶的性质、与细胞增殖调节的关系及其在肿瘤细胞恶性增殖中的可能作用。抑素是一类重要的细胞增殖抑制因子,多胺则可促进细胞增殖,蛋白质水解酶对细胞表面蛋白质的作用也可能是促进细胞分裂的一个因素。抑素活性的降低、多胺合成的加速及蛋白质水解酶活性的增强均与肿瘤细胞的增殖失调有一定的关系。本文最后讨论了患癌动物体液中存在着一类非免疫性抑癌因子的可能性。     

济南假单胞制剂PJV对大鼠肝大颗粒淋巴细胞数量、酶活性及自然杀伤活性的影响

本文通过细胞分离、细胞化学染色、电镜观察及~3H-TdR释放试验体外检测细胞毒活性等方法,研究了在生物反应调节剂—济南假单胞制剂PJV作用下,大鼠肝大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL)和枯否细胞(KC)的数量、形态及其免疫生物特性等变化。结果表明,PJV的应用可引起肝内LGL数量增长达4倍,其体外杀伤肿瘤细胞活性增长约2倍,细胞内ACP活性明显提高。肝KC数量及活性也有明显增加。本文还讨论了肝LGL与KC的相互关系。     

括搂素的纯化及其免疫毒素的制备

利用凝胶过滤及离子交换层析从Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓａｎｔｈｅｓ ｋｉｒｉｌｏｗｉｉ Ｍａｘｉｍｏｗｉｃｚ种子中分离出一种核糖体失活蛋白,称之为括楼素。这种毒素在无细胞体系中对蛋白质生物合成具有明显的抑制活性而对完整细胞的毒性很低。与单克隆抗体偶联后,括搂素对靶细胞显示了明显的特异性细胞毒作用。     

DCIK细胞用于肺癌临床免疫治疗

观察细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK 细胞)和同源树突状细胞(DC)共培养后,共培养细胞树突状细胞调节的细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(DCIK 细胞)体外细胞毒活性,并观察DCIK细胞治疗肺癌的近期临床疗效、免疫学活性及副反应.收录 12例确诊肺癌经标准治疗方案治疗的患者,取外周血分离单个核细胞(PBMC),体外诱导出DC和CIK细胞共培养后,观察DCIK细胞表型,用MTT法测体外细胞毒活性;当效靶比为20∶1、10∶1时,DCIK细胞体外细胞毒活性杀伤率分别为55%、46.2%.所有患者均接受一定剂量的 DCIK细胞过继免疫治疗,观察其近期临床疗效、免疫反应、不良反应.12例患者中完全缓解 1例,部分缓解4例,病情稳定1例,近期有效率为41.6%,疾病控制率为50%,病情进展共6例,其中死亡2例.与DCIK细胞回输前相比,患者CD4 、CD8 、CD56 均有明显的升高(P＜0.05),这表示可以诱导患者产生特异性的免疫反应.除两例患者出现一过性的发热外,其余患者基本无不良反应.DCIK细胞在肺癌免疫治疗中能诱导机体产生特异性的免疫反应,亦是新的杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应细胞,有较好的临床疗效.     

肿瘤对自然杀伤细胞的杀伤敏感性研究

自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）是机体抗肿瘤的第一道防线,是机体天然免疫的主要承担者,也是获得性细胞免疫的核心调节细胞。NK细胞对肿瘤的杀伤活性与其细胞表面受体和肿瘤细胞表面的配体密切相关,由于肿瘤细胞表面配体表达不同致使对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性有很大差异,临床疗效不一。我们简要介绍了影响肿瘤细胞对NK细胞杀伤敏感性的机制,对目前提高肿瘤细胞敏感性的策略和方法进行了总结。     

灰树花多糖的免疫调节和抗肿瘤活性

灰树花多糖的抗肿瘤活性完全是宿主中介性影响。多糖对肿瘤细胞不表现细胞毒作用,但能有效地影响免疫系统,通过激活宿主的细胞作用而起到抗肿瘤作用。因此,表现为高度的选择性,只作用于肿瘤细胞,正常细胞组织不受影响。灰树花多糖的免疫调节作用主要表现为增加肝脾重...     

端粒酶调控机制的研究进展

端粒酶在细胞中的主要生物学功能是通过其逆转录酶活性复制和延长端粒DNA来稳定染色体端粒DNA的长度。近年有关端粒酶与肿瘤关系的研究进展表明,在肿瘤细胞中端粒酶还参与了对肿瘤细胞的凋亡和基因组稳定的调控过程。与端粒酶的多重生物学活性相对应,肿瘤细胞中也存在复杂的端粒酶调控网络。通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用在翻译后水平对端粒酶活性及功能进行调控,则是目前研究端粒酶调控机制的热点之一。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.