大豆杂交组合早期世代鉴定的研究

在进行大豆杂交育种时,往往每年都要配制大量的杂交组合。但育种的经验证明,后期育成的优良品系,大多出自少数优良组合。因此,在杂交的早期世代,如能大体判别出这些少数优良组合,扩大这些优良组合的群体,并集中对这些少数优良组合进行选择,不但可以摆脱由于杂交组合繁多,造成工作量庞大的沉重负担,而且能使优良组合群体扩大,选得优良材料的机率大大增加。     

猕猴桃优良株系筛选鉴定研究

报道猕猴桃的芽变选择,雄株选择,各优良株系的生物学特性．果实生长发育规律,产量,果实营养成分和加工性．采用模糊评分选优法筛选鉴定出桂海４号为较理想的优良株系,江西７９－２和桂海１４号为有发展前途的优良株系。     

杜仲优系有效成分性状稳定性与增长率的研究

采用多项有效成分含量分析方法选择种源区和优良类型。在此基础上选择优树,繁殖无性系,建立无性系测定林,并采用多项有效成分含量和生长量（产量）指标的一、二级模糊综合评判方法,初选出14个优良无性系,1997年春季布设汉中、杨陵、咸阳3个区域试验点进行区域栽培设计。2001年6月中旬收集材料,对各区试点优良无性系的有效成分进行了测定和模糊综合评判;提出了有效成分性状增长率的概念;分析和计算了优良无性系有效成分的性状稳定性和增长率,筛选出有效成分含量高且性状稳定的优良无性系G2、X11、L45、L0、L1。     

浅析优质炒青茶的生产加工技术

本文就如何生产加工品质优良的炒青茶,探索性地提出了在陕西商洛地域内茶农生产加工品质优良的炒青茶方面的生产加工技术和操作经验,有助于帮助指导当地茶农整体提高自身种植茶叶品质,增强地域茶农生产加工品质优良的炒青茶产品意识,使之真正成为当地茶农主要经济收入的目的。     

中华猕猴桃优良品种选育

从野生中华猕猴桃中选育出早熟品种厦亚1号与40号、中熟品种厦亚15号、晚熟品种厦亚20号,以及适宜早、中、晚熟雌株的优良授粉树厦亚18号雄株。它们具有结果早,高产稳产,果实品质优良,适应性强等特点。种植在低海拔的南亚热带地区,经济性状优良,遗传性状稳定。     

贵州茯苓优良菌株的筛选

以l6个不同来源的茯苓菌株为试验材料,分别进行了菌丝生长初筛、复筛、高产性能筛选、遗传稳定性分析等一系列优良菌株筛选试验,获得4个长势强、产量高、商品性好、遗传稳定、适合贵州人工栽培的优良菌株;并在此基础上初步建立优良茯苓菌株筛选模型。     

一株源自人体阴道抗真菌的 优势乳杆菌的分离、筛选及鉴定

摘要：目的 筛选并鉴定出可以抗真菌且益生特性优良的乳杆菌菌株,为研制预防和治疗人体真菌性阴道炎症的微生态制剂奠定坚实的理论基础。方法 利用经典的微生物方法,将健康人体阴道内乳杆菌分离出来;利用发酵工程学、细胞生物学以及药理学方法,将分离出的乳杆菌中益生特性优良且可以抑制白假丝酵母菌的优势菌株筛选出来,利用分子生物学方法,将筛选出的优良乳杆菌菌株进行鉴定。结果 筛选出1株产酸性能优良,产过氧化氢,具有较强黏附能力,且能够抑制白假丝酵母菌的优势乳杆菌菌株,此菌株经鉴定为Lactobacillus crispatus。结论 本实验从健康人体阴道内分离、筛选并鉴定出的1株可抗真菌性能优良乳杆菌菌株SQ004,具有制备预防和治疗人体真菌性阴道炎症微生态制剂主要菌株的条件。     

林鸟聚焦野性之美

佛坪自然保护区由于地处动物地理上东洋界和古北界交汇地,栖息地优良,鸟类资源丰富,已调查发现217种鸟,鸟类学家说：随着科学研究工作的不断深入,以其独特的位置,优良的环境,种类应有300种左右。     

中华猕猴桃优良雄株选择研究初报

经过多年的授粉比较试验,筛选出中华猕猴桃优良株系桂海４号的理想适配雄株Ｍ２。Ｍ３授粉所得果实体积大,果形好,产量高,基本上保持了雌性优株桂海４号的优良性状。     

牛姆瓜果实的调查研究

牛姆瓜是优良的野生水果,也是优良的庭院绿化树种,对其果实和种子的形态特征、粒径、百粒重进行研究,为育苗生产,开发利用其野生资源提供科学依据.     

Systematic Study on Lomatogonium A. Br. (Gentianaceae)

The present paper deals with the infrageneric classification, phylogeny and geographic distribution of the genus Lomatogonium. A cladistic analysis was undertaken to establish the taxa and to evaluate the relationships between the taxa. The PAUP computer program was used in this analysis. The most parsimonious tree (Cladogram) of the rotate-corolla group of subtribe Gentianinae shows that Lomatogonium is closely related to Lomatogoniopsis and Swertia, but distantly to Veratrilla. Among them, Swertia is more primitive than Lomatogonium and hence Sect. Swertia was selected as the outgroup to polarize the character states of ingroup (Lomatogonium). A data matrix of 29 charaters of Lomatogonium was made for constructing the cladogram. Two most parsimonious trees were formed one of which, with the lowest f value, was at last selected as a shortest tree. In this tree 18 species fall into three groups, i.e. Sect. Sarcorhizoma, Sect. Lomatogonium and Sect. Pleurogynella. The former comes at a lower level with more plesiomorphies while the latter at a higher level with more apomorphies. Lomatogonium is distributed in the northern temperate zone. However, 16 species are centred in Asia and two extend to Europe, or further to the Arctic region, but none has been found from Africa, Australia and South erica. The analysis of distribution pattern of species shows that the Qinling-Hengduan Mountain region is both the frequence and diversity centers of Lomatogonium. From the cladogram of Lomatogonium (Fig. 5 ), L. perenne appears to occupy the most plesiomorphic node. This is an indication that it is the extant species closest to the ancestral form and it also implies that the ancestral species may reside in the habitat of this species (the Qinlin-Hengduan Mountain region). On the other hand, a umber of species of Swertia Sect. Swertia also occur in this region today, which indicates that the Qinlin-Hengduan Mountain region may well be the original center of Lomatogonium. From the distribution pattern of L. rotatum, it can be concluded that the time of the origin dates back at least before the Pliocene. After emergence, this genus had first developed and dispersed in the original center and adjacent region, then diverged into two lineages. One gave rise to the widespread species (northern temperate distribution species L. carinthiacum and L. rotatum), and the other formed the Himalayan species.A taxonomic revision of the whole genus Lomatogonium is presented. In this paper, one new section (Sect. Sarcorhizoma), one new species (L. zhongdianense S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho) and one new variety (L. forrestii var. densiflorum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho) are described. The key to the species is given. Type studies are made for all the taxa.     

Seasonal distribution and abundance of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the Faro and Deo Division of the Adamaoua Plateau in Cameroon

Ten years after the large-scale tsetse control campaigns in the important cattle rearing areas of the Faro and Deo Division of the Adamaoua Plateau in Cameroon, the seasonal distribution and abundance of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) were determined. During a period of 12 consecutive months (January-December 2005), the tsetse population was monitored along four trap transects consisting of a total of 32 traps and two flyround transects traversing the study area, which comprised the tsetse-infested valley, a buffer zone and the supposedly tsetse-free plateau. Throughout the study period, a total of 2195 Glossina morsitans submorsitans and 23 Glossina tachinoides were captured in the traps and 1007 G. m. submorsitans (78.8% male flies) were captured along the flyround transects. All G. tachinoides and almost all G. m. submorsitans were captured in the valley. Five G. m. submorsitans were captured in traps located in the buffer zone, whereas no flies were captured in traps located on the plateau. The index of apparent abundance (IAA) of G. m. submorsitans was substantially higher in the areas close to game reserves. In the remaining part of the valley, where wildlife is scarce and cattle are present during transhumance (dry season), the IAA of tsetse was substantially lower. In this part of the valley, the abundance of tsetse seemed to be associated with the presence of cattle, with the highest IAA during transhumance when cattle are present and the lowest apparent abundance during the rainy season when cattle have moved to the plateau. It is concluded that the distribution of tsetse in a large part of the valley undergoes substantial seasonal changes depending on the presence or absence of cattle. The repercussions of those findings for the control of tsetse in the valley and the probability of reinvasion of the plateau are discussed.     

Evidence of Host Discrimination by Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a Parasitoid of the Argentine Stem Weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Microctonus hyperodae is a solitary endoparasitoid of the Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis. Early investigation into the biology of the parasitoid indicated that there was no discrimination between parasitized and unparasitized hosts. However, dissection data from two experiments were analyzed according to three mathematical models. Model I was based on the Poisson distribution and assumed random selection of hosts. The host discrimination model (model II) assumed that parasitized hosts had reduced attractiveness to searching parasitoids. A competition model (model III) made the assumption that competition between the early immature parasitoid stages led to premature mortality, which was not accounted for in the dissection results. The dissection data indicated statistically significant departure from the Poisson model. Results from the laboratory experiment indicated that host discrimination explained the results more accurately than parasitoid larval competition. Models II and III both provided adequate fits to the field data, although the departure from the observed data was greatest for the competition model. Both intra- and inter-ecotypic host recognition were evident, and there was some indication that clonal recognition took place. This is the first evidence of host discrimination by a member of the genus Microctonus. It has provided further indication of the success of M. hyperodae as a biological control agent.     

Échinodermes de l'Ordovicien supérieur (Ashgill) de Sardaigne et d'Algérie

Research on the influence of sea level variations on the benthic faunas have been carried out in the Upper Ordovician of Sardinia. Study of the depositional facies and sequence analysis of the upper part (Lower Ashgill) of the Portixeddu Formation led to the identification of the sedimentary environments. Cystoids and crinoids are associated to bryozoans and brachiopods in most levels. The numerical analysis of associations and megaguilds shows that crinoids and cystoids have a higher frequency in the proximal and median facies of the upper offshore. The columnal association characterized by Conspectocrinus celticus and the coronoid Mespilocystites tregarvanicus has been discovered in the upper part of the formation. This material and complementary samples from Upper Ordovician of Sardinia and Kabylia (Algeria) bring additional data on the systematic and show the wide distribution of this fauna outside of the Ibero-armorican domain. The distribution of this echinoderm association supports a palaeogeographical position of the Ibero-armorican domain and Sardinia within the north gondwanan margin during the Lower Palaeozoic.     

An Ultrastructural Study on the Development of Egg- apparatus in Rice Embryo Sac

The development of the egg-apparatus (consisted of an egg cell and two synergids) of rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) was studied at the uhrastructural level. The walls of the egg cell and synergids, immediately after their formation, possessed numerous plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata were also present on walls between the egg cell and synergids. During the enlargement phase of the egg cell and synergids, the walls at the tip region began to loosen and vesiculate. By the time the embryo sac became mature, the part of the wall of the egg cell and synergids, facing the chalaza, disappeared. Consequently, the tip regions of the egg cell and synergids were only protected by a plasma membrane. When the embryo sac reached full maturity, the upper and middle region of the wall of the synergids broke up into pieces. At that time one synergid began to degenerate. Plasmodesmata persisted at the hook region of the wall of both the egg cell and synergids. Most plastids in the egg cell contained starch grains that persisted throughout the period of the embryo sac development. Starch grains in the plastids of the synergids appeared only before the time when the two polar-nuclei moved into the region above the egg-apparatus. They then disappeared and did not appear again until the embryo sac had reached full maturity. The size and location of the vacuoles in the egg cell were different from those in the synergids. The time of formation was also different. Vacuoles in the egg cell formed late in comparison with the synergids. Vacuoles in the chalazal region of the egg cell (especially at the early stage of the embryo sac development) were much larger than those in the micropylar region. Vacuoles in the synergids tended to concentrate mainly in the chalazal region. There was a peak period of lipid formation in the two synergids. The peak appeared when the embryo sac neared maturity. At the early stage of development, the nuclei of the synergids were elliptical in shape and were situated at the central region near the micropyle. The shape of the nuclei at the late stage of development became less regular and tended to move more towards the micropylar region. Changes in the uhrastructure of the egg cell and synergids of rice appeared to be closely related to the metabolic processes controlling the embryo sac formation and development.     

New freshwater diatom genus,Edtheriotia gen. nov. of the Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) from south‐central China

We describe a new genus and species of the diatom family Stephanodiscaceae with light and scanning electron microscopy from Libo Small Hole, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Edtheriotia guizhoiana gen. & sp. nov. has striae across the valve face of varying lengths, and are composed of fine striae towards the margin and onto the mantle. Many round to stellate siliceous nodules cover the exterior of the valve. External fultoportulae opening are short tubes; the opening of the rimportula lacks a tube. Internally a hyaline rim is positioned near the margin. Marginal fultoportulae possess two arcuate opercles. Areolae have domed cribra on the valve face. Those near the margin do not open to the interior. One to three sessile to slightly‐raised rimportulae are placed on the valve face towards the margin; they do not terminate shortened striae towards the center of the valve. This suite of features distinguishes this group from other known genera in the Stephanodicaeae. Cyclotella shanxiensis is transferred to Edtheriotia, making the new combination E. shanxiensis (Xie & Qi) Kociolek et al. comb. nov. It differs from E. guizhoiana by the presence of open pores near the margin of the valve. Features of the new genus are compared and contrasted with others in the Family Stephanodiscaceae. The two species of the genus, unlike most in the family, are known only from rivers and ponds from China and Japan.     

Le Lias et le Dogger du sud du Bassin parisien (France) : rôle de la tectonique syn-sédimentaire et reconstitutions paléogéographiques à l'échelle de la biozone d'ammonite

The Lias and Dogger series in the southern Paris Basin outcrops are precisely dated following the ammonite biozonation scale. In these series, the depositional environment context is accurately identified and thus various isopic zones can bee recognized. From the outcrop study, the depositional sequence and the tectonics events are also distinguished. The poorly dated subsurface data should be not anymore interpreted as diagraphic signatures, with the traditional peak to peak correlation. They now need to be analysed according to the geodynamic evolution of each isopic zone. The Liassic transgressive series (in the Armorican continent) and the Dogger platforms numerous carbonate bodies are correlated at biostratigraphic scale, throughout the whole southern Paris Basin. Subsequently, paleogeographic maps are established and based on depositional sequences. The basin evolution image changes radically. This shows clearly that the complexes carbonate bodies layout prohibits any depositional environment interpretation and any isopach mapping at geological stage level. If not, the carbonate platforms of different age would be amalgamated, without any connection with the reality. Over the time, paleogeographic maps show syn-sedimentary short wavelength deformations, more or less well expressed according to the local sedimentary context. During the Lias and the Dogger, three steps can be distinguished in the southern Paris Basin. Hettangian to Lower Aalenian, the progressive increase in accommodation drives to total immersion of the continental areas; the maximum of accommodation during the Middle Toarcian entails uniform sedimentary conditions. However, short wavelength deformations persist. The major accidents defining the isopic zones are mainly North-South oriented. Middle Aalenian to Middle Bathonian, isopic zones are contrasted, controlled by the North-South accidents but also the North West-South East ones ; the variable accommodation allowed the development of regional sedimentary gaps and shallow limestone progradations on a marly area (so called “Sillon marneux”) ; tectonics events correspond to the Tethyan and the North Sea riftings influences. Upper Bathonian to Upper Oxfordian, the North West-South East tectonics accidents are particularly active; this tectonic phase could be associated to the thermal event, described in the Paris Basin and announcing the Malm depositional environment.     

A reassessment of the relations in Malaysia between ants (Crematogaster) on trees (Leptospermum and Dacrydium) and epiphytes of the genus Dischidia (Asclepiadaceae) including 'ant-plants'

Three species of epiphytic Dischidia have been investigated in terms of their relationship to ants on trees. Two species, D. parvifolia and D. astephana , are associated with ants and trees in montane areas. A clear association has been found between ants of the genus Crematogaster and the tree Leptospermum flavescens. This relationship is complex and probably both organisms benefit from the association. The ants live in tunnels in the wood of the major branches and the trunk, and the entire tree is occupied by one ant colony. Trees occupied by ants are maintained by the ants substantially clear of epiphytes other than the two species of Dischidia. The potential benefits to the tree and to the ants of this association are noted. The roots of D. astephana and D. parvifolia penetrate into the cavities of these ant nests and presumably gain nutrients from waste in the ant nests. Both Dischidia species are effectively scavenging upon the waste material from the ant-tree association. The leathery dome-shaped leaves of D. astephana are not vital to the development of the scavenging habit as D. parvifolia has lens-shaped leaves, but may offer some advantage to D. astephana by the uptake of nutrients from waste deposited by the ants under the dome-shaped leaves by interception of stem flow and by uptake of gaseous waste. Ants do not nest under these leaves. Seeds of these species of Dischidia are taken by ants into the central woody area of the ant nest where they germinate. Both Leptospermum and Dischidia can be visualized as showing adaptations to a nutient-deficient tropical montane environment. These adaptations are discussed as is the need for reassessment in this genus of the term 'ant-plant', and the need for wider recognition of the 1ant-tree' relationship between Crematogaster and Leptospermum.     

Early embryonic development of the mayfly Ephemera japonica McLachlan (Insecta: Ephemeroptera,Ephemeridae)

In the newly laid egg of the mayfly Ephemera japonica, an egg nucleus (oocyte nucleus) at metaphase of the first maturation division is in the polar plasm at the mid-ventral side of the egg, and a male pronucleus lies in the periplasm beneath a micropyle situated just opposite the polar plasm or at the mid-dorsal side of egg. The maturation divisions are typical. An extensive and circuitous migration of the male pronucleus is involved in the fertilization process: it first moves anteriad in the periplasm from beneath the micropyle to the anterior pole of the egg and then turns posteriad in the yolk along the egg's long axis to the site of syngamy, near the center of the egg. Cleavage is superficial. The successive eight cleavages, of which the first five are synchronized, result in the formation of the blastoderm, and about ten primary yolk cells remain behind in the yolk. Even in the newly formed blastoderm, the thick embryonic posterior half and the thin extraembryonic anterior half areas are distinguished: the former cells are concentrated at the posterior pole of the egg to form the germ disc, and the latter cells become more flattened, forming serosa. Time-lapse VTR observations reveal a yolk stream that is in accord with the migration of the male pronucleus in time and direction. The yolk stream is also generated in activated unfertilized eggs, and it is probable that the migration of the male pronucleus in association with the fertilization may be directed by the yolk stream. J. Morphol. 238:327–335, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The phylogeny ofActaea (Ranunculaceae): A biogeographical approach

Phylogenetic analyses of the genusActaea were performed using morphological, ecological and biogeographical characters. Using solely morphological characters, the relationships of the three identified species-groups remain uncertain. Close biogeographical examination and comparison of the areas with ecological peculiarities as well as climate data gave important insight into the phylogeny ofActaea and the whole tribe. Consequently, the obtained biogeographical data were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Both, from the point of view of morphological and biogeographical data,A. pachypoda andA. asiatica are the most ancestral species. They grow on the east sides of the continents, mainly in broad-leaved forests. In West Eurasia the apomorphicA. spicata andA. acuminata occur under similar climatic and ecological conditions, but these species are adapted to another climate rhythm. The most advanced species (A. erythrocarpa, A. rubra) are to be found in the boreal forests where they are widely distributed. This biogeographical approach revealed that the evolution of the species led to a gradual widening and shifting of their ecological constitutions.