番茄灰霉病高效拮抗菌株的鉴定及通过导入β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因提高其生防效果

从淄博市温室土壤中分离到蜡样芽孢杆菌B-04菌株,对灰霉病菌表现较高的拮抗作用。本研究从质粒pUC1940得到4.1kb的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因片断,将该基因与大肠杆菌-芽孢杆菌穿梭质粒pBE2和pHY300PLK连接,获得重组质粒PBE2-glu和pHY300PLK-glu,转入蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）B-04菌株,获得工程菌株B-04-glu。限制酶切分析、ABP平板、PCR实验证实B-04成功转入β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因。与野生菌株相比,平板拮抗试验表明工程菌株较原始菌株对番茄灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea）抑菌效果明显增强。     

通过导入几丁质酶基因提高巨大芽孢杆菌的生防效果

以质粒pMSDChi113为模板,经PCR扩增,获得了几丁质酶基因1.8 kb DNA片段,将该基因与大肠杆菌-芽孢杆菌穿梭质粒pHY300PLK连接,获得重组质粒pHYChi113。重组质粒经芽孢杆菌感受态方法转入巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium) Ap25中,获得的工程菌株B.megateriums Ap25-chi113同时具有几丁质酶和内切葡聚糖酶酶活。平板对峙实验结果表明,工程菌株对病原真菌Rhizoctonia solani,Coniothyrium fuckellii,Fusarium graminearum,Macrophoma kawatsukai,Fusarium oxysporium,Botrytis cinerea,Rhizoctonia cerea-lis,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Bipolarls sorohlulana的拮抗性能明显提高,尤其是对Coniothyrium fuckellii的抑制率相对于野生菌Ap25提高了13%以上。盆栽防病实验结果表明,工程菌株显著降低纹枯病菌(Rhi-zotonia cerealis)对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)及枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)对棉花(Gossypium hirsutumLinn.)的致病能力,对这两种病原菌的防效分别是70.34 %和58.51 %,同原始菌株相比,防效分别提高了27.54 %和21.28 %。     

以绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因的原核启动子检测体系构建

以质粒pMUTIN-GFP 扩增获得的目的gfp 基因为报告基因,将其克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pBE2,构建成一个具有启动子活性检测功能的重组质粒pBE2-GFP .将组成型启动子P43和诱导型启动子Pspac克隆入pBE2-GFP ,得到重组表达载体pBE-GFP-P43和pBE-GFP-Pspac,转化至大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌.荧光显微镜检测GFP 蛋白的表达情况.结果 表明,2种不同类型的启动子均能在大肠杆菌BL21和枯草芽孢杆菌1A751中启动gfp 基因的表达.     

炭疽芽孢杆菌保护性抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达及纯化

按照炭疽芽孢杆菌保护性抗原（PA）基因成熟肽编码序列设计引物,从炭疽杆菌pOX1质粒中扩增出PA基因片段,将该片段定向插入到原核表达载体pET-28a中,获得了pET-PA原核表达重组质粒,限制性酶切分析和DNA序列测定均证实该克隆插入片段为PA基因的成熟呔编码序列。将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌表达系统中获得了高效表达;Western印迹分析表明表达产物具有良好的免疫学活性。     

灵芝-8基因的番茄果实特异性启动子植物表达载体的构建

构建含有灵芝-8（LZ-8）基因和番茄果实特异性E8启动子的重组载体,并将其转化到根瘤农杆菌中。通过PCR法获取LZ-8基因和E8启动子序列,将目的基因和E8启动子序列构建到植物表达载体pBI121中,获得果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒。并采用PCR、限制性内切酶酶切和序列测定分析法,对重组质粒进行鉴定,将其转入根瘤农杆菌GV3101中。PCR法、限制性内切酶酶切图谱和序列测定分析均表明番茄果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒构建成功。获得了含有LZ-8基因和E8启动子的重组质粒,并成功转化根瘤农杆菌,为下一步LZ-8蛋白在番茄果实中特异表达奠定基础。     

耐碱性木聚糖酶基因在短小芽孢杆菌中高效分泌表达的研究

从木聚糖酶高产短小芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluspumilus)BP5 1中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xynA ,将其构建在芽孢杆菌表达载体pWH1 5 2 0中得到重组质粒pWSX1 1。xynA由木糖诱导xylA启动子调控xynA表达。采用同源高效表达策略 ,以原生质体转化方法将pWSX1 1转回原始菌株BP5 1中 ,获得重组菌株BPX1 1。通过木糖诱导重组菌株中的xy nA基因高效分泌表达 ,使木聚糖酶产酶活力比原菌株BP5 1提高了 87% ,同时对重组表达的木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究     

以β-半乳糖苷酶为报告基因的原核启动子检测体系构建

目的:以β-半乳糖苷酶为报告基因构建原核启动子检测体系.方法:以由质粒 pDL 扩增获得的 bgaB 基因为报告基因,将其克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭载体 pBE2,构建成一个具有启动子活性检测功能的重组质粒pBEB.将组成型启动子P43和诱导型启动子Pcpac克隆入 pBEB,得到重组表达载体 pBEBP43 和 pBEBPapac,转化至大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌.结果:两种不同类型的启动子均能在大肠杆菌 BL21 和枯草芽孢杆菌 1A751 中启动 bgaB 基因的表达.结论:成功构建具有较为广泛适用性的原核启动子检测体系.     

几丁质酶表达质粒pKChiA和pMChiA的构建及表达

从质粒pLCHIA中切出含粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）几丁质酶基因（chiA）的1.8kb HinfI片段,将其插入到表达载体pKK223-3强启动子Ptac下游的SmaI位点内,构建成几丁质酶表达质粒pKChiA。再用内切酶BamHI从pKChiA质粒中切出2.1kb Ptac-ChiA片段,并将其重组到质粒pMC71A的单一BamHI位点内,构建成另一种几丁质酶表达质粒pMChiA。这两种质粒可在大肠杆菌HB101和JM105中高效表达,几丁质酶表达水平比质粒pLCHIA高1－3倍。     

短小芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶基因启动子的克隆、鉴定及其应用

利用TAIL-PCR(Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR)从短小芽孢杆菌基因组中扩增到碱性蛋白酶基因编码区上游的启动子片段。对该片段的序列测定和分析表明, 此片段长797 bp, 但与基因表达有关的序列长约390 bp。对启动子片段进行不同长度的缺失突变, 以获得最小的基因启动子片段, 结果表明, 该基因起始密码子上游约160 bp的DNA片段就可以启动基因的表达。将含有该片段的碱性蛋白酶基因WApQ3插入大肠杆菌-芽孢杆菌穿梭质粒载体pSUGV4中, 构建了碱性蛋白酶基因表达质粒pSUBpWApQ3。将该质粒分别转入枯草芽孢杆菌和短小芽孢杆菌中表达, 可在胞外检测到碱性蛋白酶活性, 最高酶活分别为466.5 U/mL和3060 U/mL。     

短小芽孢杆菌HZbp脂肪酶基因的克隆表达

以短小芽孢杆菌HZbp总DNA为模板以PCR的方式获得512 bp的脂肪酶基因,并在该基因的两端引入了EcoR1和Sal1的酶切位点,将该基因与大肠杆菌表达质粒pSE380连接,获得重组质粒pSE380-BPL。重组质粒转入大肠杆菌表达细胞株BL21,获得工程菌株BL21-BPL。序列分析显示所克隆的基因具有脂肪酶的保守G-X-S-X-G序列,SDS-PAGE电泳显示该脂脂肪酶的分子质量约为20 kDa。在LB培养基中,IPTG诱导浓度为1.0 mmol/L,33℃诱导培养10 h后,发酵液酶活达到8 U/mL。     

Cloning and expression of the PHA synthase genes phaC1 and phaC1AB into Bacillus subtilis

Summary Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by numerous bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. In this work, we constructed two recombinant plasmids, pBE2C1 and pBE2C1AB. The two plasmids were inserted into Bacillus subtilis DB104 and generated Bacillus subtilis/pBE2C1 and Bacillus subtilis/pBE2C1AB. The two recombinant strains were subjected to fermentation and showed PHA accumulation, the first reported example of medium-chain-length-PHA production in Bacillus subtilis. GC analysis identified the compound produced by Bacillus subtilis/pBE2C1 was a hydroxydecanoate-co-hydroxydodecanoate (HD-co-HDD) polymer while that produced by Bacillus subtilis/pBE2C1AB was a hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxydecanoate-co-hydroxydodecanoate (HB-HD-HDD) polymer. The results also showed that the recombinant B. subtilis could utilize the malt waste in the medium as a carbon source better than that of glucose and thus could substantially lower the cost of production of PHA.     

Artificial Tn2551 transposon with replicative properties

A hybrid plasmid, pBE10 was constructed. It consists of DNAs of RSF2124 (ColE1 :: Tn3) plasmid and pUB110 plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus. The latter can be stably maintained in Bacillus subtilis. BamHI cleaved pUB110 was introduced into the BamHI site of transposon Tn3 and the resulting enlarged Tn3 (Tn2551) was transposed from pBE10 onto phage lambda and than to pMB9 (Tc) and RSF1010(Sm Su) plasmids. Restriction and heteroduplex analysis of pMB9 :: Tn2551(pBE21) and RSF1010 :: :: TN2551(pBE32) was carried out. Plasmids pBE10, pBE21 and pBE32 demonstrated some kind of molecular instability when introduced by transformation into Bacillus subtilis.     

Integration of hybrid plasmids-derivatives of staphylococcal plasmid pE3692 and pBR322 vector with Bacillus subtilis chromosome

Bacillus subtilis is a nonpathogenic microorganism which certainly for also that feature is widely used in several biotechnological processes. Certainly, because of that an elaboration of gene cloning methods in Bacillus subtilis cells is of great significance both from scientific and practical point of view. It was found hybrid plasmids constructed by ligation of pE3692 and pE3692-9 staphylococcal plasmids with pBR322 vector can be integrated with B. subtilis chromosome. Selection of cells in the presence of erythromycin at 50 degrees C allows to isolate clones containing exclusively integrated plasmids. Growth rate of cells containing these plasmids in the selective medium is the same or slightly higher at 50 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. It seems that hybrid plasmid tested pBE4 and pBE91 after appropriate reconstruction in vitro could serve as vectors for B. subtilis gene cloning.     

环状芽孢杆菌几丁质酶基因序列分析、表达和生物活性测定

真菌病害一直是影响作物的主要病害之一 ,每年造成巨大经济损失。几丁质酶可水解许多病原真菌细胞壁所含有的主要成分—几丁质 ,是研究得最多的抗真菌蛋白质。许多几丁质酶基因已从微生物中克隆到 ,芽孢杆菌是一类重要的几丁质酶产生菌。环状芽孢杆菌可产生并分泌多种多糖降解酶类 ,包括几丁质酶、β 1 ,3 葡聚糖酶、β 1 ,6葡聚糖酶和半纤维素酶[1] 。Ｗａｔａｎａｂｅ克隆了环状芽孢杆菌ＷＬ 1 2菌株的几丁质酶基因ｃｈｉＡ和ｃｈｉＤ ,对该几丁质酶基因的结构和功能进行了深入研究[2～ 4 ] 。我国的陈三凤克隆了黄杆菌的几丁质酶基因 ,…     

过表达purA基因对腺苷积累的影响

利用穿梭质粒pBE43,在腺苷产生菌枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis XGL (Xan^-+ Deam^-+8-AG^r+SG^r)中过表达腺苷生物合成途径中关键酶腺苷酸琥珀酸合成酶(ADSS)的基因purA,研究其对腺苷积累的影响。以腺苷产生菌XGL基因组为模板,扩增出purA基因,将其连接到穿梭载体pBE43上,获得重组质粒pBE43∷purA。将重组质粒转化入XGL中,构建新的产生菌XGL-SY。通过逆转录PCR和定量PCR测定purA基因在腺苷产生菌XGL和XGL-SY中的转录量,并利用5 L罐发酵实验测定发酵参数的变化。分析发酵对数期的基因转录发现,在添加质粒后,purA基因的转录量提高了约9倍。上罐实验表明改造后的产生菌XGL-SY,菌体生长虽然受到一定的影响,但在相同发酵周期内腺苷产量提高了10.8%。研究结果表明在腺苷产生菌中过表达purA基因可以促进腺苷的积累,这为腺苷工程菌的进一步改造奠定了基础。     

PlcR在炭疽芽胞杆菌A16R中的功能研究

炭疽芽胞杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(B. cereus)和苏云金芽胞杆菌(B. thuringiensis)均属于蜡样芽胞杆菌群,在遗传学上有很高的相似性。PlcR (Phospholipase C regulator)在蜡样芽胞杆菌中是十分重要的调控因子,但plcR基因在炭疽芽胞杆菌中发生一个无义突变导致在炭疽芽胞杆菌中产生一个截短PlcR蛋白。为了研究plcR基因对炭疽芽胞杆菌功能的影响,文章以蜡样芽胞杆菌CMCC6330基因组为模板,构建重组表达质粒pBE2A-plcR后导入炭疽芽胞杆菌疫苗株A16R中获得重组菌株,对其进行表型分析。结果显示,炭疽芽胞杆菌重组菌株的溶血活性基本没有恢复,但恢复了部分神经鞘磷脂酶活性,表明将蜡样芽胞杆菌的plcR基因导入炭疽芽胞杆菌后,可以直接激活神经鞘磷脂酶活性。     

Cloning, characterization, and multiple chromosomal integration of a Bacillus alkaline protease gene.

Extracellular Bacillus proteases are used as additives in detergent powders. We identified a Bacillus strain that produces a protease with an extremely alkaline pH optimum; this protease is suitable for use in modern alkaline detergent powders. The alkalophilic strain Bacillus alcalophilus PB92 gene encoding this high-alkaline serine protease was cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 380 amino acids composed of a signal peptide (27 amino acids), a prosequence (84 amino acids), and a mature protein of 269 amino acids. Amino acid comparison with other serine proteases shows good homology with protease YaB, which is also produced by an alkalophilic Bacillus strain. Both show moderate homology with subtilisins but show some remarkable differences from subtilisins produced by neutrophilic bacilli. The prosequence of PB92 protease has no significant homology with prosequences of subtilisins. The abundance of negatively charged residues in the prosequences of PB92 protease is especially remarkable. The cloned gene was used to increase the production level of the protease. For this purpose the strategy of gene amplification in the original alkalophilic Bacillus strain was chosen. When introduced on a multicopy plasmid, the recombinant strain was unstable; under production conditions, plasmid segregation occurred. More stable ways of gene amplification were obtained by chromosomal integration. This was achieved by (i) homologous recombination, resulting in a strain with two tandemly arranged genes, and (ii) illegitimate recombination, resulting in a strain with a second copy of the protease gene on a locus not adjacent to the originally present gene. Both strains showed increased production and were more stable than the plasmid-containing strain. Absolute stability was only found when nontandem duplication occurred. This method of gene amplification circumvents stability problems often encountered in gene amplification in Bacillus species when plasmids or tandemly arranged genes in the chromosome are used.