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异三聚体G蛋白(Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins)是真核生物中一类重要的信号传导分子,由Gα、Gβ和Gγ3个亚基组成。异三聚体G蛋白不仅参与了植物的生长发育调控,而且还在多种非生物胁迫应答中起着重要的调控作用。本文着重介绍异三聚体G蛋白在植物非生物胁迫应答中的作用及可能的调控机制,并结合当前研究现状对未来研究方向提出展望,以期为今后深入研究异三聚体G蛋白在植物非生物胁迫应答中的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
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异源三聚体G蛋白由Gα、Gβ和Gγ 3个亚基组成,是普遍存在于真核细胞中的跨膜信号转导因子。植物细胞通过定位于细胞质膜的G蛋白信号调节子RGS蛋白(regulator of G protein signaling),调控异源三聚体G蛋白的活性,进而参与生长发育、激素和糖信号转导以及抗病反应等多个重要生物学过程。膜蛋白可通过胞吞循环调控其在细胞质膜上的数量,以响应外界环境因子和自身发育信号。近年来,研究表明多种外界信号诱导拟南芥AtRGS1蛋白的胞吞,进而促进其与Gα亚基的解离,游离的Gα-GTP、Gβγ亚基和定位于内含体的AtRGS1蛋白均可能调控下游信号转导,进而影响相应生物学过程。本文综述了AtRGS1通过胞吞作用调控G蛋白参与的生长发育和抗性反应的分子细胞学机制研究进展,以期为深入理解G蛋白信号调节子影响植物发育进程和抗性反应的作用机制提供理论参考,为植物膜蛋白胞吞调控信号转导提供新的视角。 相似文献
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线粒体是真核细胞的重要细胞器,在植物生长发育以及植物对逆境胁迫的响应方面起着重要的作用。除了线粒体呼吸系统蛋白如线粒体电子传递链(mETC)复合物、交替氧化酶(AOX)和解偶联蛋白(UCP),越来越多的线粒体蛋白如PPR、线粒体热激蛋白(HSC)、一氧化氮合酶相关蛋白(NOA)等被报道参与植物对逆境胁迫的调控过程。本文依次综述了参与植物逆境胁迫的呼吸系统蛋白、PPR蛋白、谷胱甘肽和谷氨酸蛋白酶类蛋白、分子伴侣相关蛋白等线粒体蛋白,并阐述了线粒体蛋白参与的胁迫种类及其分子调控的初步机制,为进一步揭示线粒体蛋白调控植物逆境胁迫的分子机制提供参考。 相似文献
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植物异三聚体G蛋白研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
异三聚体鸟嘌呤核苷结合蛋白(简称G蛋白)是真核细胞中保守的信号转导分子,通常与G蛋白偶联受体一起将细胞外信号传递到胞质中。许多研究表明植物G蛋白介导的信号转导途径在光、激素、糖等响应过程中发挥着精细的调控作用。本文重点介绍近年来植物G蛋白在复合体组成、生化特性及其工作模式等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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植物TCP转录因子的作用机理及其应用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
TCP转录因子是一类植物特有蛋白,含有保守的TCP domain,其中由60个氨基酸组成的b HLH结构是结合DNA和蛋白互作所必需的。TCP转录因子由于其广泛参与调控植物的生长发育过程(如分枝、株高、叶型、花型等)而备受关注。最近有报道显示,TCP转录因子在植物逆境胁迫应答中(如低温和高盐)同样发挥重要作用。TCP蛋白参与多种信号转导途径(如油菜素内酯、茉莉酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素等),可能是连接生长发育和介导胁迫响应的一个交叉点。本文从分子生物学角度,系统综述了植物TCP转录因子的作用机理及其在激素应答、发育调控及环境胁迫响应等过程中的功能,以期为基因工程方法改良作物生长模式和抗性提供参考。 相似文献
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植物G蛋白与植物防卫反应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
近年来, 植物G蛋白(包括异三聚体G蛋白和小G蛋白)的存在及其信号调控途径已经成为人们研究细胞信号转导过程的热点问题。从多种植物细胞中相继分离克隆出多个与动物G蛋白同源的编码植物G蛋白的基因, 并且植物G蛋白的种类和数量有其独特性。植物G蛋白在植物细胞跨膜信号转导中发挥重要的作用, 参与多种生命活动的调控。本文主要综述了植物G蛋白参与植物防卫反应调节作用的研究进展。 相似文献
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棉纤维是纺织行业的重要原材料。赤霉素能够促进棉纤维的生长发育,而DELLA蛋白又是赤霉素信号转导通路中的关键调控因子,因此研究棉花DELLA蛋白基因表达的调控模式,对阐明棉纤维生长发育的分子生物学机理具有重要意义。本研究根据两个棉花DELLA蛋白基因GhGAI3和GhGAI4序列设计特异引物,以陆地棉新陆早13号的基因组DNA为模板,用基因组步移法克隆了棉花DELLA蛋白基因GhGAI3和GhGAI4的启动子。对两个启动子进行序列分析表明,这两个启动子均具有真核生物典型的核心启动子区,同时也都具有一个或多个光响应元件和赤霉素响应元件,说明这两个基因可能受到光信号和赤霉素信号的调控,这与其它植物中DELLA蛋白的表达模式是一致的。此外,这两个启动子还具有各种转录调控相关的顺式作用元件,比如其它激素类的响应元件和逆境胁迫响应元件,说明棉花中DELLA蛋白基因可能在响应其它激素信号以及逆境胁迫中也起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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蛋白质可逆磷酸化调节植物细胞离子跨膜运动研究进展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶催化的可逆磷酸化是植物细胞中多种信号转导途径中重要的组成因子.本文对蛋白质可逆磷酸化通过调节多种离子跨膜运动而参与植物细胞激发子信号途径、毒性物质诱导的钙离子内流、盐胁迫适应、气孔运动以及蛋白质可逆磷酸化参与胞外与胞内之间Ca2 状况信息传递,调节花粉管顶端Ca2 离子通道活性进行综述,以揭示蛋白质可逆磷酸化在植物细胞离子跨膜运动中的调控作用,为蛋白质可逆磷酸化调节植物生长发育、响应逆境胁迫等机理的研究提供参考. 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献