禽呼肠孤病毒变异株的分离鉴定

从病鸡肝分离到一株病毒,经电镜检查、理化特性分析、核酸电泳和中和试验等证明它为禽呼肠孤病毒（ＡＲＶ）。该病毒只在鸡胚肝细胞（ＣＥＬｉ）上产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）,在鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）和Ｖ＿（ｅｒｏ）细胞上不增殖,它对热无敏感,Ｍｇ￣（２＋）不能增强其对热的稳定性,其基因组中的４个小节段的迁移率与ＡＲＶＦＤＯ和Ｓ＿（１１３３）株明显不同,表明它是不同于ＦＤＯ和Ｓ＿（１１３３）的ＡＲＶ变异株。     

猪源新城疫病毒JL01株分离鉴定及F基因遗传进化分析

2000年,在吉林省某猪场发生具有较高发病率和死亡率的急性传染病,发病率达到40%～50%,病死率15%,取其脾、肺、肾等组织进行电镜观察,可见副粘病毒样颗粒,表明其病原可能为某种猪源副粘病毒,命名为JL01株。在对该病毒的的血凝、血凝抑制等生物学特性进行鉴定后,初步确定该种猪副粘病毒为猪源新城疫病毒。病毒回归试验表明,纯化的病毒对猪仍有较强的致死性,并可从死亡猪体内分离到新城疫病毒。该病毒对鸡胚平均致死时间(MDT)、脑内致病指数(ICPI)和半数致死量(EID50)分别为55.2h、1.60和10-7.5/0.1 mL,表明该毒株属于新城疫病毒强毒株。在此基础上,采用RT-PCR方法克隆了猪源新城疫病毒F基因,与其他10株NDV毒株进行序列比较分析,结果表明,JL01株与B1、LaSota、Clone30等经典的新城疫病毒弱毒株同源性较高(91.5%～98.5%),与ZJ1、Mukteswar等强毒株的同源性较低。F基因氨基酸裂解位点的序列为112G-K-Q-G-R-L117,与弱毒株序列完全相同。基因分型结果表明JL01株属于基因Ⅰ型。因此,本研究所分离到感染猪的新城疫病毒属于基因变异的新城疫病毒弱毒株...     

犬瘟热病毒XJ株的分离鉴定

应用犬肺原代巨噬细胞,从新疆阿克苏送检的一只病死犬肺脏中分离出1株犬瘟热病毒,并对其进行了形态学、理化学、血清学、动物感染试验、分子生物学鉴定。结果证明所分离的XJ株为1株CDV的强毒株。     

一株猪源盖塔病毒的分离鉴定及遗传演化分析

盖塔病毒（Getah virus,GETV）是一种人畜共患病毒,近年来在动物中的感染时有发生,监测其流行情况以及控制其传播对公共卫生方面至关重要。本研究对一猪场流产胎儿脾脏样品进行二代测序,与NCBI数据库比对后,发现该序列与GETV HNJZ-S2毒株的基因组高度相似。对组织样品进行无菌处理,接种至PK-15细胞,经连续传代培养和空斑纯化,获得一株能在PK-15细胞上稳定生长的分离物,命名为GETV-YL株,并对其进行电镜观察与遗传演化分析。电镜结果显示,病毒颗粒呈球状,直径约为70 nm,有囊膜,表面有甲病毒典型的纤突结构。遗传演化分析结果显示,GETV-YL基因组全长11 689bp,与GenBank中现有的30株GETV全基因组序列相似性为94.4%～99.8%,与中国猪源毒株HNJZ-S2序列相似性最高（99.8%）并处于同一分支。在本研究中,从感染的猪中检测并分离到了GETV,表明该地区应加强对该病毒在猪群中流行情况的监测,并对该地区的蚊子进行病原检测。     

猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

目的鉴定引起猪渗出性皮炎的病原,并分析猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,为临床用药提供依据。方法采集患渗出性皮炎的仔猪标本进行细菌分离培养,联合应用形态学检查、生理生化试验和PCR方法鉴定分离菌株,并进行致病性和药物敏感性试验。结果先后从病猪标本中分离鉴定获得PSA1、PSA2、PSA3和PSA4四株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中PSA1和PSA3分离株的致病性较强。药敏试验结果显示PSA1、PSA2和PSA3分离株为MRSA菌株,PSA4分离株为MSSA菌株。MRSA菌株对14种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药,尤其是对青霉素、链霉素、四环素、强力霉素、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星等6种抗菌药物的耐药率达100%。所有分离株对万古霉素与替考拉宁均敏感。结论合肥地区猪渗出性表皮炎的病原为金黄色葡萄球菌。猪源致病性金黄色葡萄球菌合肥分离株具有多重耐药性,治疗猪渗出性皮炎应建立在体外药敏试验的基础上,有针对性选择抗菌药物。     

安徽省猪圆环病毒2型毒株的分离与鉴定

目的从病原学角度了解安徽省猪群中PCV2的感染情况。方法PCR检测临床疑似PCV2感染的病料,阳性病料接种于PK15细胞中进行PCV2的分离和增殖,再经PCR检测、间接免疫荧光试验、电镜观察,以及ORF2基因序列分析等鉴定。结果9份临床病料中均扩增出630bp的PCV2特异性DNA片段,分离鉴定获得5株PCV2,分离毒株之间及其与27株国内外参考毒株之间的ORF2基因序列同源性在87.3%～99.8%。结论首次从病原学角度证实安徽省猪群中PCV2感染的普遍存在,分离毒株与国内外参考毒株的同源性均较高。     

1株虎源致病性肠球菌的分离鉴定及序列分析

从病死老虎肺脏中分离到1株肠球菌,并对该菌做了生理生化鉴定、药敏试验,致病性试验。本菌对多种抗生素高度耐药,对小白鼠有强致病性,其LD50为2.7×109.2cfu。并用PCR方法扩增分离菌株16S rDNA基因,获得1 415 bp片段,该片段核苷酸序列提交GenBank,登陆号为HM346186,将分离株的16S rDNA核苷酸序列与GenBank上其他肠球菌进行同源性分析。结果表明,分离株的16S rDNA核苷酸序列与肠球菌(EU285587)的同源性为100%,因此该分离菌株被鉴定为致病性肠球菌,命名为YN-1株(云南-1株)。     

一株猪葡萄球菌的分离鉴定、生物学特性研究及全基因组测序分析

【背景】2021年6月,广东省茂名市某散养户送检了一头发病仔猪,猪身上长有脓疱,四肢关节肿大,关节内可见脓液。【目的】确定引起仔猪发病的病原菌,分析其药物敏感性,为临床用药提供指导;对分离菌株进行全基因组序列分析,挖掘其毒力因子和耐药基因,揭示该菌致病和耐药的分子机制。【方法】取关节脓液分离细菌;通过革兰氏染色、16S rRNA基因和全基因组测序分析,鉴定细菌种类;通过溶血试验、血浆凝固酶试验和生长曲线测定,确定分离菌株的溶血活性、血浆凝固酶活性和生长特性;用小鼠感染模型评估分离菌株的致病性;用纸片扩散法测定分离菌株的药物敏感性;通过全基因组序列分析挖掘分离菌株的毒力因子和耐药基因。【结果】分离菌株被鉴定为猪葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus hyicus);该菌不溶血,无血浆凝固酶活性,在胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤培养基中于37℃、120r/min条件下生长良好;小鼠感染试验结果显示,该菌具有高致病性;药敏试验结果显示,该菌对苯唑西林、大观霉素等7种药物敏感,对青霉素G、红霉素等9种药物耐药;全基因组序列分析结果显示,该菌携带多个毒力因子和耐药基因。【结论】从发病仔猪的关节脓液中分离到一株猪葡萄球菌,可用苯唑西林、大观霉素等药物防控该菌感染;解析了该菌的基因组信息,为后续深入研究该菌致病和耐药的分子机制奠定了基础。     

湖北猪场猪细小病毒的首次分离与鉴定

猪细小病毒是引起初产母猪繁殖障碍的主要病因之一,许多国家从初产母猪的流产、死产及木乃伊化胎儿中分离到猪细小病毒。我们从湖北省某猪场的初产母猪流产、死产及木乃伊化胎儿中分离到两株病毒。研究表明,它们可在PK15,Hela、BHK及Vero传代细胞系和胎猪肾、婴兔肾等原代细胞上产生特征性的细胞病变:对豚鼠红血球有血凝作用;对脂溶性溶剂不敏感,对热和酸有较强的抗性:对胰蛋白酶处理不受影响。对DNA合成抑制剂5—FVDR敏感。电镜观察发现这两株病毒大小为20nm左右,呈球形。两株病毒能被标准的细小病毒阳性血清中和。回感豚鼠,成功地从死产胎儿胎盘中收获到该病毒。按照国际病毒学分类原则,我们将这两株病毒鉴定为猪细小病毒,填补了湖北猪细小病毒的研究空白。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒FX株的分离和鉴定

从自然发生的鸡肾病变型传染性支气管炎病例采集病死鸡肾脏为材料,通过接种9－11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔,进行病毒的分离和传代,分离到1株病毒（FX）,敏感鸡人工感染后出现呼吸症状,剖检病鸡时大我鸡肾肿大并有尿酸盐沉积,病毒能死鸡胚和产生侏儒胚;病毒能干扰鸡新城疫病毒LaSota株在鸡胚中增殖,病毒经电镜观察,其大小在80－120nm之间,囊膜外有纤,病毒经IBV单抗ELISA检测呈强阳性反应。研究结果初步表明,FX毒株为肾型IBV。     

Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the modified GP5m protein of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV),an alpha-herpesvirus,has been developed as a live viral vector for animal vaccines.However,the PRV recombinant virus TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),based on the PRV genetically depleted vaccine strain TK-/gE-/LacZ+,scarcely stimulated the vaccinated animals to produce neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV.To develop a booster-specific immune response of such PRV recombinants,the ORF5m gene (the modified ORF5 gene having better immune responses)was substituted for the ORF5 gene and introduced into PRV TK-/gE-/LacZ+,resulting in a PRV recombinant named TK-/gE-/GPSm+,which expressed the modified GPSm protein.The recombinant virus was confirmed using PCR,Southern blotting and Western blotting.TK-/gE-/GPSm+and TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing the authentic GP5 protein were inoculated into Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune responses.The results indicated that the protecting neutralization antibodies (the 3/6 vaccinated mice obtained 1:16)and cell immune responses induced by TK-/gE-/GPSm+against PRRSV were higher than that induced by TK-/gE-/GP5+.Thus,the development of the new PRV recombinant expressing the modified GP5m protein as a candidate vaccine established the basis for the study of bivalent genetic engineering vaccines against PRRSV and PRV.     

Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the modified GP5m protein of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alpha-herpesvirus, has been developed as a live viral vector for animal vaccines. However, the PRV recombinant virus TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5⁺ expressing GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), based on the PRV genetically depleted vaccine strain TK⁻/gE⁻/LacZ⁺, scarcely stimulated the vaccinated animals to produce neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV. To develop a booster-specific immune response of such PRV recombinants, the ORF5m gene (the modified ORF5 gene having better immune responses) was substituted for the ORF5 gene and introduced into PRV TK⁻/gE⁻/LacZ⁺, resulting in a PRV recombinant named TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5m⁺, which expressed the modified GP5m protein. The recombinant virus was confirmed using PCR, Southern blotting and Western blotting. TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5m⁺ and TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5⁺ expressing the authentic GP5 protein were inoculated into Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune responses. The results indicated that the protecting neutralization antibodies (the 3/6 vaccinated mice obtained 1:16) and cell immune responses induced by TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5m⁺ against PRRSV were higher than that induced by TK⁻/gE⁻/GP5⁺. Thus, the development of the new PRV recombinant expressing the modified GP5m protein as a candidate vaccine established the basis for the study of bivalent genetic engineering vaccines against PRRSV and PRV. Translated from Journal of Biotechnology, 2005, 21(6): 858–864 [译自: 生物工程学报]     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白重组伪狂犬病毒的构建及其生物学特性分析

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,PRRSV）CH-1a株GP5基因插入到伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies Virus,PRV）Bartha-K61株TK基因中,获得了一株TK^-／gE^-表型的重组伪狂犬病病毒,命名为rPRV—GP5。经生长动力学、表达动力学和间接免疫荧光证实PRRSV GP5在重组病毒中获得了表达,表达蛋白的抗原性与亲本病毒相似,rPRV-GP5在不同的细胞上毒价和细胞病变与Bartha—K61比较无显著差异。4只PRV抗体阴性的绵羊,每只接种10^6.0。PFU的rPRV-GP5可以完全抵抗10^3LD50伪狂犬病强毒S株的攻击。10头PRV、PRRSV抗体阴性的仔猪滴鼻接种rPRV-GP5 10^7.0 PFU／头并在接种后63d攻击PRRSV CH-1a株10^5.0 TCID50／头,攻毒后3d和5d出现了PRRSV荧光抗体和ELISA抗体,在政毒后14d检测到了PRRSV中和抗体,Bartha—K61活疫苗组和对照组至实验结束时仍未检测到PRRSV中和抗体。这说明rPRV-GP5免疫产生了针对PRRSV的回忆性免疫应答。     

红火蚁病原真菌分离鉴定及致病性研究

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是世界上最具破坏力和威胁性的入侵检疫害虫之一,对农林业生产安全、公共设施以及人体健康都造成了巨大影响。为筛选对红火蚁有致病性的病原真菌,本研究通过组织分离法对自然罹病的红火蚁进行致病菌分离,结合病原形态学及分子生物学的方法对病原真菌进行鉴定并采用喷雾法测定了病原真菌对红火蚁的致病力。结果表明：从罹病红火蚁上分离出3株病原真菌HHYSFJ01、HHYSFJ02和HHYSFJ05,分别为红绶曲霉Aspergillus nomius、淡紫拟青霉Purpureocillium lilacinum和球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana。致病性测定,这3株病原菌对红火蚁均具有较强的致病性,且3株病原菌致病性间差异显著。经1.0×10^8孢子/mL孢子悬浮液喷雾处理红火蚁10 d后,球孢白僵菌菌株HHYSFJ05的致病性最强,红火蚁工蚁的校正死亡率为84.71%,LT50为4.67 d;红绶曲霉菌株HHYSFJ01和淡紫拟青霉菌株HHYSFJ02次之,红火蚁工蚁的校正死亡率分别为78.82%和73.29%,LT50分别为4.99 d和5.20 d。     

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine (Thr) supplement on reproductive performance and immune function of the male mice challenged with pseudorabies virus (PRV). Kun-Ming male mice were assigned randomly to four groups with different Thr levels (0.70%, 0.88%, 1.10% and 1.30%). Half of the mice in each group were injected with PRV or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after 5 weeks’ adaptation to diets. The second experiment examined the effects of dietary Thr level on copulation rate, pregnancy rate and average number per litter of PRV- or PBS-challenged male mice that copulated with adult female mice on the 9th day post PRV challenge. Sperm quality and testosterone of mice were decreased after PRV infection, but this effect was attenuated by increasing Thr levels. Copulation and conception rates were increased with increasing Thr levels (P = 0.14), but litter size was not affected (P > 0.05). In the PBS and PRV groups, mice fed higher levels of Thr had increased immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM concentrations. The PRV-specific antibody level, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration in PRV groups enhanced with increasing Thr levels; however, there was no difference in PBS groups. Furthermore, higher toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 expressions in testis were observed by PRV challenge compared with PBS groups, and higher Thr supplement attenuated PRV-challenged induced the upregulation effect of TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA expression in testis (P < 0.05). These data suggest that higher Thr consumption was recommended in order to counteract the deleterious effects of virus invasion, possibly through the downregulated expression of TLRs, and thus to improve immunity and reproduction performance of male mice challenged with PRV.     

Isolation of a Loma salmonae variant: biological characteristics and host range

A Salvelinus -infecting variant of Loma salmonae , derived from naturally-infected Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by serial passage through brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis , has been isolated and amplified. Loma salmonae SV ( Salvelinus -variant) has a high preference for species of Salvelinus (brook trout and Arctic charr S. alpinus ) and low virulence and preference for species of Oncorhynchus (rainbow trout O. mykiss , Chinook salmon, cohoSalmon O. kisutch ) or Salmo (Atlantic salmon Salmo salar ). Although this variant of L. salmonae was different from the original, the differences do not justify describing it as a new species, although definitive determination is pending.     

A recombinant pseudorabies virus co-expressing capsid proteins precursor P1-2A of FMDV and VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus: a trivalent vaccine candidate

Pseudorabies (PR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and porcine parvovirus disease are three important infectious diseases in swine worldwide. The gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been used as a live-viral vector to develop multivalent genetic engineering vaccine. In this study, a recombinant PRV, which could co-express protein precursor P1-2A of FMDV and VP2 protein of PPV, was constructed using PRV TK⁻/gE⁻/LacZ⁺ mutant as the vector. After homologous recombination and plaque purification, recombinant virus PRV TK⁻/gE⁻/P1-2A-VP2 was acquired and identified. Immunogenicity, safety of the recombinant PRV and its protection against PRV were confirmed in a mouse model by indirect ELISA and serum neutralization test. The results show that the recombinant PRV is a candidate vaccine strain to develop a novel trivalent vaccine against PRV, FMDV and PPV in swine.     

Cytokine GM-CSF genetic adjuvant facilitates prophylactic DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus through enhanced immune responses

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) is an attractive adjuvant for a DNA vaccine on account of its ability to recruit antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the site of antigen synthesis as well as its ability to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). This study evaluated the utility of GM-CSF cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant for glycoprotein B (gB) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) in a murine model. The co-injection of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the levels of serum PrV-specific IgG with a 1.5-to 2-fold increase. Moreover, GM-CSF co-injection inhibited the production of IgG2a isotype. However, it enhanced production of an IgG1 isotype resulting in humoral responses biased to the Th2-type against PrV antigen. In contrast, the co-administration of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the T cell-mediated immunity biased to the Th1-type, as judged by the significantly higher level of cytokine IL-2 and IFN-gamma production but not IL-4. When challenged with a lethal dose of PrV, the GM-CSF co-injection enhanced the resistance against a PrV infection. This suggests that co-inoculation with a vector expressing GM-CSF enhanced the protective immunity against a PrV infection. This immunity was caused by the induction of increased humoral and cellular immunity in response to PrV antigen.     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP3基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征 (porcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndrome ,PRRS)是引起怀孕母猪早产、流产、死胎及仔猪呼吸系统疾病的一种新发现的病毒性传染病[1] .该病毒的基因组为单股正链RNA ,约15kb ,含有 8个开放阅读框架 (ORFs) ,ORF1编码病毒非结构蛋白 (依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶 ) ,ORF2 ORF7编码病毒的结构蛋白 .其中ORF3含有 2 6 5个氨基酸 ,编码的GP3蛋白为高度糖基化的结构蛋白 ,有 7个糖基化位点 ,具有免疫原性[2 ,3 ] .目前 ,用于预防PRRS的疫苗主要是弱毒苗和灭活苗 ,虽然都有一定的免疫效果 ,但由于PRRS抗体依赖性…     

共表达PCV2 ORF2和猪IL-18基因的重组猪伪狂犬病毒对小鼠的免疫原性

【目的】研制猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的二联活疫苗,并用猪IL-18作为免疫佐剂。【方法】将猪IL-18基因插入到质粒p GO中,获得的重组转移质粒p GO18与猪PRV弱毒HB98株DNA共转染ST细胞,并进行空斑筛选和纯化;RT-PCR和Western blot分别从转录和蛋白水平鉴定其表达情况。将重组病毒PGO18和PGO、PRV弱毒株HB98、PCV2灭活商品苗和1640细胞培养基分别免疫6周龄雌性昆明小鼠,4周后二次免疫,二免后4周用PCV2 DF强毒和PRV Min/A强毒接种小鼠。通过ELISA、血清中和试验和流式细胞术及攻毒保护试验评价重组病毒的免疫原性。【结果】获得了重组病毒PGO18,并且可在ST细胞内表达;PGO18可诱导小鼠机体产生PCV2的ELISA和PRV的中和抗体水平,刺激CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群的增殖,且能有效抵抗PCV2和PRV强毒攻击。【结论】IL-18基因可增强重组病毒的免疫效果,使重组病毒具有良好的免疫原性,有望成为防治PCV2和PRV的候选疫苗株。