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1.
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) layered nanostructures are known to have very stable crystal structures and high faradaic activity. The low electronic conductivity of V2O5 greatly limits the application of vanadium oxide as electrode materials and requires combining with conducting materials using binders. It is well known that the organic binders can degrade the overall performance of electrode materials and need carefully controlled compositions. In this study, we develop a simple method for preparing freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT)‐V2O5 nanowire (VNW) composite paper electrodes without using binders. Coin cell type (CR2032) supercapacitors are assembled using the nanocomposite paper electrode as the anode and high surface area carbon fiber electrode (Spectracarb 2225) as the cathode. The supercapacitor with CNT‐VNW composite paper electrode exhibits a power density of 5.26 kW Kg?1 and an energy density of 46.3 Wh Kg?1. (Li)VNWs and CNT composite paper electrodes can be fabricated in similar manner and show improved overall performance with a power density of 8.32 kW Kg?1 and an energy density of 65.9 Wh Kg?1. The power and energy density values suggest that such flexible hybrid nanocomposite paper electrodes may be useful for high performance electrochemical supercapacitors.  相似文献   

2.
The integration of graphene nanosheets on the macroscopic level using a self‐assembly method has been recognized as one of the most effective strategies to realize the practical applications of graphene materials. Here, a facile and scalable method is developed to synthesis two types of graphene‐based networks, manganese dioxide (MnO2)–graphene foam and carbon nanotube (CNT)–graphene foam, by solution casting and subsequent electrochemical methods. Their practical applications in flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors are explored. The proposed method facilitates the structural integration of graphene foam and the electroactive material and offers several advantages including simplicity, efficiency, low‐temperature, and low‐cost. The as‐prepared MnO2–graphene and CNT–graphene electrodes exhibit high specific capacitances and rate capability. By using polymer gel electrolytes, a flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor was synthesized with MnO2–graphene foam as the positive electrode and CNT‐graphene as the negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitors can be cycled reversibly in a high‐voltage region of 0 to 1.8 V and exhibit high energy density, remarkable rate capability, reasonable cycling performance, and excellent flexibility.  相似文献   

3.
The design and fabrication of high‐performance all‐plastic batteries is essentially important to achieve future flexible electronics. A major challenge in this field is the lack of stable and reliable soft organic electrodes with satisfactory performance. Here, a novel all‐plastic‐electrode based Li‐ion battery with a single flexible bi‐functional ladderized heterocyclic poly(quinone), (C6O2S2)n, as both cathode and anode is demonstrated. Benefiting from its unique ladder‐like quinone and dithioether structure, the as‐prepared polymer cathode shows a high energy density of 624 Wh kg?1 (vs lithium anode) and a stable battery life of 1000 cycles. Moreover, the as‐fabricated symmetric full‐battery delivers a large capacity of 249 mAh g?1 (at 20 mA g?1), a good capacity retention of 119 mAh g?1 after 250 cycles (at 1.0 A g?1) and a noteworthy energy density up to 276 Wh kg?1. The superior performance of poly(2,3‐dithiino‐1,4‐benzoquinone)‐based electrode rivals most of the state‐of‐the‐art demonstrations on organic‐based metal‐ion shuttling batteries. The study provides an effective strategy to develop stable bi‐functional electrode materials toward the next‐generation of high performance all‐plastic batteries.  相似文献   

4.
The symmetric batteries with an electrode material possessing dual cathodic and anodic properties are regarded as an ideal battery configuration because of their distinctive advantages over the asymmetric batteries in terms of fabrication process, cost, and safety concerns. However, the development of high‐performance symmetric batteries is highly challenging due to the limited availability of suitable symmetric electrode materials with such properties of highly reversible capacity. Herein, a triple‐hollow‐shell structured V2O5 (THS‐V2O5) symmetric electrode material with a reversible capacity of >400 mAh g?1 between 1.5 and 4.0 V and >600 mAh g?1 between 0.1 and 3.0 V, respectively, when used as the cathode and anode, is reported. The THS‐V2O5 electrodes assembled symmetric full lithium‐ion battery (LIB) exhibits a reversible capacity of ≈290 mAh g?1 between 2 and 4.0 V, the best performed symmetric energy storage systems reported to date. The unique triple‐shell structured electrode makes the symmetric LIB possessing very high initial coulombic efficiency (94.2%), outstanding cycling stability (with 94% capacity retained after 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance (over 140 mAh g?1 at 1000 mA g?1). The demonstrated approach in this work leaps forward the symmetric LIB performance and paves a way to develop high‐performance symmetric battery electrode materials.  相似文献   

5.
A three‐component, flexible electrode is developed for supercapacitors over graphitized carbon fabric, utilizing γ‐MnO2 nanoflowers anchored onto carbon nanotubes (γ‐MnO2/CNT) as spacers for graphene nanosheets (GNs). The three‐component, composite electrode doubles the specific capacitance with respect to GN‐only electrodes, giving the highest‐reported specific capacitance (308 F g?1) for symmetric supercapacitors containing MnO2 and GNs using a two‐electrode configuration, at a scan rate of 20 mV s?1. A maximum energy density of 43 W h kg?1 is obtained for our symmetric supercapacitors at a constant discharge‐current density of 2.5 A g?1 using GN–(γ‐MnO2/CNT)‐nanocomposite electrodes. The fabricated supercapacitor device exhibits an excellent cycle life by retaining ≈90% of the initial specific capacitance after 5000 cycles.  相似文献   

6.
Advanced electrode materials with bendability and stretchability are critical for the rapid development of fully flexible/stretchable lithium‐ion batteries. However, the sufficiently stretchable lithium‐ion battery is still underdeveloped that is one of the biggest challenges preventing from realizing fully deformable power sources. Here, a low‐temperature hydrothermal synthesis of a cathode material for stretchable lithium‐ion battery is reported by the in situ growth of LiMn2O4 (LMO) nanocrystals inside 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) film networks. The LMO/CNT film composite has demonstrated the chemical bonding between the LMO active materials and CNT scaffolds, which is the most important characteristic of the stretchable electrodes. When coupled with a wrinkled MnOx /CNT film anode, a binder‐free, all‐manganese‐based stretchable full battery cell is assembled which delivers a high average specific capacity of ≈97 mA h g?1 and stabilizes after over 300 cycles with an enormous strain of 100%. Furthermore, combining with other merits such as low cost, natural abundance, and environmentally friendly, the all‐manganese design is expected to accelerate the practical applications of stretchable lithium‐ion batteries for fully flexible and biomedical electronics.  相似文献   

7.
Developing a titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐based anode with superior high‐rate capability and long‐term cycling stability is important for efficient energy storage. Herein, a simple one‐step approach for fabricating blue TiO2 nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies is reported. Oxygen vacancies can enlarge lattice spaces, lower charge transfer resistance, and provide more active sites in TiO2 lattices. As a result, this blue TiO2 electrode exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 50 mAh g?1 at 100 C (16 800 mA g?1) even after 10 000 cycles, which is attributable to the combination of surface capacitive process and remarkable diffusion‐controlled insertion revealed by the kinetic analysis. The strategy of employing oxygen‐deficient nanoparticles may be extended to the design of other robust semiconductor materials as electrodes for energy storage.  相似文献   

8.
Early demonstrations of wearable devices have driven interest in flexible lithium‐ion batteries. Previous demonstrations of flexible lithium‐ion batteries trade off between low areal capacity, poor mechanical flexibility and/or high thickness of inactive components. Here, a reinforced electrode design is used to support the active layers of the battery and a freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT) layer is used as the current collector. The supported architecture helps to increase the areal capacity (mAh cm‐2) of the battery and improve the tensile strength and mechanical flexibility of the electrodes. Batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide and lithium titanate oxide shows excellent electrochemical and mechanical performance. The battery has an areal capacity of ≈1 mAh cm‐2 and a capacity retention of around 94% after cycling the battery for 450 cycles at a C/2 rate. The reinforced electrode has a tensile strength of ≈5.5–7.0 MPa and shows excellent capacity retention after repeatedly flexing to a bending radius ranging from 45 to 10 mm. The relationships between mechanical flexing, electrochemical performance, and mechanical integrity of the battery are studied using electrochemical cycling, electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).  相似文献   

9.
The synthesis of in situ polymer‐functionalized anatase TiO2 particles using an anchoring block copolymer with hydroxamate as coordinating species is reported, which yields nanoparticles (≈11 nm) in multigram scale. Thermal annealing converts the polymer brushes into a uniform and homogeneous carbon coating as proven by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The strong impact of particle size as well as carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of anatase TiO2 is demonstrated. Downsizing the particles leads to higher reversible uptake/release of sodium cations per formula unit TiO2 (e.g., 0.72 eq. Na+ (11 nm) vs only 0.56 eq. Na+ (40 nm)) while the carbon coating improves rate performance. The combination of small particle size and homogeneous carbon coating allows for the excellent electrochemical performance of anatase TiO2 at high (134 mAh g?1 at 10 C (3.35 A g?1)) and low (≈227 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C) current rates, high cycling stability (full capacity retention between 2nd and 300th cycle at 1 C) and improved coulombic efficiency (≈99.8%).  相似文献   

10.
With the development of flexible electronics, flexible lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have received great attention. Previously, almost all reported flexible components had shortcomings related to poor mechanical flexibility, low energy density, and poor safety, which led to the failure of scalable applications. This study demonstrates a fully flexible lithium ion battery using LiCoO2 as the cathode, Li4Ti5O12 as the anode, and graphene film as the flexible current collector. The graphene oxide modified gel polymer electrolyte exhibits higher ionic conductivity than a conventional liquid electrolyte and improves the safety of the flexible battery. The optimum design of the flexible graphene battery exhibits super electrochemical performance, with a 2.3 V output voltage plateau and a satisfactory capacity of 143.0 mAh g?1 at 1 C. The mass energy density and power density are both ≈1.4 times higher than a standard electrode using metal foils as current collectors. No capacity loss is observed after 100 thousand cycles of mechanical bending. More importantly, even in the clipping state, this flexible gel polymer battery can still demonstrate a stable and safe electrochemical performance. This work may lead to a promising strategy of high‐performance scalable LIBs for the next‐generation flexible electronics.  相似文献   

11.
Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted increasing attention for grid‐scale energy storage due to the abundance of potassium resources, low cost, and competitive energy density. The key challenge for KIBs is to develop high‐performance electrode materials. However, the exploration of high‐capacity and ultrastable electrodes for KIBs remains challenging because of the sluggish diffusion kinetics of K+ ions during the charging/discharging processes. This study reports for the first time a facile ion‐intercalation‐mediated exfoliation method with Mg2+ cations and NO3 anions as ion assistants for the fabrication of expanded few‐layered ternary Ta2NiSe5 (EF‐TNS) flakes with interlayer spacing up to 1.1 nm and abundant Se sites (NiSe4 tetrahedra/TaSe6 octahedra clusters) for superior potassium‐ion storage. The EF‐TNS deliver a high capacity of 315 mAh g–1, excellent rate capability (121 mAh g–1 at a current density of 1000 mA g–1), and ultrastable cycling performance (81.4% capacity retention after 1100 cycles). Detailed theoretical analysis via first‐principles calculations and experimental results elucidate that K+ ions intercalate through the expanded interlayers effectively and prefer to transport along zigzag pathways in layered Ta2NiSe5. This work provides a new avenue for designing novel ternary intercalation/pseudocapacitance‐type KIBs with high capacity, excellent rate capability, and superior long‐term cycling performance.  相似文献   

12.
As the theoretical limit of intercalation material‐based lithium‐ion batteries is approached, alternative chemistries based on conversion reactions are presently considered. The conversion of sulfur is particularly appealing as it is associated with a theoretical gravimetric energy density up to 2510 Wh kg?1. In this paper, three different carbon‐iron disulfide‐sulfur (C‐FeS2‐S) composites are proposed as alternative positive electrode materials for all‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries. These are synthesized through a facile, low‐cost, single‐step ball‐milling procedure. It is found that the crystalline structure (evaluated by X‐ray diffraction) and the morphology of the composites (evaluated by scanning electron microscopy) are greatly influenced by the FeS2:S ratio. Li/LiI‐Li3PS4/C‐FeS2‐S solid‐state cells are tested under galvanostatic conditions, while differential capacity plots are used to discuss the peculiar electrochemical features of these novel materials. These cells deliver capacities as high as 1200 mAh g(FeS2+S)?1 at the intermediate loading of 1 mg cm?2 (1.2 mAh cm?2), and up to 3.55 mAh cm?2 for active material loadings as high as 5 mg cm?2 at 20 °C. Such an excellent performance, rarely reported for (sulfur/metal sulfide)‐based, all solid‐state cells, makes these composites highly promising for real application where high positive electrode loadings are required.  相似文献   

13.
A low‐temperature solution‐processed strategy is critical for cost‐effective manufacture of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Based on an aqueous‐processed TiO2 layer, and conventional fullerene derivatives replaced by a pristine fullerene interlayer of C60, herein a facile interface engineering for making all‐solution‐processed TiO2/C60 layers in flexible n‐i‐p PSCs is reported. Due to the improvement of the perovskite grain quality, promotion of interfacial charge transfer and suppression of interfacial charge recombination, the stabilized power conversion efficiency for the flexible PSCs reaches as high as 16% with high bending resistance retention (≈80% after 1500 cycles) and high light‐soaking retention (≈100% after 100 min). In addition, the stabilized efficiency is over 19% for the rigid TiO2/C60‐based PSCs. The present work with the facile low‐temperature solution process renders the practicability for high‐performance flexible PSCs applied to wearable devices, portable equipment, and electric vehicles.  相似文献   

14.
Herein, a two‐species redox reaction of Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) incorporated in cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoFe(CN)6) is proposed as a breakthrough to achieve jointly high‐capacity and high‐voltage aqueous Zn‐ion battery. The Zn/CoFe(CN)6 battery provides a highly operational voltage plateau of 1.75 V (vs metallic Zn) and a high capacity of 173.4 mAh g?1 at current density of 0.3 A g?1, taking advantage of the two‐species redox reaction of Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) couples. Even under extremely fast charge/discharge rate of 6 A g?1, the battery delivers a sufficiently high discharge capacity of 109.5 mAh g?1 with its 3D opened structure framework. This is the highest capacity delivered among all the batteries using Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) cathode up to now. Furthermore, Zn/CoFe(CN)6 battery achieves an excellent cycling performance of 2200 cycles without any capacity decay at coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. One further step, a sol–gel transition strategy for hydrogel electrolyte is developed to construct high‐performance flexible cable‐type battery. With the strategy, the active materials can adequately contact with electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical performance (≈18.73% capacity increase) and mechanical robustness of the solid‐state device. It is believed that this study optimizes electrodes by incorporating multi redox reaction species for high‐voltage and high‐capacity batteries.  相似文献   

15.
A flexible and free‐standing porous carbon nanofibers/selenium composite electrode (Se@PCNFs) is prepared by infiltrating Se into mesoporous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs). The porous carbon with optimized mesopores for accommodating Se can synergistically suppress the active material dissolution and provide mechanical stability needed for the film. The Se@PCNFs electrode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance for both Li‐ion and Na‐ion storage. In the case of Li‐ion storage, it delivers a reversible capacity of 516 mAh g?1 after 900 cycles without any capacity loss at 0.5 A g?1. Se@PCNFs still delivers a reversible capacity of 306 mAh g?1 at 4 A g?1. While being used in Na‐Se batteries, the composite electrode maintains a reversible capacity of 520 mAh g?1 after 80 cycles at 0.05 A g?1 and a rate capability of 230 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1. The high capacity, good cyclability, and rate capability are attributed to synergistic effects of the uniform distribution of Se in PCNFs and the 3D interconnected PCNFs framework, which could alleviate the shuttle reaction of polyselenides intermediates during cycling and maintain the perfect electrical conductivity throughout the electrode. By rational and delicate design, this type of self‐supported electrodes may hold great promise for the development of Li‐Se and Na‐Se batteries with high power and energy densities.  相似文献   

16.
Orthorhombic α‐MoO3 is a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 1100 mAh g?1 and excellent structural stability. However, its intrinsic poor electronic conductivity and high volume expansion during the charge–discharge process impede it from achieving a high practical capacity. A novel composite of α‐MoO3 nanobelts and single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) is synthesized by a facile microwave hydrothermal technique and demonstrated as a high‐performance anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The α‐MoO3/SWCNH composite displays superior electrochemical properties (654 mAh g?1 at 1 C), excellent rate capability (275 mAh g?1 at 5 C), and outstanding cycle life (capacity retention of >99% after 3000 cycles at 1 C) without any cracking of the electrode. The presence of SWCNHs in the composite enhances the electrochemical properties of α‐MoO3 by acting as a lithium storage material, electronic conductive medium, and buffer against pulverization.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the satisfactory advancement in preparing TiO2‐based hybrid structures, most methods rely on additional template‐based multistep reactions for engineering the given structure. Herein, a unique self‐template and in situ recrystallization strategy is explored to synthesize uniform flowerlike multicompositional structures of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheet networks immobilizing TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2∩NPCSs) via a self‐prepared single precursor and subsequent thermal treatment. Depending on the unique coordination ability of 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid with metal ions under alkaline conditions to form a flowerlike network, a self‐produced single precursor can be achieved. Careful investigations of the self‐prepared precursor reveal a high practicability of the present synthetic scheme. Because of the novel structural and compositional features, these TiO2∩NCSN flowers indicate superior sodium storage properties when evaluated as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. Impressively, the TiO2∩NCSN flowers deliver high reversible capacities of 152 mAh g?1 at 2C for 3000 cycles and 114 mAh g?1 at 10C for 10000 cycles, as well as an ultrahigh rate capability up to 50C with a capacity of 101 mAh g?1. The facile method could stimulate further capability in precise construction of complex architectures with complicated compositions for different device applications.  相似文献   

18.
Metal phosphides are promising anode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high specific capacity and low operating potential but suffer from poor cycling stability caused by huge volume expansion and poor solid‐state ion transfer rate. Herein, a new strategy to grow a new class of mesoporous metal phosphide nanoarrays on carbon felt (CF) as binder‐free anodes for SIBs is reported. The resultant integrated electrodes demonstrate excellent cycling life up to 1000 times (>90% retention rate) and high rate capability of 535 mAh g?1 at a current density of 4 A g?1. Detailed characterization reveals that the synergistic effect of unique mesoporous structure for accommodating huge volume expansion during sodiation/desodiation process, ultrasmall primary particle size (≈10 nm) for providing larger electrode/electrolyte contact area and shorter ion diffusion distance, and 3D conductive networks for facilitating the electrochemical reaction, leads to the extraordinary battery performance. Remarkably, a full SIB using the new CoP4/CF anode and a Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode delivers an average operating voltage of ≈3.0 V, a reversible capacity of 553 mAh g?1, and very high energy density of ≈280 Wh kg?1 for SIBs. A flexible SIB with outstanding mechanical strength based on this binder‐free new anode is also demonstrated.  相似文献   

19.
A challenge still remains to develop high‐performance and cost‐effective air electrode for Li‐O2 batteries with high capacity, enhanced rate capability and long cycle life (100 times or above) despite recent advances in this field. In this work, a new design of binder‐free air electrode composed of three‐dimensional (3D) graphene (G) and flower‐like δ‐MnO2 (3D‐G‐MnO2) has been proposed. In this design, graphene and δ‐MnO2 grow directly on the skeleton of Ni foam that inherits the interconnected 3D scaffold of Ni foam. Li‐O2 batteries with 3D‐G‐MnO2 electrode can yield a high discharge capacity of 3660 mAh g?1 at 0.083 mA cm?2. The battery can sustain 132 cycles at a capacity of 492 mAh g?1 (1000 mAh gcarbon ?1) with low overpotentials under a high current density of 0.333 mA cm?2. A high average energy density of 1350 Wh Kg?1 is maintained over 110 cycles at this high current density. The excellent catalytic activity of 3D‐G‐MnO2 makes it an attractive air electrode for high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries.  相似文献   

20.
Titanium niobium oxide (TiNb2O7) has been recognized as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in view of its potential to operate at high rates with improved safety and high theoretical capacity of 387 mAh g?1. However, it suffers from poor Li+ ion diffusivity and low electronic conductivity originated from its wide band gap energy (Eg > 2 eV). Here, porous TiNb2O7 microspheres (PTNO MSs) are prepared via a facile solvothermal reaction. PTNO MSs have a particle size of ≈1.2 μm and controllable pore sizes in the range of 5–35 nm. Ammonia gas nitridation treatment is conducted on PTNO MSs to introduce conducting Ti1?xNbxN layer on the surface and form nitridated PTNO (NPTNO) MSs. The porous structure and conducting Ti1?xNbxN layer enhance the transport kinetics associated with Li+ ions and electrons, which leads to significant improvement in electrochemical performance. As a result, the NPTNO electrode shows a high discharge capacity of ≈265 mAh g?1, remarkable rate capability (≈143 mAh g?1 at 100 C) and durable long‐term cyclability (≈91% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 5 C). These results demonstrate the great potential of TiNb2O7 as a practical high‐rate anode material for LIBs.  相似文献   

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