国际细胞研究组织举办植物组织培养方法在农业上应用进修班

国际细胞研究组织(ICRO)是联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)的一个机构,于1962年6月在巴黎举行的组织会议上决定设立的,它的任务是促进有关细胞方面的研究工作,并规划国际的或地区的研究工作的方案。该组织曾邀请各国的积极从事细胞研究工作的著名科学家来参加这项工作。到1978年2月止,已拥有来自40个国家约400名成员。     

世界保护监测中心简介

世界保护监测中心(WCMC)是一个旨在为全球或区域性的自然保护和持续发展提供有效信息的、独立的非政府组织。该中心于1988年由国际自然与自然资源保护联盟(IUCN)、世界自然基金会(WWF)和联合国环境规划署(UNEP)联合建立。其总部设在英国剑桥。     

国内外干酪标准对比分析及我国干酪安全标准修订建议

目的：分析和比较国际食品法典委员会、中国、欧盟、美国、加拿大、韩国、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家和地区干酪相关法规和标准等管理规定,为我国干酪标准的修订提供参考。方法：收集和整理相关国际组织、国家和地区干酪的法规和标准,分析由干酪引起的食源性疾病资料,通过资料分析和数据分析的方法,对我国现行标准中的指标设置进行研究。结果：总结并分析了我国和相关国际组织、国家和地区在干酪管理规定及指标设置上的异同,提出了干酪标准修订建议。结论：建议我国干酪标准修订应优先考虑定义、微生物限量指标、理化指标以及标签标识等内容。     

推动中国企业参与《生物多样性公约》全球伙伴关系的机制建设

党的十九大首次提出了中国要成为全球生态文明建设引领者的新要求。生物多样性保护是中国生态文明建设和全球生态文明建设的重要内容, 也是构建人与自然生命共同体、人类命运共同体、清洁美丽世界的集中体现。本文系统总结了推动《生物多样性公约》倡导的“企业与生物多样性全球伙伴关系” (GPBB)的主要国际经验, 提出了中国推动落实“中国企业与生物多样性伙伴关系”倡议(简称CBBP)的政策建议, 为中国政府更好地引导企业参与, 撬动社会资源合力加强生物多样性保护提供参考。通过分析德国、印度、加拿大、秘鲁、澳大利亚、南非、日本和韩国构建企业参与GPBB的实践, 发现各国经验主要有以下特点: (1)政府作用重要且方式多样, 或提供管理、或提供资金或实物等; (2)组织方式多样, 常见的为组建跨部门的决策机构并下设秘书组; (3)成员加入, 一般需要签署协约, 有的偏重特定行业, 有的重视机构会员; (4)在服务上, 政府一般提供法律政策解读、知识信息传播、政策指引等服务; (5)在资金来源上, 有的主要靠缴纳会费, 有的包括实物捐赠、志愿服务、PPP (公私合营)项目合作等方式。各国经验的主要启示有: (1)根据论坛会议沟通和实际工作交流, 大量企业表现出参与生物多样性伙伴关系倡议的积极意愿; (2)推动企业参与的国际资源网络已基本建立; (3)受限于规模和资金, 绝大多数企业的参与需要本国政府更为有力的引导和支持。2015年, 中国正式加入GPBB。截至目前, 虽然中国已开展了许多推动GPBB的相关工作, 但仍然存在和面临许多问题与挑战: (1)由于中国倡议CBBP相关文件仍未通过审批, 因此, 尽管根据调研已有许多企业非常有意愿成为中国伙伴关系成员单位, 但仍无章可循, 无法加入; (2)中国尚未建立健全的推动CBBP倡议行动的组织模式和资金机制; (3)《生物多样性公约》第15次缔约方大会将于2020年在北京召开, 这对中国在促进CBBP的管理运行也提出更高和更为紧迫的要求。对此, 本文建议CBBP倡议可实施“两步走”战略: (1)成立并发起CBBP联盟倡议; (2)加大国际公约建设和国家履约谈判支持。     

植物荟萃世博园：记中国‘99昆明世界园艺博览会

由中国政府主办云南省政府承办的“中国’９９昆明世界园艺博览会”于１９９９年５月１日至１０月３１日在昆明召开。有来自６９个国家和２６个国际组织参展,其中有３４个国家和国际组织及全国３１个省（区）、市和香港、澳门、台湾在世博园内建立了各具特色的园林景观。本届世博会是世界各国园林园艺精品、奇花异草的大联展,也是以增进各国相互交流、集文化成就与科技成果于一体的规模最大的Ａ１级专业国际博览会。此次世博会以“人与自然———迈向二十一世纪”为主题,围绕主题还举办了多次国际科技学术交流活动和专题展览活动。世博会…     

建立全球陆地生态系统监测网络的重要步骤——全球监测网络研讨会简介

全球监测网络研讨会(GlobalMonitoringNetworkWorkshop)于1992年7月27-31日在法国巴黎南郊的Ury召开。来自17个国家的有关网络和国际组织的代表共50名学者出席了会议。这是世界上已经建立的监测陆地生态系统变化的各个网络和有关国际组织及国际合作项目代表的首次聚会,是国际社会为建立全球性监测陆地生态系统变化(包括环境、土地利用和生物多样性的变化)网络而采取的一个重要步骤。     

陕西太白山国家级自然保护区GEF项目进展顺利

保护生物多样性既是保护地球上一切生物资源及人类生存环境,又是经济持续发展的基础。国际“全球环境基金”组织(简称GEF)首次将我国五个具有国际意义的自然保护区(西双版纳、神龙架、鄱阳湖、武夷山国家级自然保护区及秦岭自然保护区群)列入生物多样性保护赠款项目。1995年2月经GEF理事会批准,向我国提供     

热带水稻和豆科作物病毒病国际讨论会简介

(一)会议概况: 热带水稻和豆科作物病毒病国际讨论会于1985年10月1—5日在日本筑波热带农业研究中心(TARC)举行。会议由TARC总所长Ken-Ichi Hayashi博士筹集召开。会议主席由各国主要代表轮流担任。来自19个国家和有关国际研究机构的156人参加了讨论会。有30名代表在全体会议上作了报告,依次为:     

第四届世界国家公园和保护区会议简介

每10年一次的第四届世界国家公园和保护区会议,于1992年2月10日—21日在委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯召开,出席会议的有来自世界130多个国家和地区1800多人,收到论文近千篇,盛况空前。委内瑞拉总统佩雷斯在开幕式上作了“政治和保护区”的报告,各有关国际组织就保护区与农村的发展、保护区在保护生物多样性的作用、如何提高保护区在社会持续发展和公众利益的作用、21世纪国家公园事业的展望等发言。在全体会议上,就90年代的保护区、扩大保护工作的伙伴、保护区对社会持续发展的贡献等几个     

自然保护地绿色名录: 内容、进展及为中国自然保护地带来的机遇和挑战

<正>自然保护地(protected area)是几乎所有国家和国际生物多样性保护战略的核心部分,受到各国政府和生物多样性公约等国际机构的重视。自然保护地的良好管理决定着生物多样性和重要生态系统服务保护目标的实现,其成果不仅能够惠及每一个人,还关系到地球上的全部生命。世界上很多国家和地区的自然保护地在管理方面已经达到优秀的水平,但还有大量自然保护地在保护资源和有效管理方面有待提高。为了通过一个相对简单的激励机制来有效推动自然保护地管理水平的提升,世界自     

Evaluation of the Q-method as a method of public participation in the selection of sustainable development indicators

The complexity of sustainable development means that it is often difficult to evaluate and communicate the concept effectively. One standard method to reduce complexity and improve communication, while maintaining scientific objectivity, is to use selected indicators. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate a process of public participation in the selection of sustainable development indicators that utilised the Q-method for discourse analysis. The Q-method was utilised to combine public opinion with technical expertise to create a list of technically robust indicators that would be relevant to the public. The method comprises statement collection, statement analysis, Q-sorts and Q-sort analysis. The results of the Q-method generated a list of statements for which a preliminary list of indicators was then developed by a team of experts from the fields of environmental science, sustainable development and psychology. Subsequently members of the public evaluated the preliminary list of indicators, to select a final list of indicators that were both technically sound and incorporated the views of the public. The utilisation of the Q-method in this process was evaluated using previously published criteria. The application of the Q-method in this context needs to be considered not only by the quality of the indicators developed, but also from the perspective of the benefit of the process to the participants. It was concluded that the Q-method provided an effective framework for public participation in the selection of indicators as it allowed the public to discuss sustainable development in familiar language and in the context of their daily lives. By combining this information with expert input, a list of technically robust indicators that resonate with the public was developed. The results demonstrated that many citizens are not aware of sustainable development, and if it is to be successfully communicated to them, then indicators and policy need to be couched in terms familiar and relevant to citizen and communities.     

生物技术生产丁酸的研究进展

丁酸作为一种重要的化工原料,已经广泛应用于食品添加剂与医药等领域。目前,工业上生产丁酸主要是从石油中提取有机化合物进行化学合成。与有机化合物合成法相比,微生物发酵产丁酸的优势有：所用的原料来源非常广,发酵过程低能耗,不污染环境,而且可以持续添加原料发酵生产丁酸。因此,通过生物技术发酵生产丁酸越来越受到人们的重视。介绍了丁酸的性质、产丁酸菌株的特点、微生物发酵产丁酸的细胞代谢途径及其调控、发酵法生产丁酸的工艺运行方式和产丁酸菌株及其代谢产物的生理功能这五部分内容,以期为今后开展发酵法产丁酸的微生物基因工程改造以及生产工艺的优化提供参考。     

Addressing the Grand Challenge of atmospheric carbon dioxide: geologic sequestration vs. biological recycling

On February 15, 2008, the National Academy of Engineering unveiled their list of 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering. Building off of tremendous advancements in the past century, these challenges were selected for their role in assuring a sustainable existence for the rapidly increasing global community. It is no accident that the first five Challenges on the list involve the development of sustainable energy sources and management of environmental resources. While the focus of this review is to address the single Grand Challenge of "develop carbon sequestration methods", is will soon be clear that several other Challenges are intrinsically tied to it through the principles of sustainability. How does the realm of biological engineering play a role in addressing these Grand Challenges?     

Effect on prescribing of the limited list in a computerised group practice.

The prescribing of drugs in the therapeutic classes that are affected by the government''s limited list was investigated in a computerised group practice of just over 3,000 patients. Prescribable drugs in categories that are affected by the list were identified for two consecutive six month periods before and one six month period after the introduction of the list. A significant decrease in the prescribing of cough and cold remedies, vitamins, and antacids occurred after the list was introduced, whereas no change occurred in the prescribing of laxatives, benzodiazepines, or analgesics. The prescribing of iron and penicillin increased significantly after the list was introduced, whereas the use of H2 antagonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs showed no significant change.     

广西国家级保护植物迁地保护研究

分布于广西的第一批国家珍稀濒危保护植物共１２３种．用迁地保存方法,引种栽培其中的１０２种,占广西分布种类总数的８２．９２％。对其中的３３种进行了播种繁殖和２１种的扦插繁殖试验,已成功地繁殖出一批苗木。对引种植物进行了物候期记录和生长量测定,并观察了引种植物的适应性。另外还引种保存区外产的国家保护植物４１种。现已初步建成面积１．３３公顷的广西珍稀濒危植物种质资源园。     

Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators

We analyze 17 studies of the use of urban sustainable development indicators (SDI) in developed western countries. The analysis reveals a lack of consensus not only on the conceptual framework and the approach favored, but also on the selection and optimal number of indicators. First, by performing different classifications and categorizations of SDI we identify problems inherent in territorial practices that use SDI. Second, we argue that the lack of consensus in several steps of the creation of SDI stems notably from the ambiguity in the definitions of sustainable development, objectives for the use of such indicators, the selection method and the accessibility of qualitative and quantitative data. Third, based on the reviewed studies, we propose a selection strategy for SDI through which we demonstrate the need to adopt a parsimonious list of SDI covering the sustainable development components and their constituent categories as broadly as possible while minimizing the number of indicators retained.     

Integrating hardware, software and mindware for sustainable ecosystem development: Principles and methods of ecological engineering in China

Grounded in human ecological philosophy, ecological engineering in China seeks to find an alternative way to realize sustainable development at ecosystem level through total metabolism of resources, systematic coupling of technologies and cultivation of people's behavior. Here the key is integration of ‘hardware’, ‘software’ and ‘mindware’. Eight design principles of ecological engineering based on eco-cybernetics are discussed, which fall into three categories: competition, symbiosis and self-reliance. The fundamental tasks of ecological engineering are to develop a sustainable ecosystem through the integrative planning of its structure, function and processes by encouraging totally functioning technology, systematically responsible institutions and ecologically vivid culture. A campaign of ecological engineering development in China is introduced, including 29 national comprehensive experimental communities for sustainable development, 51 pilot studies of eco-county development, and 100 ecological demonstration districts. Some fruitful theoretical and applied results have been gained and the case of Dafeng eco-county development is introduced.     

生物炼制——实现可持续发展的新型工业模式

当前社会经济的可持续发展正面临着能源资源短缺、生态环境恶化的空前挑战。以可再生的生物质资源替代不可再生的化石资源、实现工业模式从石油炼制向生物炼制的根本转变,是转变经济增长模式、保障社会经济可持续发展的重大战略需求。对生物炼制这一新型工业模式进行了简单介绍。     

模糊两阶段优化方法应用于东营市生态系统规划

东营市经济主要以石油化工产业为主,其占据大量的土地资源,产生大量污染物,对于当地的生态系统可持续发展产生了极大的负面影响。土地交易机制是一种有效的规划方法,其可促进土地的使用价值从低向高转变。在实际的生态系统管理规划中,由于不可避免的误差、数据缺失而使输入参数具有不确定性,这将使确定的优化方法受到限制。将采用模糊两阶段优化方法处理系统中的模糊和随机不确定信息;同时将交易机制引入到区域生态系统规划中,通过对交易模式和不交易模式的对比,得到两种模式下的土地交易量、生态服务价值以及工业污染物排放量等。结果表明交易模式适合当前东营市生态系统的可持续发展战略;方法的提出可作为分析和处理系统中不确定性的一种有效的工具。此外,定量分析能够帮助决策者更深入的分析生态服务价值和经济效益之间的关系。本研究通过区域生态系统的土地交易机制,探索可持续发展途径,为当地的经济、生态发展提供可行性建议。     

Chronology of Phytoparasitic Fungi Introduced to Germany and Adjacent Countries

A chronologically arranged list of 59 taxa of phytoparasitic micromycetes, introduced to Germany after 1750, is presented. Another list enumerates 15 fungal taxa which have been introduced to other parts of Europe but may be expected in Germany, too. Most of the enumerated newcomers are members of the orders Pucciniales and Erysiphales. The new terms archaeomycete, neomycete, and ephemeromycete are proposed.