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1.
目的了解恶性血液病患者袭性真菌感染的发生率及危险因素,为重症患者的真菌感染防治提供依据。方法回顾性调查2013年1月至12月期间的495例恶性血液病住院患者资料,用卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析等统计方法分析侵袭性真菌感染的危险因素。结果 16.4%(81/495)的患者发生侵袭性真菌感染,其中急性白血病、慢性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤患者的真菌感染发生率分别为31.1%(66/212)、0.0%(0/19)、31.2%(5/16)、4.8%(10/207)和0.0%(0/41)。外周血白细胞计数低值≤1.0E+9/L、粒细胞缺少时间≥8天、使用糖皮质激素及抗生素使用种类≥3种是恶性血液病患者侵袭性真菌感染的独立危险因素,预防性使用抗真菌药物是独立保护因素(OR值分别为15.830、41.667、3.745、8.264及39.085,P值分别为0.000、0.011、0.035、0.007及0.000)。结论合理使用抗生素和糖皮质激素、在粒细胞缺少时间较长病例中及时使用集落刺激因子、抗真菌药或重建微生态是防治恶性血液病患者真菌感染的必要措施。  相似文献   

2.
目的:分析糖尿病合并侵袭性肺真菌感染(IPFI)的危险因素及预后。方法:选取我院收治的糖尿病合并IPFI患者51例作为观察组,选取同期收治的糖尿病未合并IPFI患者49例作为对照组,对两组资料进行回顾性分析,通过多因素Logistic回归分析侵袭性肺真菌感染的危险因素。结果:白蛋白、血红蛋白、住院时间、广谱抗生素使用时间、体内保留导管、有创机械通气、长期糖皮质激素使用均是侵袭肺真菌感染的危险因素,有统计学意义(P0.05)。对单因素相关分析结果进行筛选,选择P0.05者,进行多因素Logistic回归分析,根据向后剔除法筛选变量,结果显示,低蛋白血症、贫血、长期使用广谱抗生素、有创机械通气均是侵袭性肺部真菌感染的独立危险因素,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病合并侵袭性肺真菌感染的危险因素较多,预后较差,因此需要有针对性的预防工作和适宜的处理方法。  相似文献   

3.
侵袭性真菌感染的分子诊断现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来陧袭性真菌感染的发病率不断升高,侵袭性真菌感染的早期、准确诊断对于合理选用抗真菌药物,提高抗真菌疗效至关重要:另外,及时诊断侵袭性真菌感染可以减少经验性抗真菌治疗,降低抗真菌药物的选择性压力,  相似文献   

4.
糖皮质激素(激素)是诱发真菌感染、特别是机会性真菌感染重要的因素,可通过抑制免疫反应的多个环节而影响真菌感染的发生与进程.内源性激素相关的疾病如Chushing综合征的患者,以及医源性皮质激素使用的患者均可成为真菌感染的易患人群.正确理解糖皮质激素免疫抑制作用和真菌感染发生的相互关系,可以提高对相关真菌感染的认识并针对性开展防治策略,改善激素应用条件下发生真菌感染的预后.  相似文献   

5.
艾滋病患者由于严重免疫缺陷而易于并发各种机会感染和肿瘤。高效抗反转录病毒联合治疗(HAART)的出现明显改善了艾滋病患者的预后,提高了患者生存质量,随着HAART在临床的广泛使用,艾滋病患者出现各种机会感染包括侵袭性真菌感染的概率大大降低。然而,由于我国艾滋病患者明确诊断时大多处于疾病晚期,机体免疫功能极低;部分患者尽管接受了HAART,但是由于依从性、病毒耐药性等原因导致患者未能出现良好的应答反应,患者的免疫功能仍未能得到  相似文献   

6.
艾滋病合并侵袭性真菌感染35例临床分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 分析艾滋病(AIDS)合并侵袭性真菌感染的发生情况及临床特点,为其诊治提供参考。方法 回顾性分析85例AIDS患者的临床资料,总结侵袭性真菌感染的发病情况及临床特点。结果 85例AIDS患者继发侵袭性真菌感染35例,感染率为41.2%,感染部位以消化道为主,占44.4%,致病菌以白念珠菌(白假丝酵母)为主,占57.4%,侵袭性真菌感染病例主要发生于CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数<100个/μl的患者,占71.8%。35例患者中27例治愈,8例死亡。结论 侵袭性真菌感染是AIDS患者主要的机会性感染之一,其发生与CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数密切相关,临床上以消化道真菌感染多见,侵袭性真菌感染的病死率高。  相似文献   

7.
侵袭性真菌感染治疗新进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
随着免疫受损人群的增多,近年来侵袭性真菌感染的发生率逐渐升高,由此导致的致病率也逐年上升.如何及时诊断并有效的治疗侵袭性真菌感染已成为临床上面临的挑战之一.该文就侵袭性真菌感染的流行病学、病因学及现有的治疗策略等方面进行综述.  相似文献   

8.
伴随着侵袭性真菌感染(Invasive fungal infection,IFI)的迅猛增长,逐渐认识到对许多真菌诊断的重要性,本文就侵袭性真菌感染的流行概况、危险因素以及传统和新近发展的诊断方法作一综述。  相似文献   

9.
正确认识,合理对待——浅谈侵袭性真菌感染   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infec-tion,IFl)的日益多见和危害频繁,国内外广为重视。在2007年3月15日至17日的我国第二届深部真菌感染会议上,各科医生对此颇多讨论。现归纳欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织/侵袭性真菌感染协作组(EORTC/FICG)和美国国家变态反应和感染病研究所真菌研究组(NIAlDMSG)有关专家制定IFI临床研究的诊断标准(Clin lnfect Dis,2003,34:7-12)以及2005年中华内科杂志(2005,44:554)根据中国侵袭性真菌感染工作组制定的对血液病和恶性肿瘤患者的诊断标准与治疗原则。他山之石可以攻玉,我们希望在实践中能制定…  相似文献   

10.
摘要 目的:探讨淋巴瘤合并肺部侵袭性真菌感染( IPFI ) 的高危因素、临床特征和诊疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2019-2020年血液科收治的淋巴瘤合并IPFI患者的临床资料。结果:化疗后出现IPFI的淋巴瘤患者共计21例,总发病率为2.7%,平均年龄60岁,男性占77.8%,其中确诊5例、临床诊断7例、拟诊8例,确诊患者的病原菌为白色念珠菌(80%)和曲霉菌(20%)。肺部CT影像特征不典型,大多表现为弥漫、散在的斑片状絮样密度增高影、结节影,双肺受累多见,在接受一线抗真菌治疗后有18例患者缓解,总有效率为90.4%,其中原发病终末期患者及合并细菌感染患者死亡率高,预后差。结论:老年、男性、原发病控制不佳、高强度或大剂量化疗以及糖皮质激素的使用可能是淋巴瘤IPFI的高危因素,早期临床症状和影像学检查缺乏特异性,常规病原学检出率仍较低,1-3-β-D-葡聚糖试验(G试验)、半乳甘露聚糖试验(GM试验)结合肺部CT检查有助于早期诊断,一线抗真菌药物的使用可显著改善患者预后。  相似文献   

11.
Lung transplantation is associated with a relatively high incidence of invasive fungal infections that directly affect the morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. In addition, these infections may have immunologic consequences that play a role in the evolution of lung injury syndromes and result in earlier loss of graft than otherwise would be expected to occur. This article is an overview of the epidemiology and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation.  相似文献   

12.
目的评价米卡芬净治疗重症侵袭性真菌感染患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用回顾性分析2007年12月~2009年6月大连医科大学附属二院ICU病房40例侵袭性真菌感染患者应用米卡芬净治疗的临床资料。结果40例患者中,痊愈10例(25%),显效18例(45%),总有效率为70%,真菌清除率为60.8%,不良反应少,所有患者均耐受治疗。结论米卡芬净治疗重症侵袭性真菌感染安全、有效。  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the current study was to detect HBV by Real time - PCR in chronic hepatitis B patients. Fifty-eight sera of chronic hepatitis B patients were subjected during the period March 2009 to April 2010 in Ilam cities in West of Iran. Sera assayed by real-time PCR and ELISA methods. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients and negative for hepatitis B seromarkers served as negative controls for the study. Among fifty-eight sera, ELISA showed fifty-five (94.8%) of the samples were positive for HBsAg and three (5.2%) negative results obtained while real-time PCR specified fifty-eight (100%) positive results in chronic hepatitis B patients. HBsAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV DNA level in the serum, as 5.2% of chronic Hepatitis B patients were positive for HBV DNA but negative for HBsAg. HBV DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time - PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV DNA quantization.  相似文献   

14.
微生态调节剂在慢性重型肝炎患者的治疗作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨微生态调节剂整肠生和乳果糖在慢性重型肝炎的治疗作用。方法 162例慢性重型肝炎患者被随机分为治疗组(84例)和对照组(78例)。对照组给予常规的综合治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予整肠生胶囊4粒、乳果糖口服液10 ml每日3次口服,疗程为4周。比较2组病例治疗后主要症状和体征、肝功能、凝血功能、内毒素、血氨、并发症发生率及病死率。结果与对照组比较,治疗组更有效地改善患者临床症状、肝功能及凝血功能,降低血浆内毒素、血氨浓度,减少自发性腹膜炎(SBP)、肝性脑病(HE)和肝肾综合征(HRS)等并发症发生率和患者病死率。结论微生态制通过调整肠道失调菌群,能改善患者肝功能和凝血功能,降低血氨和内毒素血症,减少并发症和病死率,对慢性重型肝炎有明显治疗作用。  相似文献   

15.

Background

The role of culture-independent techniques (galactomannan, (1-3)-β-d-glucan) in the early diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) is well assessed in hematological patients, but there are no clear conclusions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims

To study the usefulness of nonculture-based techniques in the diagnosis of IFD in COPD-patients at risk for IFD.

Methods

A prospective observational study based on monitoring COPD patients at risk for IFD during 2007–2010 was carried out. The presence of galactomannan, (1-3)-β-d-glucan and an indirect immunofluorescence of Candida albicans germ tube specific antibodies (CAGTA) were performed.

Results

Among 43 COPD patients, 16 (37.2%) were diagnosed with IFD: seven cases were proven IFD (five invasive candidemia – IC, one invasive aspergillosis – IA and a rhinocerebral zygomycosis) and nine probable IFD (seven IA and two IC). In the diagnosis of IC and IA, the negative predictive value (NPV) of (1-3)-β-d-glucan was 100%. Regarding CAGTA in IC, NPV was 96.2%. Finally, NPV of galactomannan in IA was 91.2%. The area under the ROC curve for (1-3)-β-d-glucan in IC and for the rest of the IFD cases was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.93) and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.43–0.77), for CAGTA in IC was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74–0.91) and for galactomannan in IA was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56–0.85). Positive (1-3)-β-d-glucan preceded the growth of Candida (average of 1.7 days) in blood culture.

Conclusions

In COPD patients at risk for IFD the assayed techniques are especially useful to rule out the presence of IFD.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of the hepatitis B virus on the progression of the chronic liver disease. In the present paper, 127 patients who were followed up for five years and who had histologically verified chronic liver disease, are described. Fifty two of them were carriers of HBsAg, 75 patients were HBsAg negative, but had other markers typical for a previous infection of HBV in the sera. All the patients were nonalcoholics and no drug addicts. In the sera of these 127 patients markers of HBV were prospectively followed up: HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBe, HBVDNA, antiHCV for C virus and anti-D for D virus. It was proved by these investigations that HBV provokes very severe chronic hepatitis: CAH (chronic active hepatitis) and CH (cirrhosis hepatis). It was also proved that HBV replicated in 44.20% patients, namely, HBVDNA was positive in the sera of those patients. In 26.08% of such patients the mutant form of HBV was present. In spite of progressive liver disease and without any antiviral therapy all the patients with chronic HBV cirrhosis hepatis were, after five year-follow-up, in Child-Pugh A grade. It was found that the patients who were HBsAg negative, but had one or more markers of HBV positive in the sera, had also a severe chronic hepatitis. That group of patients remains our object of further research. The five-years follow-up of all these patients demonstrates that it is necessary to find out an efficient medicament against HBV chronic hepatitis. Obligatory vaccination of the risk population against virus B remains the only prevention against this severe disease.  相似文献   

17.
18.
目的探究酪酸梭菌二联活菌对慢性乙肝患者乙肝病毒(HBV)DNA及肠道菌群比值的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2018年9月我院传染科诊治的80例慢性乙肝患者进行研究,按照随机数字表分为观察组(40例)与对照组(40例)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用酪酸梭菌二联活菌胶囊治疗。收集治疗前与治疗2周后患者血清及粪便标本,观察血清及粪便中HBV DNA、9种肠道菌群数量、血清细胞因子、肝功能指标及患者不良反应。结果观察组患者血清HBV DNA阴转率(30.0%)高于粪便HBV DNA阴转率(15.0%)。观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌数量治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05),而肠球菌数量治疗前后差值明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者肠道肠杆菌科细菌/肠球菌比值、肠杆菌科细菌/梭菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠杆菌科细菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/普雷沃氏菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/瘤胃球菌属比值治疗前后差值明显小于对照组(均P0.05);观察组肠球菌/双歧杆菌比值、肠球菌/乳杆菌比值、肠球菌/梭菌属比值、肠球菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠球菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠球菌/瘤胃球菌属比值、梭菌属/双歧杆菌比值、白假丝酵母/双歧杆菌比值、普雷沃氏菌属/双歧杆菌比值治疗前后差值大于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者IL-17A、IL-17C、IL-17D、IL-17F治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶治疗前后差值较高,总胆红素治疗前后差值较低(均P0.05)。观察组患者总不良反应率(12.5%)明显低于对照组总不良反应率(32.5%)。结论酪酸梭菌二联活菌治疗慢性乙肝患者有助于降低乙肝病毒DNA及IL-17家族成员水平,改善肠道菌群比值紊乱,安全可靠。  相似文献   

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