共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
T. Engelke T. Tatlioglu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(6):942-948
Mitochondrial genome diversity in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) was investigated with respect to different forms of male sterility. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and restored genotypes
of the known CMS system, compared to plants of the wi-, the st1- and the st2-sterility types and additional fertile plants of different origin were examined by means of RFLP analyses using mitochondrial
gene probes. Besides the (S)-cytoplasm of the CMS system four additional cytoplasms were distinguished that differed in the
organisation of their mitochondrial genomes. There is consequently a high degree of variability of the mitochondrial genome
in chives, especially when compared with the closely related onion. A possible function of the atp9 gene in generating the different cytoplasm types of chives is discussed in relation to the origin of known CMS sequences
in other plant species. The existence of different cytoplasm types offers the opportunity for further characterisation of
the wi-, st1- and st2-sterility systems with respect to cytoplasmic factors which might be causally related to them. Whether these new sterilities
are CMS or GMS (genic male sterilities) is of interest to plant breeders in order that restrictions on the genetic basis used
in hybrid seed production be avoided.
Received: 6 July 1999 / Accepted: 6 September 1999 相似文献
2.
Harry J. Klee Maria B. Hayford Stephen G. Rogers 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1987,210(2):282-287
Summary Cloning of genes by transformation with genomic banks and rescue of a phenotype has been extensively used in bacterial systems. This approach has not been possible in plant systems because of the large genome sizes and poor transformation frequencies of most plant species. Recent advances in plant transformation permit the generation of large numbers of transformants in petunia. We have used this system to rescue a model gene encoding resistance to kanamycin by shotgun cloning. The gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) was introduced into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A genomic bank of DNA from this tissue was constructed in a cosmid vector containing features which would allow its use in plant transformation. The unselected genomic bank was mobilized from Escherichia coli to A. tumefaciens and used to retransform petunia leaf discs. The rescued gene was identified by its ability to confer a kanamycin-resistant phenotype in petunia tissue. The presence of the NPTII gene was confirmed by nopaline assay and Southern blot analysis. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of gene rescue, in certain circumstances, in plants. 相似文献
3.
4.
B. Saal J. Plieske J. Hu C. F. Quiros D. Struss 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(5):695-699
Microsatellites are highly polymorphic and efficient markers for the analysis of plant genomes. Primer specificity, however,
may restrict the applicability of these markers even between closely related species for comparative mapping studies. We have
demonstrated that the majority of microsatellites identified in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L; AC genome) correspond to loci which can be easily assigned to the A and C progenitor genomes. A study with 63 primer pairs
has shown that 54% detect two loci, one from each genome, while 25% and 21%, respectively, are either A or C genome-specific.
The distribution of rapeseed microsatellites in the C genome was investigated by genetic mapping in Brassica oleracea L. Ninety two dinucleotide microsatellites were screened for polymorphism in an F2 population derived from a cross between collard and cauliflower, for which an RFLP map has been constructed previously. Thirty
three primer pairs (35.7%) have yielded either unspecific or no PCR products whereas the remaining primer pairs amplified
one or more distinct loci. The level of polymorphism found in the mapping population was 49.2%. A total of 29 primer pairs
disclosed 34 loci of which 31 are evenly distributed on 8 of the 9 B. oleracea linkage groups. For the remaining three markers linkage could not be established. Our results showed that microsatellite
markers from the composite genome of B. napus can serve as a useful marker system in genetic studies and for plant-breeding objectives in B. oleracea.
Received: 14 April 2000 / Accepted: 3 July 2000 相似文献
5.
Vered Yesodi Shamay Izhar David Gidoni Yona Tabib Nurit Firon 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1995,248(5):540-546
In petunia, a mitochondrial (mt) locus,S-Pcf, has been found to be strongly associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). TheS-Pcf locus consists of three open reading frames (ORF) that are co-transcribed. The first ORF,Pcf, contains parts of theatp9 andcoxII genes and an unidentified reading frame,urf-s. The second and third ORFs contain NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3) and ribosomal protein S12 (rps12) sequences, respectively. Thenad3 andrps12 sequences included in theS-Pcf locus are identical to the corresponding sequences on the mt genome of fertile petunia. In both CMS and fertile petunia,
only a single copy ofnad3 andrps12 has been detected on the physical map of the main mt genome. The origin of theurf-s sequence and the molecular events leading to the formation of the chimericS-Pcf locus are not known. This paper presents evidence indicating that two different mt sequences, related tourf-s and found in fertile petunia lines (orf-h and Rf-1), might have been involved in the molecular evolution of theS-Pcf locus. Southern analysis of mtDNA derived from both fertile and sterile petunia plants suggests that one of theseurf-s related sequences (showing 100% homology tourf-s and termedorf-h) is located on a sublimon. An additional, low-homologyurf-s related sequence (Rf-1) is shown to be located on the main mt genome 5′ to thenad3 gene. It is, thus, suggested that the sequence of events leading to the generation of theS-Pcf locus might have involved introduction of theorf-h sequence, via homologous recombination, into the main mt genome 5′ tonad3 at the region where the Rf-1 sequence is located.
Contribution [No. 1581-E (1995 series)] from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
50 250 相似文献
6.
Bacillus species and other microbes with pH optima for growth higher than pH 9 are defined as alkaliphiles. A large number of alkaliphilic
Bacillus strains producing useful enzymes, have been isolated from various environments. Some of these enzymes, such as proteases
and cellulases from alkaliphilic Bacillus strains, have been commercialized and have brought great advantages to industry and domestic life. To support further development
of the enzyme industry, we initiated analysis of the genome of Bacillus halodurans C-125, which is 4.25 Mb in size, and constructed a physical and genetic map for comparison with the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Systematic sequencing of the whole genome of Bacillus halodurans C-125 has been automated since the beginning of May 1998, and sequencing of 98% of the whole genome has been done so far.
Through genome analysis, it became apparent that the genome organization of alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125 is totally different from that of B. subtilis orthologues.
Received: July 11, 1999 / Accepted: December 27, 1999 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this study was to construct a comparative RFLP map of an allotetraploid wild rice species, Oryza latifolia, and to study the relationship between the CCDD genome of O. latifolia and the AA genome of O. sativa. A set of RFLP markers, which had been previously mapped to the AA genome of cultivated rice, were used to construct the comparative map. Fifty-eight F2 progeny, which were derived from a single F1 plant, were used for segregation analysis. The comparative RFLP map contains 149 DNA markers, including 145 genomic DNA markers from cultivated rice, 3 cDNA markers from oat, and one known gene (waxy, from maize). Segregation patterns reflected the allotetraploid ancestry of O. latifolia, and the CC and DD genomes were readily distinguished by most probes tested. There is a high degree of conservation between the CCDD genome of O. latifolia and the AA genome of O. sativa based on our data, but some inversions and translocations were noted. 相似文献
8.
R. G. Fjellstrom P.R. Beuselinck J. J. Steiner 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(5):718-725
Lotus corniculatus is a tetraploid (2n=4x=24) perennial forage legume and has been reported to have tetrasomic inheritance for several traits, although it has also
been reported to show disomic inheritance. Molecular markers were used to clarify whether tetrasomic inheritance, disomic
inheritance, or a combination of both, was found within an F2 population arising from a cross between two diverse L. corniculatus accessions. The inheritance of ”tetra-allelic” RFLP markers (markers with four segregating bands) indicated that disomic
inheritance could not account for the phenotypic F2 classes observed, and that only tetrasomic inheritance would explain the observed results. Goodness of fit tests for ”tetra-allelic”
and ”tri-allelic” (three segregating bands) RFLP marker data suggested support for chromosomal-type tetrasomic inheritance.
RFLP genotypes interpreted from autoradiographic signal intensity provided additional support for tetrasomic inheritance and
the occurrence of preferential pairing between parental chromosomes. Bivalent pairing was predominant in the two parental
lines and their F1 hybrid in cytological analyses. L. corniculatus has been classified as both an autotetraploid and an allotetraploid species. RFLP evidence of tetrasomic inheritance gives
support for L. corniculatus being classified as an autotetraploid species. Even though bivalent pairing occurs, as seen in other autotetraploid species,
pairing between any of the four homologous chromosomes is possible. Preferential pairing in the F1 hybrid suggests that genome differentiation appears to be minimal between homologs within an accession, while genome differentiation
is greater between homologs from different accessions of this genetically diverse species.
Received: 16 November 1999 / Accepted: 14 July 2000 相似文献
9.
Introduction of transformed chloroplasts from tobacco into petunia by asymmetric cell fusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asako Sigeno Sugane Hayashi Toru Terachi Hiroshi Yamagishi 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(11):1633-1640
Plastid engineering technique has been established only in Nicotiana tabacum, and the widespread application is severely limited so far. In order to exploit a method to transfer the genetically transformed
plastomes already obtained in tobacco into other plant species, somatic cell fusion was conducted between a plastome transformant
of tobacco and a cultivar of petunia (Petunia hybrida). A tobacco strain whose plastids had been transformed with aadA (a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase gene) and mdar [a gene for monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR)] and a petunia variety, ‘Telstar’, were used as cell fusion partners. An
efficient regeneration system from the protoplasts of both the parents, and effectiveness of selection for the aadA gene with spectinomycin were established before the cell fusion. In addition, the influence of UV irradiation on the callus
development from the protoplasts and shoot regeneration of tobacco was investigated. Protoplasts were cultured after cell
fusion treatment with polyethylene glycol, and asymmetric somatic cybrids were selected using the aadA gene as a marker. Although many shoots of tobacco that had escaped the UV irradiation regenerated, several shoots possessing
the morphology of petunia and the resistance to spectinomycin were obtained. Molecular analyses of the petunia type regenerants
demonstrated that they had the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes derived from petunia besides the chloroplasts of tobacco
transformed with aadA and mdar. Furthermore, it was ascertained that mdar was transcribed in the somatic cybrids. The results indicate the success in intergeneric transfer of transformed plastids
of tobacco into petunia. 相似文献
10.
V. Rani K. P. Singh B. Shiran S. Nandy S. Goel R. M. Devarumath H. L. Sreenath S. N. Raina 《Plant cell reports》2000,19(10):1013-1020
The most important commercial species of coffee, Coffea arabica, which produces 73% of the world's coffee crop and almost all of the coffee in Latin America, is the only tetraploid (allotetraploid,
2n=4x=44) species known in the genus. High-frequency somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and plant recovery were achieved
from leaf explants of a mature, elite plant of C. arabica cv. Cauvery (S-4347) using a two-step culture method. To assess the genetic integrity of the nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast
genomes among the hardened regenerants, we employed multiple DNA markers (RFLP, RAPD, ISSR) for sampling various regions of
the genome. Although the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the mother plant and five ramets derived from the mother ortet
were similar in organization, this was not so in the somatic embryo-derived plants where both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
changed in different, characteristic ways and produced novel genome organizations. A total of 480 genetic loci, based on the
data obtained from a total of 16 nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast gene probes, in combination with nine restriction
enzyme digests, 38 RAPD and 17 SSR primers, were scored in 27 somatic embryo-derived plants and the single control. Among
these, 44 loci were observed to be polymorphic. A relatively low level of polymorphism (4.36%) was found in the nuclear genome,
while polymorphism in the mitochondrial genome (41%) was much higher. No polymorphism was detected in the chloroplast genome.
The polymorphism in the mitochondrial genome was found in only 4 plants. Such selective polymorphism was not true for the
nuclear genome. Thus, this in-depth and comprehensive study demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of subtle genetic
variability and novel genome organizations in the commercially well-established somatic embryogenesis-derived plants of this
important coffee species.
Received: 2 July 1999 / Revision received: 1 February 2000 / Accepted: 17 February 2000 相似文献
11.
S. Groh A. Zacharias S. F. Kianian G. A. Penner J. Chong H. W. Rines R. L. Phillips 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):876-884
Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) can be used to quickly develop linkage maps in plant species and are especially
useful for crops with large genomes like oat (Avena sativa L., 2n=6x=42). High reproducibility and consistency are crucial if AFLP linkage maps are employed for comparative mapping.
We mapped AFLP markers in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in two recombinant inbred
populations of hexaploid oat in two laboratories to test the consistency of AFLP markers in a polyploid crop. Eight primer
combinations produced 102 and 121 scoreable AFLP markers in the respective populations. In a population from the cross Kanota×Ogle,
AFLP markers were placed onto a RFLP reference map consisting of 32 linkage groups. Nineteen linkage groups from another population
from the cross Kanota×Marion were assigned to the reference map using AFLP and RFLP markers homologous to those used in the
Kanota× Ogle cross. Reproducibility of AFLP assays was high in both laboratories and between laboratories. The AFLP markers
were well-distributed across the genome in both populations. Many AFLP markers tended to extend the distance between adjacent
RFLP markers in linkage analysis. Of the 27 polymorphic AFLPs common in both populations, 20 mapped to homologous linkage
groups, 4 were unlinked in at least one population, and 3 mapped to different linkage groups in the two crosses. We believe
that 1 of the 3 markers that mapped to a different linkage group in the two populations mapped to homoeologous linkage groups.
The linkage map of hexaploid oat is not yet complete, and genomic rearrangements such as translocations exist among cultivars
and are likely to account for the remaining two non-syntenous mapping results. AFLPs provide not only a fast and powerful
tool for mapping but could be useful in characterizing genomic structural variations among germplasms in hexaploid oat.
Received: 17 December 1999 / Accepted: 28 July 2000 相似文献
12.
P. A. Butcher G. F. Moran R. Bell 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):576-583
Random genomic probes were used to assess levels of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in two 2-generation outbred
pedigrees of Acacia mangium Willd. Probes were evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphic loci in each pedigree and to determine the relative
efficiency of different restriction enzymes in revealing polymorphisms. Sixty two percent of the probes which detected single-
or low-copy number sequences revealed polymorphisms with at least one restriction enyzme. HpaII was the most efficient in detecting polymorphism among first-generation individuals. The recognition sequence of HpaII contains a CpG dimer, suggesting that cytosines in the CpG sequence may be hotspots for mutation in plant genomes, as previously
reported in bacterial and mammalian genomes. Mendelian inheritance of 230 loci was demonstrated based on single-locus segregation
in second-generation individuals. Less than 5% of loci showed evidence of segregation distortion. The proportion of fully
informative loci (15%) was lower than previously reported in eucalypts reflecting the lower level of genetic diversity in
A. mangium. The RFLP probes are suitable for the construction of a high-density genetic linkage map in A. mangium. Cross-hybridisation of the A.mangium RFLPs to DNA from species representing the three subgenera of the genus Acacia indicates that these markers could be used in breeding programs of other diploid acacias, for comparative studies of genome
organisation, and for phylogenetic studies.
Received: 5. June 1999 / Accepted: 30 July 1999 相似文献
13.
14.
F. Weber-Lotfi L. Maréchal-Drouard O. Folkerts M. Hanson J. M. Grienenberger 《Plant molecular biology》1993,21(2):403-407
22 tRNA genes corresponding to 17 tRNA species were localized on the master circle of Petunia hybrida mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Genes for trnN, trnM, trnS-GGA, trnW and trnH are of the chloroplast-like type and presumably originate from promiscuous chloroplast (cp) DNA sequences inserted into the petunia mitochondrial genome. A comparison of the mt tRNAs or tRNA genes population present in two monocotyledonous plants (wheat and maize) and two dicotyledonous plants (petunia and potato) show slight differences in the genetic origin of individual tRNAs. The organization of the petunia mt tRNA genes as well as the number of tRNA gene copies, compared to other plant species, is discussed. 相似文献
15.
Marino Expósito-Rodríguez Andrés A. Borges Andrés Borges-Pérez Mercedes Hernández José A. Pérez 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2007,26(4):329-340
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main endogenous auxin, has been known for decades to be a key regulator for plant growth and
development. Multiple routes have been proposed for IAA biosynthesis but physiologic roles or relevance of the different routes
are still unclear. Recently, four members of the Arabidopsis thaliana YUC gene family have been implicated in an additional requirement of IAA involved in floral organ and vascular tissue formation.
The loss-of-function yuc1yuc4 double mutants in Arabidopsis displayed phenotypes similar to the previously described loss-of-function floozy mutants in petunia (fzy). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that YUC1 encodes a flavin monooxygenase (FMO) that catalyzes a rate-limiting step of a tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway:
the conversion of tryptamine to N-hydroxyl-tryptamine. Here we report on the genetic study of ToFZY, the putative tomato ortholog of YUC4 and FZY, including gene and cDNA sequence comparison and a preliminary expression analysis. In addition, we describe a novel conserved
amino acid motif that may be considered a hallmark potentially useful for the identification of new YUC-like FMOs. We also
demonstrate that ToFZY encodes a protein with the same enzymatic activity as YUC1. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the ToFZY gene belongs to a multigenic family whose members may exhibit a temporal and spatial specialization similar to that described
in A. thaliana. 相似文献
16.
Inter-MITE polymorphisms (IMP): a high throughput transposon-based genome mapping and fingerprinting approach 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
R.-Y. Chang L. S. O’Donoughue T. E. Bureau 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(5):773-781
Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements or MITEs represent a large superfamily of transposons that are moderately
to highly repetitive and frequently associated with plant genes. These attributes were exploited in the development of a powerful
marker technology called Inter-MITE polymorphism, or IMP, which involves the amplification between two adjacent MITEs. In
this report, we describe the utility of the IMP approach in the mapping and fingerprinting of the barley genome. MITEs were
systematically mined from barley genomic gene sequences by computer-assisted database searches and structural analysis. Barley
MITEs include members of the Stowaway family and a new family we have named Barfly. Using these barley MITEs, a total of 88 IMP markers were mapped onto an existing barley RFLP map that was based on a doubled-haploid
segregating population between Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum. We demonstrate that the IMP approach can be effectively applied in the fingerprinting of barley cultivars and for genetic
similarity analysis. We also provide evidence that barley MITE-based primers can be effectively used in the mapping and fingerprinting
of other cereals, suggesting that the IMP approach has broad applicability.
Received: 24 March 2000 / Accepted: 28 July 2000 相似文献
17.
粪透明颤菌血红蛋白基因促进转基因矮牵牛在水培条件下生长并增强其抗涝能力 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过PCR程序克隆粪透明颤菌(Vitreoscilla steroraria Pringsheim)血红蛋白基因(vhb)的编码区。将其置于CaMV35S启动子的驱动下导入矮牵牛(Petunia hybriad Vilm),PCR和Southern杂交分析证明vhb基因已整合到受体基因组中,而RT-PCR检测证实了转基因矮牵牛中vhb基因转录水平的表达。观察了转基因株系在液体培养基中对淹水和缺氧的反应,发现vhb的表达明显促进了水培植物的生长。为进一步研究转基因植物在低氧条件的耐受能力。将上述的转基因株系在静置的液体培养基中进行完全的淹没培养,结果显示转基因植株具有较强的低氧耐受能力。培养两周后能从淹没状态长出液面,并由此而在液体中较正常地生长,而未转基因的对照不能长出淹没的培养基表面,在4-5周后因缺氧而窒息死亡。另将上述转基因株系在温室中盆栽并进行抗涝分析。在模拟的持续淹水胁迫中,转基因株系比对照表现出较强的忍受能力。这些结果预示vhb基因在抗涝作物培育和提高水培植物缺氧耐受能力的分子育种方面具有较良好的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
19.
Schneider K Borchardt DC Schäfer-Pregl R Nagl N Glass C Jeppsson A Gebhardt C Salamini F 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1999,262(3):515-524
To analyse genetic factors that potentially affect sugar quality and yield in Beta vulgaris, we designed primers based on 18 homologous ESTs and conserved regions of 32 heterologous ESTs encoding gene products that
act in the Calvin cycle, the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle, photorespiration, synthesis, transport and degradation of
sucrose, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, nitrogen metabolism and osmoprotection. Data on the amplification of 54 gene homologues
from B. vulgaris are presented. Among these are 35 homologues for which DNA sequence information from B. vulgaris is now available for the first time. For genetic mapping a PCR-based strategy using CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence),
DFLP (DNA fragment length polymorphism), SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) and HD (heteroduplex) analysis was
adopted. RFLP analysis was also used in some cases. The different techniques used for the detection of polymorphisms are evaluated
with respect to their sensitivity and versatility. In all, 42 functional genes have been assigned to the nine linkage groups
of sugar beet.
Received: 25 May 1999 / Accepted: 15 July 1999 相似文献
20.
STS markers linked to Phoma resistance genes of the Brassica B-genome revealed sequence homology between Brassica nigra and Brassica napus 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
J. Plieske D. Struss 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(4):483-488
The RFLP and AFLP techniques are laborious and expensive and therefore of limited use for marker-assisted selection, demanding
a high throughput of samples in a short time. But marker-assisted selection is most useful for traits which are hard to score
on single plants and influenced by environmental factors. Four RFLP and three AFLP markers have been found to be linked to
genes of the B-genome of Brassica mediating resistance against Phoma lingam in oilseed rape. One RFLP and one AFLP marker were converted into three PCR-based STS markers: one of dominant, as well as
one of codominant inheritance separated in a standard agarose gel and a third one of codominant inheritance to be separated
in a polyacrylamide gel on an automated sequencer. As expected, the STS markers mapped at the same position as the original
RFLP and AFLP markers. The STS markers are efficient in marker-assisted backcross programs of the resistant B-genome/Brassica napus recombinant lines with most of the tested oilseed rape varieties and breeding lines. More than 90% of the tested oilseed
rape varieties and breeding lines exhibited no resistance marker alleles. The mapping results obtained with the markers, as
well as comparative sequencing of the marker alleles, indicate synteny and homology between the B-genome resistance gene donors
and B. napus in the region of the resistance genes. The location of the resistance genes in the B-genome/B. napus recombinant lines is most likely on the A genome. Thus the transfer of the B-genome resistance genes into Brassica campestris is also possible.
Received: 9 December 1999 / Accepted: 21 June 2000 相似文献