BOOK REVIEWS

Sachs, L. (1970) . Statistische Methoden, Ein Soforthelfer .
Dansereau, Pierre (Ed.) (1970) . Challenge for Survival: Land, Air and Water for Man in Megalopolis. 9½× 6 in .
Electrical Energy Needs and Environmental Problems, Now and in the Future.
Edmondson, W. T. and Winberg, G. G. (Eds) (1971) . A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article:
Graham, A. (1971) . British Prosobranch and Other Operculate Gastropod Molluscs .
Mills, D. (1971) . Salmon and Trout: A Resource, its Ecology, Conservation and Management .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article:
Hardisty, M. W. and Potter, I. C. (Eds) (1971) . The Biology of Lampreys.
Luther, H. and Rzoska, J. (Eds) (1971) . Project Aqua: a Source Book of Inland Waters Proposed for Conservation.     

BOOK REVIEW

Books Reviewed in this Article:
Winberg G.G. (Ed.) (1971) . Methods for the Estimation of Production of Aquatic Animals.     

A 9-year study of the life cycle of Ephemera danica Müll. (Ephemeridae: Ephemeroptera) in the River Lambourn, England

Abstract. 1. The life cycle of the mayfly, Ephemera danica , was studied on two contrasted sites on the River Lambourn between 1971 and 1979.
2. Quantitative samples of nymphs were taken on the five major biotopes of the river bed, gravel, silt, Ranunculus, Berula and Callitriche . Exposed areas of gravel and silt held significantly lower densities of nymphs than the three macro-phytes with their underlying substrata. The sandy substratum underlying beds of Berula frequently held significantly higher densities than the other macrophytes.
3. Monthly samples from March 1971 to April 1972 followed by samples in June and December from 1972 to 1979 indicated that the nymphal phase normally took 2 years in the River Lambourn.
4. All odd-numbered years from 1971 to 1979 produced weak year-classes. In contrast, all even-numbered years between 1970 and 1978, with the exception of 1972, produced relatively strong year-classes.
5. Meteorological data for the period of flight activity in E.danica indicated that conditions were colder and damper in 1972 than in the other even-numbered years of the study, when recruitment was more successful.     

Cohort studies on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae living in the water-filled floral bracts of Heliconia aurea (Zingiberales: Musaceae)

Abstract. 1. An experimental and observational study of the three species of mosquito larvae living in the water-filled floral bracts of Heliconia aurea at Rancho Grande, Venezuela, was designed to determine if each mosquito species forms instar cohorts and excludes conspecifics of younger instars. This study was motivated by a statement of Maguire (1971) who suggested that mosquito larvae in Puerto Rican Heliconia inflorescences form instar cohorts and exclude younger mosquitoes from the floral bracts.
2. Field observations of naturally occurring populations of mosquito larvae from fifty-three H.aurea inflorescences give no indication that cohorts are formed for Wyeomyia felicia and Culex bihaicolus . However, there is strong evidence that cohorts of Trichoprosopon digitatum occur. These cohorts are not structured by larval competition but by female preference of the youngest bracts as oviposition sites and by large T.digitatum larvae feeding on smaller con-specifics.
3. Field experiments show that first instar W.felicia and C.bihaicolus survive as well over a 6 day period in the presence of third instar conspecifics as they do when all mosquito larvae in an experimental bract are first instars.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Filterable Viruses. By T. M. RIVEBS.
(1) Manual of Plant Diseases. By F. D. HEALD.
(2) Principles of Plant Pathology. By C. E. OWENS.
(3) Comparative Morphology of Fungi. By E. A. GÄUMANN.
Leaf-Mining Insects. By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, STTJART W. FROST and BEATRICE H. TOTHILL.
Modern Biology. By J. T. CUNNINGHAM.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Review in This Article:
Cell Receptor Disorders by T. M elnechuk , available from Western Behavioral Sciences Institute
Cyclic Nucleotides, Phosphorylated Proteins, and Neuronal Functions . (Editor P. G reengard )
Advances in Neurochemistry, Vol. 3 . (Editors B. W. A granoff & M. H. A prison )
Acetylcholine Synthesis in Neurons by S. T uček .
The Pathologic Physiology of Dementia with Indications for Diagnosis and Treatment by R. M. T orack .     

REVIEWS

Fenland: Its Ancient Past and Uncertain Future. By S ir H arry G odwin
Current Topics in Plant Pathology. Edited by Z. K irály .
Water Deficits and Plant Growth. Volume 5. Water and Plant Disease. Edited by T. T. K ozlowski .
Heat Balance of the Plant Cover. By Y u L. R auner.
Ecophysiology of Tropical Crops. Edited by P. de T. A lvim and T. T. K ozlowski .
Essays in Plant Taxonomy. Edited by (the late) H. E. S treet .
Coniferen im westlkhen malayischen Archipel. By N. S tein .
Morphologie, Anatomie und Systematik der Höheren Pflanzen. Morphology, Anatomy and Systematic of Higher Plants. Edited by Y. S ell , F. W eberling and H. L orenzen .     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Alcock , J. (1971): Interspecific differences in Avian feeding behavior and the evolution of Batesian mimikry Murton , R. K. (1971): The significance of a specific search image in the feeding behaviour of the Wood Pigeon Peeke , Harman V. S., Michael J. Herz und James E. Gallagher Free , J. P. (1971): Stimuli eliciting mating behaviour of Bumblebee Sayler , Anne, und Michael Salmon (1971): An ethological analysis of communal nursing by the House Mouse Banerjee , U. (1971): An inquiry into the genesis of aggression in Mice induced by isolation Narayanan , C. H., M. W. Fox und V. Hamburger White , R. E. C. (1971): Wrats: a computer compatible system for automatically recording and transcribing behavioural data Dawkins , R. (1971): A cheap method of recording behavioural events for direct computer access Snyder , Noel F. R. und Helen A. (1971): Defences of the Florida Apple Snail Vessey , Stephen H. (1971): Free-ranging Rhesus Monkeys: behavioural effects of removal Wootton , R. J. (1971): Measures of the aggression of parental male three-spined Sticklebacks Grant , P. R. (1971): Interactive behaviour of Puffins Gehlbach , Frederick R., Julian F. Watkins II and James C. Kroll (1971): Pheromone trail-following studies of typhlopid Espmark , Yngve (1971): Individual recognition by voice in Reindeer mother-young relationship Plutchik , Robert (1971): Individual and breed differences in approach and withdrawal in dogs Russell , Eleanor M., und G. A. Pearce (1971): Exploration of novel objects by Marsupials Orr , Robert T. (1970): Animals in migration (Tierwanderungen) Horwich , Robert H. (1971): The ontogeny of social behavior in the Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Schöne , H., und H. A. Udo de Haes (1971): Space orientation in humans with special reference to the interaction of vestibular Gardner , Beatrice T. und R. Allen (1971): Two-way communication with an infant Chimpanzee Bondy , Stephen C., und Frank L. Margolis (1971): Sensory deprivation and brain development, the avian visual system as a model     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Williams. W.D. (1983) Life in Inland Waters.
Hammond. CO. revised by Merritt, R. (1983) The Dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hammer, U.T. (Ed.) (1983) Saline Lakes. Developments in Hydrobiology.
Noakes, D.L.G., Lindquist, D.G., Helfman, G.S. & Ward, J. A. (1983) Predators and Prey in Fishes: Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes .
Pejler, B., Starkweather, R. & Nogrady, T. (Eds.) (1983) Biology of Rotifers.     

The immigration of spiders (Araneida) into a new polder

Abstract. (1) The immigration of spiders into the Lauwerszeepolder (constructed in 1969) was studied during four years in four areas. The spider fauna was sampled weekly and 65 000 specimens of eighty-four species were caught using strip traps, window traps, simple pitfall traps and fences.
(2) About sixty species from all kinds of habitats were caught rarely; nineteen species were caught in numbers that suggest that they had established populations in the study areas.
(3) The four successful pioneer species, plus two marsh-dwelling species, were most abundant during 1969 and 1970. The 1971 catch was dominated by species from saline habitats; they became less abundant in 1972 when species from non-saline habitats increased. Only halotolerant species established populations.
(4) No evidence was found that dispersing spiders select certain areas. The differences between the spider fauna of the differennt study areas arise from degrees of success in colonization by immigrants. Pioneer species are least influenced by the abiotic environment.
(5) A greater aeronautic dispersal power is found in species inhabiting unstable habitats than in species from stable habitats.
(6) Aeronautic activity in adult linyphiids (s.l.) is not restricted to a special season, but is related to definite phases of the phenology.
(7) Male and female erigonids are equally active in aeronautic behaviour. In erigonids and linyphiids intense aeronautic activity coincides with great ground activity; on the ground males are more active than females.     

REVIEWS

Plant Communities of the Scottish Highlands. A Study of Scottish Mountain, Moorland and Forest Vegetation . (Monographs of the Nature Conservancy, No. 1.) By D onald McV ean and D erek A. R atcliffe .
* L unde , T. (1962). An investigation into the pH-amplitudes of some mountain plants in the county of Trorns. Acta borealia. A: Scientia , Nr. 20.
Physiology and Biochemistry of Algae . Edited by R alph A. L ewin .
Fungal Genetics . By J. R. S. F incham and P. R. D ay .
The Young Botanist . By C. T. P rime .
Organization in Plants . By W. M. M. B aron .
Chromosome Marker . By K. R. L ewis and B. J ohn .
Symbiotic Associations . Thirteenth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology. Edited by P. S. N utman and B arbara M osse .
The Developmental Anatomy of Isoetes. By D ominick J. P aolillo , Jr.
Cucurbits: Botany, Cultivation and Utilization . By T homas W. W hitaker and G len N. D avis .
Common Malayan Plants . By H. B. Gilliland.
Sierra Nevada Natural History . By T racey L. S torer and R obert R. U singer .
Croissance et Développement des Plantes . By L ucie K ofler .
Modern Methods of Plant Analysis , vol. VI. Founded by K. P aech and M. V. T racey , continued by H. F. L inskens and M. V. T racey in co-operation with B. D. S anwal .
Enzyme Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds . Edited by J. B. P ridham .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Flora of Iraq . Volume I. Introduction to the Flora . Ed. by Evan Guest, with assistance from Ali Al-Rawi.
Principles of Industrial Microbiology . By A. R hodes and D. L. F letcher .
Movement of Water in Plants . By G. E. B riggs . Botanical Monographs (Ed. by J. H. B urnett )
Morphogenesis and Microscopic Cytochemistry of Marine Pyrenomvcete Ascospores . By P. W. K irk .
Primary Productivity of Aquatic Environments . Ed. by C. R. G oldman .
Fantastic Trees . By E dwin A. M enninger .
Specific Replant Diseases . By B. M. S avory .
The Plastids . By J. T. O. K irk and R. A. E. T ilney -B assett .
Light as an Ecological Factor . Ed. by R. B ainbridge , G. C. E vans and O. R ackham .
The Structure and Life of Bryophytes . By E. V. W atson .     

Book Reviews

Sawyer, R.T . (1986) Leech Biology .
Brock, Th.D. (1985) A Eutrophie Lake: Lake Mendota, Wisconsin .
Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O . (Eds) (1986) The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes .
Schwoerbel, J . (1987) Handbook of Limnology .
Alabaster, J.S . (Ed.) (1985) Habitat Modifications and Freshwater Fisheries .     

Strategies in energy consumption and partitioning in Collembola

Abstract. 1. Consumption (in Joules), partitioning of assimilated energy between maintenance (standard metabolism and locomotory activity) and prcduction (growth and reproduction) and assimilation efficiency were studied in the laboratory using adults of the coexisting species Orchesella cincta (L.) and Tomocents minor Lubbock (Collembola, Entomobryidae).
2. A higher energy demand for maintenance was established in O.cincta , compared with T.minor , caused by a higher mobility and a higher live weight-specific oxygen consumption (metabolic rate).
3. The energy required for higher maintenance in O.cincta , compared with T.minor , was derived from production, both from growth and reproduction.
4. The increase in live weight (in mg) during a moulting interval (feeding instar plus reproductive instar) was less in O.cincta than in T.minor , and was less in males than in females.
5. Reproduction (in Joules) was less in O.cincta than in T.ninor . The numbers of eggs produced were equal, but their energetic content was less in O.cincta . Survival of the eggs was similar.
6. Consumption (in Joules) and assimilation efficiency (on an energetic basis) during a moulting interval (feeding instar plus reproductive instar) were similar in both species.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Fay, P. (1983) The Blue-Greens .
Petr, T. (Ed.) (1983) The Purari—Tropical Environment of a High Rainfall River Basin.
Nisbet, B. (1984) Nutrition and Feeding in Protozoa.
Frank, J.H. & Lounibos, L.P. (Eds.) (1983) Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities.
Elliott, J.M. & Humpesch, U.H. (1983) A Key to the Adults of the British Ephemeroptera.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Salanki, J. & Herodek, S. (Eds.) (1989) Conservation and Management of Lakes .
Guthrie, M. (1989) Animals of the Surface Film .
Steffens, W. (1989) Principles of Fish Nutrition .
Wiederholm, T. (Ed.) (1989) Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and Diagnoses Part 3. Adult Males .
Day, J.W. Jr, Hall, C.A.S., Kemp, W.M. & Alejandro Yanez-Arancibia, A. (1990) Estuarine Ecology .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Smiths' Sea Fishes. Editors: S mith , M. M., H eemstra ., P. C. 6th ed. 1986.
A ustin , B.; A ustin , D.A., Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Ellis Horwood Ltd Chichester (pp. 364) 1987.
C appetta , H.: Chondrichthyes II. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii.-Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Vol. 3B. Stuttgart, New York
Integrated Warm Water Aquaculture. Editors: L ittle , D., M uir , J. University of Stirling: Inst. of Aquaculture Publications 1987. 238 pp.
The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Vol. 9: L elek , A., Threatened Fishes of Europe. Wiesbaden: Aula Verlag 1987. 343 pp., 85 Fig., 236.-DM.
U ntersuchungen an mittelalterlichen Fischresten aus Schleswig. Ausgrabung Schild 1971–1975.
S chwoerbel , J. (ed.): Einführung in die Limnologie (Introduction into Limnology). 6. Edition. Stuttgart-New York
P lisnier , P.-D.; M icha , J.-C.; F rank , V.: Biologie et exploitation des poissons du lac Ihema
Electroreception. Editors: B ullock , T h . H., H eiligenberg , W. New York-Chichester-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore
Scheuer, P. (ed.): Bioorganic Marine Chemistry. Volume 2. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-London-Paris-Tokyo-Hong Kong     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. By J. T. O. K irk .
Anthropogenic Indicators in Pollen Diagrams. Ed. by K.-E. B ehre .
Fundamentals of Palaeobotany. By S. V. M eyen ,
Climate and Plant Distribution. By F. I. W oodward.
Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol. 4. Tribophyceae (Xanthophyceae). By T. C hristensen .
Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development , Ed. by P. J. D avies .