贝氏隐孢子虫在珍珠鸡体内发育的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜观察了贝氏隐孢子虫在珍珠鸡体内的发育。大量球形虫体镶嵌于气管和法氏囊微绒毛丛中。气管纤毛消失,微绒毛生发生融合。法氏囊粘膜表面可观察到宿主细胞突起,在突起的表面有数个虫体寄生。滋养体呈球状,平均大小为１．７μｍ。裂殖体拥有４个或８个香蕉状裂殖子。成熟大配子体大小为 ４.２ × ３．３μｍ,在其侧面可观察到锯齿状突起。偶尔能观察到卵囊,其表 面有一明显裂缝。虫体逸出后所留下的带虫空泡似弹坑状,根据其结构可将其分为两类,其中一类为裂殖子或小配子的形成场所,另一类为卵囊的形成场所。     

贝氏隐孢子虫在北京鸭体内发育的超微结构研究

贝氏隐孢子虫各期虫体均位于宿主粘膜上皮细胞的带虫空泡中。在虫体与上皮细胞接触处,虫体表膜反复折迭形成营养器。子孢子或裂殖子与粘膜上皮细胞接触后,逐步过渡为球形的滋养体;滋养体经2—3次核分裂、产生含4或8个裂殖子的两代裂殖体,裂殖体以外出芽方式产生裂殖子;裂殖子无微孔,顶端表皮形成3—4个环嵴,裂殖子进一步发育成为配子体;大配子体含有两种类型的成囊体。小配子呈楔形,无鞭毛和顶体,有一个致密的长椭圆形细胞核,小配子表膜内侧有9根膜下微管;孢子化卵囊内含四个裸露的子孢子和一个大残体。本文是有关鸭体内隐孢子虫超微结构的首次报导。     

广东肝血簇虫在宿主内脏裂体生殖时期超微结构的研究

本文详细描述了广东肝血簇虫(Hepatozoon guangdongensis)在实验宿主、中国水蛇肺部裂体生殖整个发育过程各期虫体的超微结构。成熟裂殖体内的裂殖子与肺部毛细血管内皮细胞内的裂殖子的超微结构是相似的。裂殖子(3.4×1.3μm)外被由外膜和内膜构成的表膜,它与球虫一样具有包括类锥体在内的完全顶复结构。内皮细胞内的裂殖子和滋养体都没有围虫泡和围虫泡膜包绕。具有内膜的长形滋养体变圆,并外被由宿主细胞产生的围虫泡和围虫泡膜包绕,转变成为圆形的幼期裂殖体,然后发育成为成熟的裂殖体。成熟裂殖体(23×10μm)内含30—50个裂殖子。裂殖体内没有观察到残余体存在。     

肠艾美耳球虫孢子发育与裂殖生殖研究

用单卵囊分离技术纯化肠艾美耳球虫Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin,1948卵囊。卵囊呈宽梨形,平均大小为27.38×19.97μm。在室温21—26℃,第63和116小时完成孢子化率分别为31％和71％。人工感染无球虫兔,潜隐期9天,排卵囊的持续期为9天,高峰期为感染后第12—13天。裂殖生殖4代,第一代裂殖体寄生于空肠和回肠的肠腺上皮细胞内,出现时间为感染后61—85小时;裂殖体有大小两种类型。第2代至第4代裂殖体寄生于空肠、回肠,寄生部位扩展至肠绒毛上皮细胞,有大、中、小三种类型裂殖体。第2至第4代分别出现于感染后96—132小时;144—180小时;192—240小时。感染后73—216小时之间均见有含两个裂殖子的小裂殖体,大小为2.5—5.9×3—9.48μm;感染后96—240小时,见粗细两种类型的裂殖子,粗裂殖子有核1—8个,细裂殖子多为一个核。裂殖生殖寄生于空肠、回肠;仅在216小时曾在蚓突的个别绒毛和腺上皮细胞内见有裂殖体。12指肠、盲肠和结肠均未见虫体寄生。作者特别瞩目于试验中发现的裂殖体和裂殖子的多型现象,并将无性世代划分为4代。     

广东肝血簇虫(Apicomplexa:Haemogre-garinidae)感染试验和生活史的研究

作者利用致乏库蚊(Culex fatigans)作为实验媒介,把寄生在灰鼠蛇(Ptyas korros)的广东肝血簇虫(Hepatozoon guangdongensis)感染到无虫的灰鼠蛇(渔游蛇(Natrix piscator)、三索锦蛇(Elaphe radita)和中国水蛇(Enhydris chinesis);观察其生活史。首次描述了由x裂殖体产生的小裂殖子,进入红细胞,经滋养体和幼小配子母体阶段发育成配子母体的过程,以及由y裂殖体产生的大裂殖子继续在内脏进行无性生殖的细节;在对广东肝血簇虫生活史进行研究的基础上,提出一种新的肝血簇虫在脊椎动物体内发育的模式和血液时期各期虫体划分的形态学标准。     

南海石斑鱼苗种肠道微孢子虫病病原的鉴定

研究通过组织病理分析、超微结构观察以及分子特征分析对石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)苗种肠道微孢子虫病病原进行了鉴定。其为一肠孢虫属新种, 命名为石斑鱼肠孢虫(Enterospora epinepheli sp. n.), 专性寄生于细胞核内, 发育过程与肠孢虫属模式种黄道蟹肠孢虫(Enterospora canceri)一致。早期单核裂殖体通过一层简单的电子薄膜与宿主细胞核质隔离。随后, 单核裂殖体发育形成多核裂殖原质团。此时, 细胞核出现明显肥大, 有的甚至被裂殖子胀破。裂殖原质团进一步发育形成多核产孢体, 并开始出现许多高电子密度的囊泡状结构。这些与极丝及锚状盘有关的囊泡状结构聚集在藕核周围, 并组装形成微孢子虫特征性结构(挤出装置)前体。随后, 产孢体原生质团通过连续分裂形成一个个孢子母细胞。孢子母细胞与细胞核直接接触, 并直接发育形成成熟孢子。成熟孢子椭圆形, 孢子长(1.56±0.31) μm (1.07—1.96 μm), 宽(1.08±0.98) μm (0.93—1.28 μm)。 孢壁分为3层, 外壁电子密度高, 厚(15.51±0.95) nm (9.87—26.18 nm), 内壁为电子透明层, 较外层更厚(81.13±2.71) nm (57.16—110.81 nm), 最里面为孢质膜。极丝为同型极丝, 共5—6圈, 分2排排列。组织病理学分析发现该微孢子虫寄生于肠道上皮杯状细胞核内, 肠壁脱落的内容物中也发现大量的微孢子虫。序列比对发现该种与之前报道的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫待定种(Microsporidium sp.)序列基本一致, 与其他相似性较高的种类的遗传距离在0.162—0.225。系统发育关系分析显示肠胞虫科的种类明显分为两支, 石斑鱼肠孢虫和肠孢虫属其他种类及毕氏肠胞虫聚为一个独立分支, 但不与该分枝中任何种类形成姊妹支。     

在北京牛体内发现的贝氏贝诺孢子虫

1.本文报告了1955年在北京屠宰场内一只黄牛的皮下组织里发现的孢子虫—贝氏贝诺孢子虫。 2.在本例所见的贝氏贝诺孢子虫,孢子囊为白色,直径为0.13—0.23毫米,成群的分布在皮下的结缔组织里。它们与血管有密切的关系。囊壁厚(18.25—36.50微米),分为三层,囊内含有一团孢子。孢子呈椭圆形或梭形。新鲜的孢子可以缓慢活动。孢子对大白鼠或小白鼠无感染力。 3.本文详述了贝诺孢子虫、住肉孢子虫和球形体三属的特点和三属的区别。贝诺孢子虫在形态上、寄生部位上和动物的自然感染率上,都和住肉孢子虫不同;在寄生部位上和繁殖方法上又和球形体不同,所以贝诺孢子虫应自成一属。文中并将过去文献中,与贝诺孢子虫形态相同的种类,加以比较确定后,均归於贝诺属内。     

毁灭泰泽球虫(Tyzzeria perniciosa)内生发育的超微结构研究——Ⅰ.裂殖生殖(Schizogony)

利用透射电镜对寄生于北京鸭小肠的毁灭泰泽球虫的裂殖生殖过程进行了观察。滋养体内未见多糖颗粒、脂肪体和致密体,在细胞质的被膜空泡内发现退化的微线和棒状体。在裂殖体核分裂过程中,出现典型的球虫型有丝分裂装置(如中心粒、中心锥、纺锤体)。裂殖子的发生是外瓣生方式,裂殖子在裂殖体的表面形成,并以母细胞的限制膜为外膜。     

水牛枯氏住肉孢子虫在犬体内发育史的研究

10只一月龄幼犬用于研究水牛枯氏住肉孢子虫的内生发育史,其中9只接种包囊,1只不接种作对照。感染后12～24小时,缓殖子进入小肠绒毛内形成大配子(4.73×3.82μm)和小配子(5.20×3.92μm),2—5天发育成卵囊;8—12天卵囊孢子化;18天卵囊孢子化完成。成熟卵囊内含2个孢予囊。孢子囊15.24×9.95μm,内有4个子孢子和成团或散状的残余体。整个发育过程在小肠绒毛(尤其是回肠上段)的基底膜与固有层的带虫空泡内进行。     

中华血簇虫的生活史研究(复顶门:孢子纲) Ⅱ.中华血簇虫在中华鳖中的发育

中华血簇虫在其无脊椎动物寄主中的发育已另有文描述。这里报道的是中华血簇虫在中华鳖中的发育。这一时期包括三个阶段:组织细胞内裂体增殖、深部血红细胞内的裂体增殖和外周血红细胞内的裂体增殖。组织细胞内裂殖体产生14—32个裂殖子。深部血红细胞内的裂殖体分为两类:一类是X裂殖体,它产生14—18个小裂殖子;另一类是Y裂殖体,它产生4—6个大裂殖子。外周血红细胞内的初期裂殖体可产生多至14个裂殖子,而随后的裂体增殖却产生越来越少的裂殖子,且裂殖体和裂殖子的大小也渐趋变小。外周血晚期的裂殖体只形成2个裂殖子。配子母细胞来源于Y裂殖子。营养体是由上一代裂殖子向下一代裂殖体发育的中间时期。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.