羊奶果根瘤内生菌的亚显微结构

羊奶果是桤木型根瘤。根瘤的横切面是轴对称的圆形结构,含菌细胞分散于皮层组织中。随着根瘤的发育,内生菌也有不同的形态结构。侵染初期的内生菌是一种分枝、具隔膜的菌丝体。幼龄菌丝中含有电子半透明的颗粒,成熟菌丝没有这种颗粒。成熟菌丝顶端会臌大形成具隔膜的椭圆球状泡囊,直径比菌丝大。不同发育时期的泡囊,其形态结构也有差异。     

感染病毒的侧耳的超微结构

从侧耳属的两个种——糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)和(Pleurotus sp.)中,提取到一种直径为23rim的球形病毒颗粒。在糙皮侧耳子实体细胞的超薄切片中病毒直径为21nm,病毒颗粒团状紧密或松散的聚集或以分散的形式存在于胞质内,常常被以膜结构。并提供了病毒在菌丝内通过隔膜孔器桶孔(dolipore septum)进行胞间易位的证据． 隔膜器的桶孔径是属于小孔径类型。本文是侧耳属病毒的首次报道。     

草鱼出血病病原的研究 Ⅱ.电镜观察

在病鱼肾组织中发现有病毒颗粒,在头肾组织中也看到类似的颗粒。病毒呈球形或六角形,直径为60—78毫微米,平均为69毫微米;颗粒中央有一电子密度较高的核心,其直径平均为32毫微米,核心周围包有外膜,宽20毫微米左右。此外,还有一种无外膜的、电子密度均匀的病毒颗粒,直径为46—60毫微米,平均为52毫微米,这种颗粒出现在细胞核和胞质包涵体内。所观察到的病毒颗粒均出现在肾的造血组织内,但红血球和颗粒白血球中没有发现。肾小管上皮细胞正常,也未观察到病毒颗粒。在正常鱼的肾组织中没有发现与病鱼标本中类似的病毒颗粒。因此可以认为,我们人工感染致病的草鱼肾组织中所观察到的病毒颗粒,是草鱼出血病的病原,暂名为草鱼疱疹病毒。       

家蚕CPV感染离体细胞的电镜观察

本文报道了BmCPV感染家蚕细胞系后的电镜观察。病毒感染早期,细胞质内形成电子致密的病毒发生基质,由病毒发生基质形成BmCPV球状病毒粒子;病毒感染48小时后,多角体在病毒发生基质周围形成,大量的病毒粒子随机包埋在多角体内;病毒接种后96小时,多角体数目增多,其形状有三角,四角,五角及六角形,细胞质内充盈多角体致使细胞核被挤向细胞一侧并伴有形态的改变,受染细胞约为40％。     

草鱼出血病病原的研究：Ⅱ．电镜观察

在病鱼肾组织中发现有病毒颗粒,在头肾组织中也看到类似的颗粒。病毒呈球形或六角形,直径为60—78毫微米,平均为69毫微米;颗粒中央有一电子密度较高的核心,其直径平均为32毫微米,核心周围包有外膜,宽20毫微米左右。此外,还有一种无外膜的、电子密度均匀的病毒颗粒,直径为46—60毫微米,平均为52毫微米,这种颗粒出现在细胞核和胞质包涵体内。所观察到的病毒颗粒均出现在肾的造血组织内,但红血球和颗粒白血球中没有发现。肾小管上皮细胞正常,也未观察到病毒颗粒。在正常鱼的肾组织中没有发现与病鱼标本中类似的病毒颗粒。因此可以认为,我们人工感染致病的草鱼肾组织中所观察到的病毒颗粒,是草鱼出血病的病原,暂名为草鱼疱疹病毒。     

河鲈锚首吸虫体壁的超微结构观察

寄生鳜鳃部的河鲈锚首吸虫的体壁由表皮合胞体、基板、环肌、纵肌和表皮细胞核周体所组成。合胞体顶部质膜起伏形成表皮的嵴纹,基部质膜折叠形成指状突起伸入到合胞体中。合胞体表面覆盖着一层糖萼。河鲈锚首吸虫的表皮中含有四类分泌体,即电子致密的分泌颗粒、中等电子致密的分泌颗粒、有膜包围的电子稀疏的分泌体和多囊体．可见分泌体和合胞体基质通过胞吐作用排到体外,未见吞饮小泡,推测表皮的主要功能在于分泌和渗透压调节而非营养吸收。在外侧头瓣的乳突状结构所在处,合胞层较薄,基板平滑,在实质组织中的一腔体样结构中可见囊状体、电子致密度各异的颗粒体、泡状体和电子致密的基质团,神经突起分布于腔体周围,这类乳突可能代表一类新的非纤毛感受器类型。     

Gilbert 综合征肝活检的超微结构特征*

目的:确定Gilbert综合征患者肝组织的超微结构特征,为Gilbert综合征的诊断和鉴别诊断提供新的方法。方法:按电镜常规进行标本制备,应用透射电镜对20例Gilbert综合征患者肝穿刺活检组织进行超微结构观察。结果:肝细胞可出现巨大线粒体,常含有副晶格样包涵体、较明显的基质致密颗粒。肝细胞常见脂褐素颗粒增多,多分布于毛细胆管周围肝细胞内。可出现较有特征性的色素颗粒,大小不等,卵圆形或不规则形,含有电子致密块状颗粒,与电子密度略低的聚集物以及脂滴互相混杂。这些溶酶体颗粒的基质由细小的、弱嗜锇性的颗粒组成。少数颗粒类似Dubin-Johnson综合征的颗粒。但颗粒较小,缺少致密核芯结构。结论:特征性的含粗大电子致密物的溶酶体对Gilbert综合征的诊断有重要参考价值。     

银耳（Tremella fuciformis）原基分化前期双核菌丝细胞和分生孢子的边缘体与质膜体

本文报道银耳（Ｔｒｅｍｅｌｌａｆｕｃｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）原基分化前期．在双核菌丝的幼细胞、成熟细胞和分生孢子中,与质膜相关联的两类膜结构──边缘体和质膜体的形成与功能。根据相似结构的存在．支持小泡或多泡体排出质膜之外附在细胞壁上成为边缘体和参于细胞壁合成的假定。银耳原基分化前期．双核菌丝迅速分裂的幼细胞．其质膜内陷产生泡状质膜体,内含数个小泡,或产生膜状质膜体;在成熟细胞中．质膜内陷通常形成回旋的膜结构──膜状质膜体．内含１—２个电子致密小泡．当这两类质膜体脱离质膜进入细胞质后,有的膜层和小泡局部被消化．因此,推断质膜体具有内吞和输送养料的作用。另外．在桶孔隔膜闭塞一侧电子致密度高的细胞质中．还观察到一种罕见的只有单个膜层的质膜体．其内充满３个电子致密小泡．估计它的形成与功能同膜状质膜体相似。作者认为．桶孔闭塞和质膜体的出现是与银耳原基细胞分化有关联的两个重要特征。最后,在成熟细胞中,尚可以观察到质膜体的膜层能够散开形成内质网．因此．内质网也可以来源于质膜体。     

鳜鱼病毒结构特征与形态发生

从患流行病的鳜鱼脾脏组织超微切片中观察到大量的病毒颗粒.该完整病毒颗粒直径约135nm±10,具包膜.成熟病毒核壳体约90nm±5,包膜厚度约18nm±3,核壳体与包膜间的非电子致密区约有27nm±2.通过对不同发病阶段发病鳜鱼脾脏组织切片的电镜观察,在感染初期的鳜鱼脾脏组织观察到病毒的吸附及典型的内吞入侵方式,在感染中后期的脾脏组织细胞质内观察到病毒发生基质及病毒核壳、包膜形成与病毒的释放.此外,在染病鳜鱼的肾、心、肝、及鳃组织亦观察到相同结构的病毒粒子.回接实验证实该病毒为引起鳜鱼暴发流行病的病原.     

鳜鱼病毒结构特征与形态发生

从患流行病的鳜鱼脾脏组织超微切片中观察到大量的病毒颗粒。该完整病毒颗粒直径约 135nm± 10 ,具包膜。成熟病毒核壳体约 90nm± 5 ,包膜厚度约 18nm± 3,核壳体与包膜间的非电子致密区约有 2 7nm± 2。通过对不同发病阶段发病鳜鱼脾脏组织切片的电镜观察 ,在感染初期的鳜鱼脾脏组织观察到病毒的吸附及典型的内吞入侵方式 ,在感染中后期的脾脏组织细胞质内观察到病毒发生基质及病毒核壳、包膜形成与病毒的释放。此外 ,在染病鳜鱼的肾、心、肝、及鳃组织亦观察到相同结构的病毒粒子。回接实验证实该病毒为引起鳜鱼暴发流行病的病原     

Electron Microscopy of Measles Virus Replication

Replication of measles virus in HeLa cells was examined by electron microscopy with ultrathin sectioning and phosphotungstic acid negative staining methods. The cytoplasmic inclusion bodies consisted of masses of helical nucleocapsid which was similar in structure to the nucleocapsid found in measles virions. The cytoplasmic helical nucleocapsid appeared to align near the HeLa cell membrane, and the membrane differentiated into the internal membrane of the viral envelope and the outer layer of the short projections. The viral particles were released by a budding process involving incorporation into the viral envelope of membrane which was contiguous to but morphologically altered from the membrane of the HeLa cells. The intranuclear inclusion bodies were composed of tubular structures similar to those found in the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. These structures aggregated to crystalline arrangement. The relationship between nuclear inclusion body and replication of measles virus was not clear.     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS

Samples taken at different intervals of time from suspension cultures of the NCTC 1469 line of mouse liver—derived (ML) cells infected with a mouse hepatitis virus have been studied with the electron microscope. The experiments revealed that the viruses are incorporated into the cells by viropexis within 1 hour after being added to the culture. An increasing number of particles are found later inside dense cytoplasmic corpuscles similar to lysosomes. In the cytoplasm of the cells from the samples taken 7 hours after inoculation, two organized structures generally associated and never seen in the controls are observed: one consists of dense material arranged in a reticular disposition (reticular inclusion); the other is formed by small tubules organized in a complex pattern (tubular body). No evidence has been found concerning their origin. Their significance is discussed. With the progression of the infection a system of membrane-bounded tubules and cisternae is differentiated in the cytoplasm of the ML cells. In the lumen of these tubules or cisternae, which are occupied by a dense material, numerous virus particles are observed. The virus particles which originate in association with the limiting membranes of tubules and cisternae are released into their lumen by a "budding" process. The virus particles are 75 mµ in diameter and possess a nucleoid constituted of dense particles or rods limiting an electron transparent core. The virus limiting membrane is sometimes covered by an outer layer of a dense material. In the cells from the samples taken 14 to 20 hours after inoculation, larger zones of the cell cytoplasm are occupied by inclusion bodies formed by channels or cisternae with their lumens containing numerous virus particles. In the samples taken 20 hours or more after the inoculation numerous cells show evident signs of degeneration.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒在CIK细胞中复制及形态发生的研究

以草鱼呼肠孤病毒（ＧＣＲＶ）感染的草鱼肾细胞系（ＣＩＫ）为模型,进行了草鱼呼肠孤病毒在细胞内的形态发生的研究。当病毒以感染复数为５￣１０ＰＦＵ／ＣＥＬＬ感染ＣＩＫ细胞时,在病毒感染细胞４ｈ以内的切片中,可观察到脱去部分外层衣壳的不完整病毒颗粒。感染细胞８ｈ,可观察到浆胞内病毒发生基质,其内含有大量的直径约５０ｎｍ的亚病毒颗粒,无外层蛋白结构。感染１２￣１６ｈ后,这些亚病毒颗粒装配上外层蛋白结构,形     

A new and unusual eimerian (protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the liver of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis

Oocysts and sporocysts of Eimeria funduli sp. n. are described from the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, on the basis of light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron miscroscopy, and location in the liver of infected hosts. The spherical sporulated oocysts of E. funduli isolated from liver tissue measure 20-31 (25) micrometer across with ovoid sporocysts 9-11 X 5-7 (10 X 6) micrometer. A micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent, but sporocysts have Stieda and substieda bodies, a few residual granules, and 10-25 (15) unique projecting structures with expanded distal portions that we term "sporopodia". Sporopodia 1-3 (2) micrometer high support a transparent membrane that completely surrounds the sporocyst. Sporozoites have one large posterior refractile body. Ultrastructurally, the oocyst wall consists of two thin layers of granular material: an electron-dense outer layer with a rough external surface and an electron-lucent inner one of approximately equal thickness. One or two unit membranes line the inner surface of the inner layer. Each layer is 40-60 (55) nm thick. The sporocyst wall, 78-130 (110) nm thick, consists of an electron-lucent material with the outer surface being more electron dense and giving rise to osmiophilic sporopodia; closely associated with these and the outer surface are one or two unit membranes. A thin osmiophilic layer of fine granular material lines the inner surface.     

OCCURRENCE OF TRI-LAMELLAR BODIES IN ISOLATES OF NOSTOC (CYANOPHYCEAE)1

Tri-lamellar bodies were observed in eight of 29 isolates of Nostoc examined. They appeared identical to the previously described bodies in various species of Anabaena. The bodies consist of three discoid lamellae each ca. 0.3 μm diam and 8 nm thick. The outer lamella (closest to the plasma membrane) is separated from the middle lamella by a 12 nm space whereas the middle and inner lamellae are ca. 8 nm apart. Osmiophilic striations 3 nm wide were generally observed running between the lamellae. Osmiophilic β granules were usually associated with the inner lamella. The bodies were most always located close to the plasma membrane along the longitudinal wall near the junction of the cross and longitudinal walls. In three isolates the bodies located near the cross walls were associated with gas vesicles and possessed a slightly different morphology. These tri-lamellar bodies consisted of three discoid lamellae, each ca. 2 nm thick, ca. 25 nm apart with electron dense material between the inner and middle lamellae. Pores 20 nm diam and ca. 60 nm apart were observed in layer 2 of the cell wall adjacent to the tri-lamellar bodies. These wall pores were also observed in isolates lacking tri-lamellar bodies.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF RABIES VIRUS IN MOUSE BRAIN

The cells of brains of 2- and 3-day old mice infected with street rabies virus were examined in the electron microscope. It was observed that characteristic rod-like or elongated particles were found within a "matrix" in the cytoplasm of nerve cells and of astrocytes. These rod-like particles can be separated into two types, on the basis of slightly different morphological features. One particle is 110 to 120 mµ wide and has double-membraned coats; the other is 120 to 130 mµ wide and is covered by a single limiting membrane. The former is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The biological relationship between the two types is unknown, but both types of particles are considered to be street rabies viruses because of their structural features. It is believed that segmentation and branching of elongated particles may play a role in virus multiplication. Negri bodies appear as dense round bodies containing various coarse structures but no virus particles.     

The fine structure of the developing oocyst of Pterospora floridiensis (Apicomplexa,Urosporidae)

Developing oocysts of the gregarine Pterospora floridiensis Landers 2001 were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Each oocyst had an outer capsule and an inner capsule that contained 8 sporozoites. In early stages of development the inner capsular wall was separated from the developing sporozoites and residual mass, and was not appressed to the sporozoites. Early stage sporozoites were connected to a residual mass and were filled with endoplasmic reticulum, golgi and numerous developing secretory vesicles. In late stages of oocyst and sporozoite development, the inner capsular wall was closely appressed to the sporozoite surface. The inner capsular wall was ～60-100 nm thick and the outer capsular wall was ～160-320 nm thick. There were no extensions on the outer wall for which the genus was named. Late stage sporozoites had no residual mass connection, were more electron dense, and contained three distinct types of dense secretory structures: 1) small oval/spherical dense vesicles, 2) large (350-400 nm) vesicles near the anterior end, and 3) elongated dense tubular bodies that converged at the apex. Few ultrastructural reports exist of developing gregarine oocysts and sporozoites, and as more studies are completed these morphological characteristics may be important in interpreting molecular phylogenetic analyses.     

Membrane-bounded intratubular bodies in rat taste buds

The ultrastructural features of membrane-bounded bodies contained in the tubulo-vesicular system in the outer segment of taste bud cells are described. Each body showed a round, fusiform or oval shape, was surrounded by a trilaminar membrane and enclosed an electron dense matrix sometimes containing inclusions. These bodies were found at all ages studied. Similar structures were also found embedded in the material plugging the taste pore. Our finding suggest that these bodies could be secreted at the free surface of the cells and be involved in the concentration of divalent cations.     

The fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana: 2. Mature macrogamonts and young oocysts.

The fine structure of the mature macrogamonts and intracellular oocysts of Eimeria labbeana from the ileal mucosa of experimentally infected Pigeons (Columbia livia) was investigated and described. The macrogamont reached a maximum size of 12.0 x 9.5 mum (average equals 10.8 x 8.8 mum), and was located within a narrow parasitophorus vacuole. Most of the macrogamonts were limited by two membranes. Intravacuolar tubules, 1.2 mum long and 58 nm in diameter, established direct connections between the parasite and the host cell. Each tabule was composed of 9 subunits arranged around the central lumen. Cytoplasmic canaliculi were composed of bundles of microtubule-like structures (8-10 nm wide). Type 1 wall-forming bodies reached a maximum size of 1.8 x 1.5 mum, and many had centric or eccentric electron transparent portions within them. They were frequently seen lodged within peripherally-located mitochondria. Type 2 wall-forming bodies averaged 1.5 mum in diameter. The role of the two types of wall-forming bodies in forming the outer and inner layers of the wall of the oocyst was similar to that in other species of Eimeria. The oocyst wall was 0.2 mum thick and composed of a limiting membrane (20 nm thick), an outer layer (75 nm thick), and an inner layer (100 nm thick).     

The fine structure of a tri-lamellar body in various species ofAnabaena

Summary A tri-lamellar body has been observed either near or adjacent to the crosswalls in 16 out of 20 different isolates ofAnabaena examined in thin sections. These bodies appear to consist of three discoid lamellae approximately 0.3 m in diameter. The outer lamella (closest to the plasma membrane) is separated from the middle lamella by a 12 nm space and is about 8 nm in thickness. The middle and inner lamellae, spaced about 8 nm apart, are approximately 8 nm in thickness. Electron dense granules, interpreted to be -granules, are associated with the inner lamella. In different species, osmiophilic lines 3 nm wide were observed. The osmiophilic lines run at right angles to the lamellae, either between the outer and middle lamellae, between the middle and inner lamellae or between all three lamellae. In some species, osmiophilic lines are absent. Up to six tri-lamellar bodies have been observed in median longitudinal sections. Pores 20 nm in diameter and 60 nm apart were observed in layer 2 of the cell wall of all the species ofAnabaena examined. All species which had tri-lamellar bodies also had wall pores closely associated with the bodies. Wall pores were also observed in four species lacking tri-lamellar bodies. The possible role of these structures is discussed.