中国黄耆属(豆科)丁字毛类群2新种——额尔齐斯黄耆和沙地黄耆

描述了产于中国新疆的黄耆属（Astragalus）丁字毛类群2新种,即额尔齐斯黄耆（Astragalus eerqisiensis Z.Y.Chang,L. R. Xu ＆ D.Podlech）和沙地黄耆（A.shadiensis L. R. Xu,Z.Y.Chang ＆ D.Podlech）.其中,额尔齐斯黄耆仅见于新疆布尔津县的额尔齐斯河流域,与哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）近缘,区别在于前者小叶菱形、倒卵形或椭圆形,长15～25（30）mm,宽（3）7～12（15）mm,旗瓣长20～22（25）mm,翼瓣顶端2裂;沙地黄耆产于新疆托克逊县东北部,散生于沙地荒漠,形态上与变异黄耆（A. variabilis Bunge ex Maxim.）接近,区别在于小叶5～7（9）枚而非11～19枚,旗瓣在中部收缩,植株全体被灰色毛而呈灰色.2新种均系中国特有种,其中额尔齐斯黄耆隶属于乌拉尔组（A. Sect.Helmia Bunge）,沙地黄耆隶属于旱生组[A. Sect.Craccina（Stev.）Bunge].     

国产6种黄耆属植物的核型研究

报道了国产黄耆属(Astragalus)6种植物的染色体数目和核型。结果表明,这6种黄耆属植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为：甘青黄耆(A．tangutlcus),2n=16=6m 8sm 2t,“3A”核型;悬垂黄耆(A．dependens),2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;四川黄耆(A．sutchuenensis),2n=16=8m 8sm,“2A”核型;萨雷古拉黄耆(A.pavlovlanus),2n=16=12m 4sm,“1A”核型;喜石黄耆(A.petraeus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;拟糙叶黄耆(A.pseudoscaberrimus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型。这6种黄耆属植物的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

中国西北地区11种黄耆属植物的细胞学研究

对分布于中国西北地区的11种黄耆属植物进行了细胞学研究,其中9种作了核型分析。结果表明,杯萼黄耆（Astragalus cupulicalycinus）为六倍体（2n=48）,酒泉黄耆（A.jiuquanensis）具有2种细胞型：2n=32的四倍体和2n=48的六倍体,其余种类均为二倍体（2n=16)。9个种的核型公式分别为：木黄耆（A.arbuscula）,2n=16=14 2sm,“1A”核型;胀萼黄耆（A.ellipsoideus）,2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;粗毛黄耆（A.scabrisetus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;秦岭黄耆（A.henryi),2n=16=8m 8sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）,2n=16=10m 6sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;变异黄耆（A.variabilis）,2n=16=4m 10sm(2SAT) 2t,“2A”核型;喜沙黄耆（A.ammodytes),2n=16=6m 10sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;密花黄耆（A.densiflorus),2n=16=6m(2SAT) 10sm,“2A”核型;茧荚黄耆（A.lehmannianus),2n=16=14m(2SAT) 2st,“2A”核型。所有研究种中,仅变异黄耆的染色体数目有过报道,其余种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。     

准噶尔西部山地黄耆属丁字毛类群的研究

在野外调查、标本鉴定和文献考证的基础上,对准噶尔西部山地黄耆属丁字毛类群进行了研究.结果表明：该地区黄耆属丁字毛类群有26种,包括中国分布新记录1种,即多角黄耆（Astragalus polyceras Kar.et Kir.）,《中国植物志》遗漏种4种,即留土黄耆（A.hypogaeus Ledeb.）、灌木黄耆（A.suffruticosus DC.）、流沙黄耆（A.sabuletorum Ldb.）和亚黄耆（A.consanguineus Bong.et Mey.）.为6种植物补充了地区分布新资料.列出了分种检索表,对每个种类的文献引证及地理分布进行了简要记述,并对中国分布新记录及《中国植物志》遗漏种进行了形态学描述.     

莲山黄耆及其近缘种长管萼黄耆微形态特征比较研究

对莲山黄耆(A.leansanicusUlbr.)和长管萼黄耆(A.li mprichtiiUlbr.)的形态及微观形态特征进行了对比研究,认为两者的萼筒皆为较明显的管状,荚果皆为线形,支持将二者归为同一组,即将长管萼黄耆从原先的旱生组(Sect.Crasinna(Stev.)Bunge)移至鸟爪组(Sect.Crasinna(Stev.)Bunge)。但是莲山黄耆叶的上表皮无毛,荚果明显较短,两者在丁字毛臂长比和气孔分布方面也有明显差异,再结合其地理分布的差别,认为两者应为独立的种。     

横断山高山冰缘带5种黄耆属植物的核型分析

通过常规植物染色压片法对采自横断山高山冰缘带地区豆科黄耆属（Astragalus）5种植物进行了染色体数目及核型分析。结果显示：川西黄耆（A. craibianus Simps.）、无茎黄耆（A. acaulis Baker）、梭果黄耆（A. ernestii Comb.）、东俄洛黄耆（A. tongolensis Ulbr.）为二倍体,窄翼黄耆（A. degensis Ulbr.）为四倍体,所有物种的染色体基数均为x=8;川西黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=6sm+10m,为2A型,无茎黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,梭果黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,窄翼黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=4x=32=4sm+28m,为1A型,东俄洛黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2st+2sm+12m,为2A型。已报道横断山的黄耆属物种均为二倍体,而本研究首次发现了四倍体种,研究结果补充了横断山高山地区黄耆属植物染色体的基础资料,同时为该区域的植物系统分类及属内植物进化研究提供了细胞分类学上的参考。     

乳白花黄耆(豆科)的一些新异名

通过对模式标本和模式产地标本以及大量腊叶标本的研究,结合野外居群生物学观察,认为科布尔黄耆(Astragalus koburensis Bunge)、宁夏黄耆(A.ningxiaensis Podlech et L.R.Xu)、河套盐生黄耆(Astragalus salsugineus Kar.et Kir.var.hetaoensis H.C.Fu)、德令哈黄耆(Astragalus acceptus Podlech et L.R.Xu)均为乳白花黄耆(Astragalus galactites Pall.)的异名,该文对其进行了订正。     

科布尔黄耆（豆科）新异名及其在中国分布的新资料

通过野外标本采集、鉴定和对国内标本馆大量标本的观察研究,在国内文献中首次报道了科布尔黄耆(As-tragalus koburensis Bunge);纠正了之前国内几个标本馆将科布尔黄耆鉴定为乳白花黄耆(A.galactites Pall.)的错误;同时将宁夏黄耆(A.ningxiaensis Podlech et L.R.Xu)处理为科布尔黄耆的一个异名;并对科布尔黄耆在中国的分布范围和生态地理特征进行了讨论。     

蒙古高原黄耆属部分争议种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术对蒙古高原黄耆属属下部分争议类群的亲缘关系进行了研究。用11条ISSR引物对8个种的45份材料进行扩增,共获得条带188条,其中多态性条带178条,多态性条带百分率达94.7%。用NTSYSpc2.10e软件对相关数据进行UPGMA聚类分析,在相似性系数为0.73处,45份材料被划分为7大类群,其中,科布尔黄耆(Astragalus koburensis)与乳白花黄耆(A.galactites)聚为一支,表明前者可能仅是后者的生态型,应当处理为后者的异名;不同产区的糙叶黄耆(A.scaberrimus)和变异黄耆(A.variabilis)分别聚为一支,其各自的形态变异得以区分,但均应属于种内变异的范畴;莲山黄耆(A.leansanicus)与长管萼黄耆(A.limprichtii)分别聚为一支,支持将二者处理为两个相互独立的种。在相似性系数为0.66处,45份材料又被划分为4大类,类群的划分与黄耆属属下"组"的划分接近,但又存有差别。PCoA分析的结果与UPGMA聚类分析基本一致。相关分析结果表明,以组为单位划分黄耆属植物具有合理性,但部分组的设立以及部分种的归属仍需调整,准确地揭示黄耆属植物间的系统进化关系,还需要更多的材料采用多种分子标记方法。     

中国黄耆属一新分类群

昭陵黄耆 (新种) 图 1 Astragalus (subgen. Cercidothrix sect. Traehyeeris) zhaolingicus K. T. Fu, sp. nov. Species A. galactiti Pall. affinis, sed plantis humilioribus; foliolis paucioribus (11-15) parvioribusque, 3-5.5 mm longis, 1-1.5 mm latis; breviter inflorescentiis 3-7-floris; bracteis margine nonnisi     

XXXIV.–Notices of recent Ornithological Publications. An A. B. C. of Common Birds.

[An A. B. C. of Common Birds. A pocket guide to the commoner inland Birds of Britain. Pp. 1–04. Price 6d., by post 7d. Published by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, 23 Queen Anne's Gate, S.W.]     

A comparative morphological observations of Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis and A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang

A comparative observations of the morphology on the stem, winter bud, fruit, pollen grains of A. chinensis Planch. var. chinensis and A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang have been made and the obvious differences in these aspects are obvious. In stem tissue culture, the frequency of calli induced and plantlets produced of A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida is also higher than that of A. chinensis Planch. chinensis. For this reason we suggest to raise A. chinensis Planch. var. hispida as a newspecies.     

1H n.m.r. studies of insulin. Assignment of resonances and properties of tyrosine residues.

The assignment of the aromatic 1H n.m.r. resonances of the four tyrosine residues of bovine 2-zinc insulin is reported, based on double resonance techniques, use of Hahn spin echo pulse sequences and examination of specific derivatives nitrated at tyrosines A14 and A19 as well as des-(B26-B30)-insulin. Titration curves of the four tyrosine residues show that residues A14 and B16 have normal pK' values of 10.3-10.6 in solution, consistent with their accessibility to solvent in monomer and dimer in the crystal. Tyrosine residues A19 and B26 have pK' values of 11.4 and exhibit other features in their titration curves that are consistent with limited accessibility to solvent and a nonpolar environment. The meta protons of residues B16 and B26 both observe the titration of a nearby tyrosine residue, probably A19. Interpretation of the n.m.r. data obtained in solution is consistent with the crystallographic data for the monomer and dimer obtained on insulin crystals [Blundell, Dodson, Hodgkin & Mercola (1972) Adv. Protein Chem. 26, 279-402].     

Andropause ou P.A.D.A.M.

Recently the word P.A.D.A.M. has been proposed to replace the term Andropause (Partiel Andrologen Deficiency in Aging Males). This implies that most if not all problems of the aging male are due to testosterone déficiency, which is not at all true when one considers the results of endocrine investigations in that group. So many other sociological and relational causes are involved that the term P.A.D.A.M. is clearly a misnomer.     

Culture studies of Acrochaete leptochaete comb. nov. and A. wittrockii comb. nov. (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyceae)

A culture study of the plants known as Phaeophila leptochaete (Huber) Nielsen and P. wittrockii (Wille) Nielsen proved that these are distinct species. Both have the Acrochaete type of hairs, and therefore, the new combinations Acrochaete leptochaete and A. wittrockii are introduced. Several isolates of both species were started from plants collected at different places in Europe.
A. leptochaete in culture was mainly characterised by having two or more (up to six) pyrenoids in many of its cells, while in A. wittrockii there invariably was only one. The swarmers formed by A. leptochaete had two or four flagella. Several hairs from one basal swelling were sometimes observed in one of the isolates. Another isolate often formed a hair on the germinated zoospore. The isolates of A. wittrockii had a variable morphology, from unicellular plants to large pseudoparenchymatous cell masses. Different kinds of swarmers were observed; zoospores with three flagella seemed typical, but ones with two or four flagella were also observed. Small, pale biflagellate swarmers were assumed to be gametes. One of the isolates of A. wittrockii differed from the rest as the only swarmer type observed was zoospores with two flagella. Chlorophilum ephemerum is considered identical to A. wittrockii. Observations on hair formation in A. repens suggested that the hair structure represents a separate cell.     

Ligand binding to heme proteins. VI. Interconversion of taxonomic substates in carbonmonoxymyoglobin.

The kinetic properties of the three taxonomic A substates of sperm whale carbonmonoxy myoglobin in 75% glycerol/buffer are studied by flash photolysis with monitoring in the infrared stretch bands of bound CO at nu(A0) approximately 1967 cm-1, nu(A1) approximately 1947 cm-1, and nu(A3) approximately 1929 cm-1 between 60 and 300 K. Below 160 K the photodissociated CO rebinds from the heme pocket, no interconversion among the A substates is observed, and rebinding in each A substate is nonexponential in time and described by a different temperature-independent distribution of enthalpy barriers with a different preexponential. Measurements in the electronic bands, e.g., the Soret, contain contributions of all three A substates and can, therefore, be only approximately modeled with a single enthalpy distribution and a single preexponential. The bond formation step at the heme is fastest for the A0 substate, intermediate for the A1 substate, and slowest for A3. Rebinding between 200 and 300 K displays several processes, including geminate rebinding, rebinding after ligand escape to the solvent, and interconversion among the A substates. Different kinetics are measured in each of the A bands for times shorter than the characteristic time of fluctuations among the A substates. At longer times, fluctuational averaging yields the same kinetics in all three A substates. The interconversion rates between A1 and A3 are determined from the time when the scaled kinetic traces of the two substates merge. Fluctuations between A1 and A3 are much faster than those between A0 and either A1 or A3, so A1 and A3 appear as one kinetic species in the exchange with A0. The maximum-entropy method is used to extract the distribution of rate coefficients for the interconversion process A0 <--> A1 + A3 from the flash photolysis data. The temperature dependencies of the A substate interconversion processes are fitted with a non-Arrhenius expression similar to that used to describe relaxation processes in glasses. At 300 K the interconversion time for A0 <--> A1 + A3 is 10 microseconds, and extrapolation yields approximately 1 ns for A1 <--> A3. The pronounced kinetic differences imply different structural rearrangements. Crystallographic data support this conclusion: They show that formation of the A0 substate involves a major change of the protein structure; the distal histidine rotates about the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond, and its imidazole sidechain swings out of the heme pocket into the solvent, whereas it remains in the heme pocket in the A1 <--> A3 interconversion. The fast A1 <--> A3 exchange is inconsistent with structural models that involve differences in the protonation between A1 and A3.     

土圞儿属和旋花豆属(豆科)的孢粉学研究

在扫描电子显微镜下,对豆科土儿属(Ap ios)和旋花豆属(Coch lianthus)7个种植物的花粉进行了观察.结果表明,2个属的花粉均为三孔沟,形状为三角球形或球形.土儿属的花粉可划分为2种类型:肉色土儿(A.carnea)的花粉外壁为典型的网状纹饰,其它种的花粉外壁较光滑,具颗粒状或短条纹状纹饰,研究结果不支持土儿属下亚属的划分;肉色土儿花粉外壁的网状纹饰式样可能反映了其在土儿属中处在较进化的位置.土儿属东亚分布种的花粉类型较为多样,原始和进化2种类型并存,表明东亚可能是土儿属的起源地和演化中心.旋花豆属的花粉特征和肉色土儿相似,说明两者之间的亲缘关系可能较近.     

A Bryophyte flora of Cornwall. II. Sphagna

Abstract

The taxonomy of Anomobryum julaceum and allied species with axillary bulbils in Europe and Asia is reviewed. A. concinnatum is regarded as a distinct species, occurring in W. and C. Europe, SW., N. and C. Asia and N. America. A. bavaricum has often been confused with A. concinnatum, but differs in its more numerous, small, reddish bulbils and in leaf shape; it is known only from the European Alps. The Asian A. nitidum also has numerous small reddish bulbils but it differs from A. bavaricum in leaf shape and bulbil form. A lectotype is designated for A. nitidum, of which A. gemmigerum and other nominal taxa are regarded as synonyms. Information is presented on geographical ranges and habitats of the four valid species.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。