开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析

对盆栽开普芦荟和（Ａloe ferox Miller)和木立卢荟(Aloe arborescens Miller)植物根尖细胞的染色体进行了观察分析。结果表明开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体数与已见报导的百合科（Lil-iaceae)中国芦荟（Alov vera var．chinensis)植物染色体数相同,２n=14.染色体类型按Ｌevan方法分类,没有近端染色体和随体。开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析结果均为Ｋ（２n)=2x=4sm 10st.根据Ｓtebbins的核型分类标准,开普芦荟的核型为“４Ｃ”型,而木立芦荟的核型为“３Ｃ”型。两种芦荟染色体相对长度组成均为２n=14=6L 2M2 6S.根据核型研究,可以确定百合科开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体基数为Ｘ＝７。     

兰科11属14种植物核型分析

采用染色体压片技术对兰科（Orchidaceae）11属14种植物进行染色体数目和核型研究。结果如下：短序脆兰（Acampe papillosa）2n=2x=36m＋2sm;多花脆兰（Acampe rigida）2n=2x=32m＋6sm;窄唇蜘蛛兰（Arachnis labrosa）2n=2x=34m＋4sm;广东隔距兰（Cleisostoma simondii vat．guangdongense）2n=2x=32m＋6sm;五唇兰（Doritis pulctwrima）2n=2x=30m＋8sm;镰叶盆距兰（Gastrochilus acinacifolius）2n=2x=38m;盆距兰（Gastrochilus calceolaris）2n：2x=38m;无茎盆距兰（Gastrochilus obliquus）2n=2x=38m;白唇槽舌兰（Holcoglossum sbulifolium）2n=2x=38m;大尖囊兰（Kingidium deliciosum）2n=2x=30m＋8sm;钗子股（Luisia morsei）2n=2x=24m＋12sm＋2st;鹿角兰（Pomatocalpa spicatum）2n=2x=36m＋2sm;海南钻喙兰（Rhynchostylis gigantea）2n=2x=36m＋2sm;大叶寄树兰（Robiquetia spathulata）2n=2x=36m＋2sm。根据研究结果,对芝科植物的系统与进化进行了简要讨论。     

国产毛茛属植物五种一变种的核型

对国产6种毛茛属(Ranunculus)植物进行了核型研究。它们的核型公式分别为:扇叶毛茛2n=4x=32=12m 20sm,云生毛茛2n=4x=32=16m 10sm 6st,曲升毛茛2n=4x=32=14m 16sm 2st及2n=5x=40=18m 16sm 4st 2T,西南毛茛2n=2x=16=12m 2sm 2st,匍枝毛茛2n=2x=16=8m 8st及2n=4x=32=12m 4sm 14st 2t,棱喙毛茛2n=2x=16=6m 6sm 4st。并结合形态及孢粉的资料就毛茛属植物核型不对称系数对分类的意义进行分析。     

开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析

对盆栽开普卢荟(Aloe ferox Miller)和木立卢荟(Aloe arborescens Miller)植物根尖细胞的染色体进行了观察分析。结果表明开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体数与已见报导的百合科(Liliaceae)中国芦荟(Alov vera var.chinensis)植物染色体数相同, 2n=14。染色体类型按Levan 方法分类, 没有近端部染色体和随体。开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析结果均为K(2n)=2x=4sm+10st。根据Stebbins 的核型分类标准, 开普芦荟的核型为\"4C\"型, 而木立芦荟的核型为\"3C\"型。两种芦荟染色体相对长度组成均为2n=14=6L+2M2+6S。根据核型研究, 可以确定百合科开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体基数为X=7。     

国产七种和一变种兰属植物的核型研究

对国产7种和1变种兰属植物,即邱北冬蕙兰Cymbidium qiubeiense、春兰C. goeringii、春剑 C．longibracteatum、线叶春兰C．serratum、蕙兰C.faberi、送春C.fabri var．szechuanicum、寒兰C．kanran、莎 叶兰C．cyperifolium 的核型进行了研究。具体结果如下：邱北冬蕙兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;蕙兰为2n=40=30m+8sm+2st;送春为2n=40=26m+l0sm+4st;寒兰为2n=40=26m+12sm+2st;莎叶兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;春兰为2n=40=24m+l0sm+4st+2t;春剑为2n=40=24m+l0sm+6st。线叶春兰为2n=40=28m+l0sm+2st。线叶春兰中偶尔发现染色体数有2n=41,43,60,80。     

甘草属2种植物的核型研究

用光学显微镜观察了豆科(Leguminosae)甘草属(Glycyrrhiza)2种荒漠植物的染色体,研究结果表明,黄甘草(G.eurycarpa P.C.Li)、腺荚甘草(G．korshinskii G．Grig)的体细胞染色体数目均为2n＝16,核型公式2n＝2x＝16＝16m,属于Stebbins核型的“lA”型。     

锦鸡儿属植物14个种类的核型

报道了锦鸡儿属Caragana 14种的核型,体细胞中期染色体的核型分别为：（1）柠条Caragana korshinskii Kom.2n=16=19m 7sm;(2)印度锦鸡儿C.gerardiana Royle 2n=16=12m 4sm;(3）锦鸡儿C.sinica(Buc‘hoz)Rehd。2n=24=15m 9sm;(4)狭叶锦鸡儿C.stenophylla Pojark 2n=32=21m 10sm 1st;(5)短脚锦鸡儿C.brachypoda Pojark.2n=16=8m 5sm 3st;(6)云南锦鸡儿C.franchetiana Kom.2n=16=13m 2sm 1st;(7)甘蒙锦鸡儿C.opulens Kom.2n=16 1b=8m 7sm 1st 1B;(8)刺叶锦鸡儿C.acanthopylla Pojark.2n=16=12m 4sm;(9)红花锦鸡儿C.rosea Maxim.2n=16=10m 6sm;(10)扁刺锦鸡儿C.boisi Schneid.2n=16=11m 4sm 1st;(11)二色锦鸡儿C.bicolor Kom.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1B;（12）川西锦鸡儿C.erinacea Kom.2n=16=12m 3sm 1st;（13）粗刺锦鸡儿C.crassispina Marq.2n=16=10m 6sm;(14)树锦鸡儿C.arborescens Lam.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1b.其中短脚锦鸡儿、云南锦鸡儿、红花锦鸡儿、扁刺锦鸡儿、二色锦鸡儿、粗刺锦鸡儿的核型为首次报道。     

中国芦荟染色体核型分析

以中国芦荟为试验材料,按常规染色体压片法,观察中期分裂相并进行显微摄影。染色体类型按Ｌｅｖａｎ方法分类,其核型为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｓｔ＋８ｓｍ。     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

5种桤木属植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对桦木科（Betulaceae）桤木属（Ainus Mill.）东亚地区5种植物进行染色体数目与核型研究。结果显示：所试验物种中染色体形态比较一致,多是由中部（m）及近中部（sm）着丝点染色体组成。其中A.nitida染色体数为2n=28,核型公式为K（2n）=28=22m 4sm(2SAT) 2st(2SAT);A.hirsuta染色体数为2n=42,核型公式为K(2n)=42=36m 6sm; A.cremastogyne,A.formosana 染色体数均为2n=56,核型公式分别为K(2n)=56=2M 40m(1SAT) 14sm(1SAT)和K(2n)=56=46m 8sm 2st;A.firma染色体数为2n=112,核型公式为K(2n)=112=80m 28sm 4st。     

东北柴胡属细胞分类学研究Ⅰ．6种柴胡的核型分析

本文报道了国产６种柴胡的核型,发现在肇东五里木存在一种与日本产三岛柴胡Ｂ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｍ具有相同核型特征的柴胡,暂称其五里木居群。柞柴胡Ｂ．ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉａｎｕｍＬｉｎｃｚ．２ｎ＝８＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．红柴胡Ｂｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕ,Ｗｉｌｌｄ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ．北柴胡ＢｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＤＣ．２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．锥叶柴胡Ｂ．ｂｉｃａｕｌｅＨｅｌｍ２ｎ＝３２＝２０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ．大叶柴胡Ｂ．ｌｏｎｇｉｒａｄｉａｔｕｍＴｕｒｃｚ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ五里木居群２ｎ＝２６＝１６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）文章最后根据核型特征分析了东北地区各种柴胡间的演化关系．     

Karyomorphology and GC-rich heterochromatin pattern in Passiflora (Passifloraceae) wild species from Decaloba and Passiflora subgenera

Thirteen wild species of Passiflora were analyzed using conventional and CMA/DA/DAPI staining to evaluate the karyotype diversity between and within the subgenus Decaloba and Passiflora. The karyotypic features indicate that both subgenera have a conserved chromosome number, as reported before for several species. Submetacentric (sm) chromosomes were found in species from both subgenera, suggesting that sm chromosomes are not restricted to a particular subgenus. The analysis of the karyotypic heterogeneity enabled to distribute the species in three groups, but with no support to phylogenetic and taxonomic levels. The application of fluorochromes allowed for the visualization of CMA⁺/DAPI⁻ blocks, which in our studies always correlated with the occurrence of satellites, showing that occurrence of two chromosome pairs with satellites per cell is a characteristic shared by some species from both subgenera. This feature does not always have relationship with the basic chromosome number. The data found in this study will help to understand the phylogeny, cytotaxonomy, and evolution of the genus Passiflora showing that karyotypic variation can be seen between and within the subgenus Decaloba and Passiflora.     

贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.     

A Cytotaxonomic Study on the Genus Aspidistra (Liliaceae) (1)—Karyotypes of 7 Species from Sichuan

In the work mitotic chromosomes in root-tips of 7 species native to Sichuan Province were examined and their karyotypes were analysed based on 7-8 cells at mitotic metaphase, using Levan et al.'s (1964) nomenclature. The list of species and origin of the materialsused in this work are provided in the appendix. The micrographs of mitotic metaphase of allthe materials are shown in Plates 1 and 2; the idiograms in Fig. 1, 1-9, and the parametersof chromosomes are provided in Tables 1-9. All the chromosome countings and karyotypes inthis paper are reported for the first time. Characteristics of the karyotypes may be summarized as follows: 1. 2n=38 are found in all the materials except A. sichuanensis, which has 3 cytotypes, i.e,2n=38+5B, 2n=38+lB and 2n=38+OB (Plate 2, 1-2, Fig. 1, 5-6). 2. The karyotypes are of two major types: the karyotype of A. flaviflora falls into 3C inStebbins's (1958, 197l) classification of karyotypes and those of all the other species into 2C.The two types are also different from each other in the number of large and medium-sizedchromosomes pairs and morphology of the first pair of chromosomes (compare Plate 2, 5, Fig.1, 9 with the other micrographs and idiograms).A. flaviflora with the karyotype 3C also differsfrom the other species in a series of gross morphological characters: the species is of a yellow andcampanulate corolla. 3. The species with caespitose leaves (A. caespitosa and A. omeiensis) have essentially thesame karyotype, which is rather different from those of the species with scattered leaves. Thereare two pairs of small sm chromosomes (arm ratio ≥1.90) in the former karyotype (Tables 1and 3), but all the small chromosomes are m or sm with arm ratio <1.80 in the latter karyotypes.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. 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吉林省产5种百合的核型研究

报道了吉林省产５种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型：①毛百合Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ ｄａｕｒｉｃｕｍ Ｋｅｒ．－Ｇｅｗ１．２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;②有斑百合Ｌ．ｃｏｎｃｏｌｏｒ Ｓａｌｉｓｂ．ｖａｒ．ｂｕｓｃｈｉａｎｕｍ（Ｌｏｄｄ．）Ｂａｋｅｒ ２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ;③兰州百合Ｌ．ｄａｖｉｄ     

长春花核型的研究

对长春花属的长春花(Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don)、白长春花(C. roseus(L.)G.Don'Albus')和黄长春花(C.roseus(L.)G.Don'Flavus')的染色体数目和核型进行了研究.结果表明,它们的核型公式均为2n=2x=16=2m 12sm 2T,均属于\"3A\"核型,染色体数目均为2n=16,但它们的端部和中部着丝点染色体在核型分析中的排列次序不同.     

七筋姑的细胞地理学研究

根据本文对中国境内(从西藏聂拉木—吉林长白山)七筋姑10个居群的核型及细胞地理学和形态学分化的研究结果及前人的资料指出,东亚的七筋姑具有两种倍性,2n＝14的二倍体和2n=28的四倍体。二倍体分布于云南～俄罗斯远东滨海边区,核型相当一致：K(2n)=2V+6J+2V+4j(2NOR+2j), 2A(→2B)。四倍体除出现在东亚(或二倍体分布区)的两端——云南及其以西的喜马拉雅地区和日本外,目前仅在陕西南部化龙山北坡中山一带较狭的范围内发现。在东亚两端四倍体的核型为K(2n)=4V+12J+4v+8j(2NOR十6j),2A(→2B),且相当一致;在中部为K(2n)＝4V+12J(2NOR+10J)+4v+8j[K(2n)＝10m+16sm(2SAT)+2st],2A,二者核型具有相似性但有一定的差异。北美4种全部为2n＝28,且核型一致。因此,七筋姑属的染色体基数x＝7而非14。该属核型的原始类型在东亚,北美是该属的次生分化中心和现代分布中心。在东亚类群中,除种子随多倍化而增大,种子的颜色与地理分布有关外,很难从其它形态特征上作进一步区分。因此,主要以叶子大小、花序类型和花的数目,果实、种子的大小和颜色等特征作为(Clintonia alpina或C．udensis var．alpina的分类依据是不充分的。     

国产12种乌头属和18种翠雀属植物的细胞学研究

研究了12种乌头属Aconitum L．和18种翠雀属Delphinium L．植物的染色体。在12种乌头属植物中,除粗花乌头A．crassiflorum为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外,其他种类都为二倍体(2n=2x＝16),中甸乌头 A.piepunense中有B染色体存在,牛扁亚属Aconitum subgen．Lycoctonum的二倍体植物与乌头亚属Aconitum subgen．Aconitum 植物的染色体在大小和形态上有明显区别;所有18种翠雀属植物都为二倍体(2n＝2x=16),其染色体在大小和形态上极为相似,但与乌头亚属的染色体易于区别。翠雀属植物的核型不对称性程度明显高于乌头属植物,因此从染色体证据来看,翠雀属要比乌头属进化。