款冬属的核形态（菊科：千里光族）

了款冬属的核形态。染色体间期为简单型与复杂型的过渡型;前期染色体为近基型的过渡型。染色体较小,核型不对称,具明显的二型性;数目与核型公式为２ｎ＝６０＝４２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＿６ｓｔ＋２ｔ。比较发现款冬的核型不同于千里光族中已有的核型记载,其核型特征似乎与它独特的形态特征相联系,具有重要的系统学意义。     

人心果和蛋黄果染色体核型分析

研究了山榄科的2种优稀热带果树--人心果及蛋黄果的染色体计数及其染色体形态与核型分析.结果表明:人心果体细胞染色体2n=2X=26,核型类型为2B型,核型公式为18m+8sm,染色体相对长度组成为2L+12M:+8M1+4S,不对称系数为61.71%;蛋黄果体细胞染色体2n=2X=28,核型类型为1A型.核型公式为26m+2sm,染色体相对长度组成为2L+10M2+16M1,不对称系数为59.193%.     

贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.     

伞形花科5种主要蔬菜作物的核型分析

采用卡宝染色压片法对伞形花科5种主要蔬菜作物进行了核型分析和比较.结果表明:芹菜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+2sm+8st+6t,染色体核型为"3B"型;芫荽的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=2m+2sm+18st,染色体核型为"3A"型;茴香的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=14m+6sm+2st,染色体核型为"2B"型;水芹的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+6sm+10st,染色体核型为"3A"型;胡萝卜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=18=6m+10sm+2st,染色体核型为"2A"型.并对他们的亲缘关系、遗传多样性进行了探讨.     

两种羽叶菊属植物(菊科:千里光族)的细胞学研究及其系统学意义

该研究首次报道了滇羽叶菊和台湾刘寄奴的染色体数据。结果表明:两者的染色体数量都为48,核型公式均为2n=2x=36m+10sm+2st,与前人报道的刻裂羽叶菊的核型稍有不同。两者的染色体形态均由大到小逐渐变化,核型二型性不明显,但前者染色体明显比后者大。这说明羽叶菊属染色体基数确实应为x=24,且染色体大小在种间有较大差异。细胞学证据表明,该属与蒲儿根属中染色体基数为x=24的类群以及狗舌草属确实近缘。     

山东昆嵛山细形山地涡虫染色体组型的研究

首次报道了胶东半岛昆嵛山细形山地涡虫Phagocata vivida的形态特征,运用组织再生的方法获得中期分裂相分析了体细胞染色体组型,其2倍体细胞具有36条染色体,核型公式为:2n=2x=10m+26sm,并与产于日本的细形山地涡虫核型进行了比较,发现二者染色体数目相同,但核型参数存在一定差别.     

蛾螺科三种螺的核型观察

本文介绍了蛾螺科三种螺的核型。水泡蛾螺(Buccinum pcmphigum)为2n=30,染色体的形态分类组成为16m+10sm+4st,NF=56;Plicifusus scissuratus为2n=34,染色体的形态分类组成为20m+10sm+4st,NF=64;香螺(Neptumea cumingi)为2n=60,染色体的形态分类组成为30m+22sm+8st,NF=112。 蛾螺科核型分析,显示贝类染色体数目及其形态与贝类进化有关。     

假橐吾属(菊科：千里光族)的核形态研究

首次发表假橐吾属Ligulariopsis Y．L．Chen的核形态研究结果。染色体间期为复杂型,前期染色体为中间型。染色体长度从2．70μm到4．70μm,平均长度为3．62μm,无明显的二型性;核型公式为2n=58=34m+18am(2sat)+6st,核型类型属于2A 。假橐吾属的核型和蟹甲草属与橐吾属相似,但假橐吾属具有较多的亚中部、中部着丝点染色体。     

葱属粗根组5种材料的核型研究

本文分析了葱属Allium粗根组Sect．Bromatorrhiza Ekberg五群材料的核型。多星韭Allium wallichii Kunth有两个类型：第一类型是二倍体,染色体组公式为AA,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm,属2A型;第二类型是同源四倍体,染色体组公式为AAAA, 核型公式为K(2n)＝4X＝28＝2m(SAT)+6m十20sm,属2A型。宽叶韭Allium hookeri Thwaites有三个类型： 第一类型是双基数同源异源三倍体,染色体组公式为AAB1,核型公式为 K(2n)＝2X+ x'＝22＝(12sm+2t)十(1m十45m+1st+2t), 属3A型; 第二类型也是双基数同源异源三倍体,能配对的两个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型大体相似,不能配对的一个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型有明显区别,其中至少有两条染色体发生了罗伯逊易位,出现一条很大的染色体和一条很小的染色体,染色体组公式为AAB2,核型公式为K(2n)=2x+x'＝22=(12sm+2t)+ (3m+1sm十2st+2t),属3A型;第三类型相当于第一类型染色体的自然加倍,是双基数同源异源六倍体,染色体组公式为AAAAB1B1,核型公式为K(2n)=4X十2x'＝44＝(24sm+4t)十(2m+ 8sm十2st+4t),属3A型。     

风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

Karyomorphology of the genus Pomatosace Maxin. (Primulaceae)

Reported in this paper was the karyomorphology of the monotypic genus Pomatosace Maxim. The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of P. filicula Maxim. were categorized to be complex chromocenter type and interstitial type respectively; themetaphase chromosomes were counted to be 2n = 20, ranging in length from 6.4µm to 4.1µm; the karyotype was formulated as 2n= 18m + 2sm, with the karyotype asymmetry belonging to 2A. The similar karyomorphological characteristics of interphase nuclei and　prophase chromosomes between Pomatosace and Androsace, together with the similar sizeand morphology of their metaphase chromosomes, support the viewpoint that they are closelyrelated.     

Karyomorphology of Ligulariopsis Y. L. Chen (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)

Investigated in the present work was the karyomorphology of Ligulariopsis Y. L. Chen. The interphase nuclei were categorized to be the complex chromocenter type, and the mitotic prophase chromosomes were categorized to be the interstitial type. The metaphase chromosomes ranged from 2.70 μm to 4.70μm with the average 3.62 μm in length. The karyotype was formulated as 2n = 58 = 34m + 18sm(2sat) + 6st and belonged to 2A type. The karyomorphological characteristics of Ligulariopsis are very similar to those of Ligularia and Parasenecio, but there are moresubmedian-centromeric and median-centromeric chromosomes in Ligulariopsis.     

穿鞘花（鸭跖草科）的核形态

本文对鸭跖草科的穿鞘花Ａｍｉｓｃｈｏｔｏｌｙｐｅｈｉｓｐｉｄａ（ＬｅｓｓｅｔＡ．Ｒｉｃｈ．）Ｈｏｎｇ进行了核形态研究。其静止核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别属于复杂中央染色微粒型和中间型;染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为２ｎ＝４ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ。本种的核型为首次报道。     

Karyomorphology of four species in Ancylostemon,Briggsiopsis and Lysionotus (Gesneriaceae)

Reported in the present paper are chromosome numbers and karyotypes of three genera of the Gesneriaceae, i.e. Ancylostemon Craib. , Briggsiopsis (Franch.) K. Y. Pan and Lysionotus D. Don. The former two genera are endemic to China. The karyotype of Ancylostemon aureus (Franch.) Burtt is formulated as 2n = 34 = 20m(1sat) + 14sm, with the same chromosome number as its allied species A. convexus Craib. This species is characterized by the interphase nucleus of complex chromocenter type and the proximal type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of the monospecific genus Briggsiopsis is 2n = 34, the same as the lowest chromosome number reported in Briggsia. The karyotype of Briggsiopsis, which is formulated as 2n = 25m + 6sm + 3st, also seems to be primitive among the species of the two genera. Briggsiopsis is characterized by the interphase nucleus of simple-complex chromocenter type and the interstitial-gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of Lysionotus carnosus Hemsl. is the lowest reported in this genus. Its karyotype is formulated as 2n= 30 = 21m + 5sm + 3st + lt. Lysionotus serratus var. pterocaulis, with the karyotype being formulated as 2n= 32 = 2lm + 10sm + lt, has the same chromosome number as var. serratus. These two species show a remarkable differentiation of karyotypes and are characterized by the interphase nuclei of simple-complex chromocenter type and the gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. _ .     

大吴风草（菊科：千里光族）的核形态及其系统学意义

研究了大吴风草属的核形态,染色体间期为复杂型;前期 色体为中间型,染色体长度从３．７０μm到２．６４μｍ,平均长度为３．２０μｍ;核型公式为２n=60=14m 26sm 20st(4SAT),为３Ａ类型。过去认为大吴风草属与橐吾属接近,并比之原始,但染色体和花粉特征并不支持这种处理。     

星叶草属的核形态及其系统位置

本文研究了星叶草属的核形态。其间期核和前期染色体分别为简单染色中心型和中间型;中期染色体较小,长度介于3.00μm到1.20μm之间;核型公式为2n=30=22m+8sm。其明显很高的染色体基数以及其它退化和特化的形态学性状,表明该属是一个孑遗的古多倍体类群。该属与独叶草属在间期核形态、前期染色体形态以及中期染色体的大小和形态方面极为相似。结合其它方面的资料,本文认为星叶草属和独叶草属有较近的亲缘关系,支持将它们一起置于星叶草科的观点。     

濒危植物长蕊木兰的核型

报道了长蕊木兰（Alcimandra cathcartii）的染色体核型,核型公式为2n=2x=38=22m＋15sm（3sat）＋1st。核型类型属于Stebbins的2A型。第18条染色体为st染色体,第5、6、7条sm染色体的短臂上各具有1个随体。间期核为简单染色中心型（simple chromocenter type）,有丝分裂前期染色体为中间型（interstitial type）。对前人关于木兰属和含笑属植物的核型研究结果进行了比较分析,长蕊木兰与含笑属亲缘关系较近,但稍有区别,而与木兰属的亲缘关系较远。     

角叶铁破锣的核型及其系统学意义

本文首次报道了角叶铁破锣的核形态。其静止核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别属于复杂中央染色微粒型和中间型;中期染色体数目为2n=16;核型公式为2n＝10m+4st十2t(2sat)。根据上述结果并结合有关资料,本文讨论了铁破锣和角叶铁破锣之间的核型差异以及铁破锣属的系统位置,指出铁破锣属可能与升麻属等类群关系较近而与金莲花属等类群关系较远,因此将该属置于升麻族中比置于金莲花族中合理。     

Genetic Control of the Formation and Reorganization of Chromocenter in Drosophila

The chromocenter integrates the entire Drosophilagenome into a unit. The formation and reorganization of chromocenter are genetically determined. Currently, several mutations affecting the structure of chromocenter have been described. In this work, I present evidence on the time of the formation and reorganization of chromocenter in mitotic and meiotic cells of females of the wild type and the ff16mutant line obtained by selection of mosaic clones produced from mitotic recombination of chromosomes in the dividing embryo cells. In females homozygous for this mutation, the second stage of the formation of chromocenter (joining two groups of nonhomologous chromosomes X-4 and 2-3 into a united ring structure =X=2=3=4=) is disturbed. The differences between the mitotic and meiotic reorganization of chromocenter and the role of chromocenter in the control of chromosome segregation are discussed.     

中国特有牛筋条属的核形态及其系统位置

报道了以３个不同居群为材料进行的拮筋条属核形态学研究结果。其间期核和前期核分别为简单染色体中心型和蹭型。染色体长度界于１．６６μｍ至０．８７μｍ之间,核型公式为２＝２８ｍ＋６ｓｍ,核型分类为１Ａ型。相同的染色体基数及其与苹果亚科成员近似的核型,支持将牛条属置于苹果亚科,而不赞同将其归属于李亚科或另立亚科的观点。