基于性状—显微—指纹图谱的红芪搓条与未搓条样品比较研究

本文通过性状描述、扫描电镜、显微及HPLC等方法开展了搓条与未搓条红芪样品的差异性比较研究。结果显示搓条与未搓条样品在性状特征(药材形状、皮部、豆腥味)、一级纹理及皮孔、淀粉粒、木栓细胞、指纹图谱相似度、芒柄花素含量等方面存在差异,二者在二级纹理、导管、薄壁细胞、晶体(方晶)、晶鞘纤维的差异性较小或未观察到,指纹图谱相似度搓条样品均高于未搓条样品;芒柄花素含量二者差异显著,搓条样品均高于未搓条样品,野生搓条样品芒柄花素含量均值是未搓条样品的2.58倍,栽培搓条样品芒柄花素含量均值是未搓条样品的1.87倍。研究结果为搓条机制及其他药材的搓条加工研究提供了参考。     

反相高效液相层析法测定新鲜植物材料中的植物雌激素含量

通过适当的样品处理方法,游离的和结合的植物雌激素［大豆素,雌马酚,染料木素,芒柄花素,香豆雌酚和美皂异黄酮］被从新鲜植物材料的提取物中分离出来,并在不同的紫外光波长下,可被ＨＰＬＣ法定量测定,根据滞留时间和标准品的添加,而鉴别出植物雌激素的层析波峰。本方法的测定灵敏度为２ｐｐｍ。白三叶草样品的加样回收率在８０％－１００％之间（平均回收率变异系数为５．４％）。通过比较游离植物雌激素的含量测定,本方法     

萌芽鹰嘴豆主要异黄酮变化规律及分布研究

目的：考察鹰嘴豆萌芽过程中鹰嘴豆芽素A和芒柄花素含量的变化规律及豆芽不同部位2种成分含量的差异。方法：将鹰嘴豆在22 ℃萌芽,分别于萌芽的0、1、2、3、5、7、9d取样品测定鹰嘴豆芽素A和芒柄花素含量,取萌芽7d鹰嘴豆,分别取其子叶、胚根和胚芽测定上述2种成分含量,分析2种成分含量变化规律和豆芽不同部位含量差异。 结果：鹰嘴豆芽素A 和芒柄花素含量自发芽后呈现不断增长的趋势,第3～7d增长迅速、第7～9d后增速放缓,不同部位含量大小依次为胚根＞胚芽＞子叶。结论：鹰嘴豆萌芽过程中鹰嘴豆芽素A和芒柄花素含量呈不断上升趋势,成分主要集中在胚根和胚芽中。     

生物素-氨基丁基乙基异鲁米诺与亲和素的结合特性及其在发光免疫中的应用

本文合成了生物素—氨基丁基乙基异鲁米诺偶联物,此物与亲和素结合后,降低了发光强度,亲和素含量与发光强度的变化有定量关系。因此,利用此特性于C—反应蛋白(CRP)发光免疫测定中。CRP标准曲线范围为1.25到160ng/mL。批内和批间变异系数分别为4.8％及14.8％。60名献血员血清CRP平均值为1.3μg/mL。此法与火箭电泳法测定同一血清CRP,相关性很好,r=0.96(n=20)。     

基于红芪芒柄花素保留率建立纤维性根茎药材超滤预测模型

以膜孔径、操作压力、滤过温度为输入变量,以红芪酶解提取液在不同超滤条件下的芒柄花素保留率为输出变量,采用L-M算法优化网络参数,建立适用于纤维性根茎药材超滤的芒柄花素保留率BP神经网络预测模型,并对模型的预测性能和适用性及最优工艺条件和各条件对芒柄花素保留率的影响进行考察。该模型对红芪和黄芪酶解提取液超滤后的芒柄花素保留率预测的平均误差率分别为1.78%和1.92%。最优超滤工艺条件为:膜孔径100 nm,操作压力0.15 Mpa,滤过温度45℃。各条件对芒柄花素保留率的影响大小为:滤过温度膜孔径操作压力。结果表明,所建神经网络预测精度较高,适用性较好,具有很好的实用价值,可避免对成分相近纤维性根茎药材的超滤工艺重复优化的问题。     

红芪中微量元素与活性成分含量的相关性研究

以甘肃不同产地红芪为研究对象,研究红芪活性成分与微量元素含量的相关性。采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红芪中12种微量元素含量,HPLC法测定红芪中毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素的含量,紫外分光光度计法测定红芪总多糖含量,并进行相关性及回归分析。结果表明毛蕊异黄酮与Fe、Mg含量呈极显著正相关;芒柄花素与Fe、Ca、Ni、Mg含量呈极显著正相关,与K含量呈显著正相关,而与Cr、Li、Co含量呈显著负相关;多糖与Zn含量呈显著负相关,与Mg含量呈极显著负相关。说明红芪中微量元素与活性成分含量之间存在密切相关关系,具体量化关系需进一步研究。     

根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素的放射免疫学测定

利用大鼠促性腺激素释放激素放射免疫学测定试剂检测了根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素水平．测定线性范围为2.5 Pg至160pg/管,批内和批间差为1.7％ (n=10)和7.8%（n=4),样品平均标准回收率为108.2±8.4％。根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素测定为0.28±0.04 ng/mg湿重组织。从根田鼠下丘脑提取物稀释曲线与大鼠(人工合成)促性腺激素释放激素有较好的平行关系判断, 可以推知根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素结构活性类似于大鼠(人工合成)的活性。     

我国不同产地红车轴草异黄酮含量的测定

本文通过HPLC法首次对产于我国11省的红车轴草中7种主要异黄酮单体含量进行了测定,结果表明,7种异黄酮总量变化范围为0.105%~1.725%。7种异黄酮单体含量随产地变化较显著,德鸢尾素、红车轴草素、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、大豆黄素、染料木素和鸡豆黄素A的含量变化范围分别为:0~0.189%、0~0.066%、0.020%~0.076%、0.004%~0.948%、0~0.089%、0.020%~0.073%和0~0.424%。     

影响鸡血藤药材活性物质成分及其质量的贮藏方法

贮藏是中药材流通过程中的一个重要环节,不当的包装方法会对商品鸡血藤药材的质量产生影响。采用无包装、塑料编织袋、铝箔密封袋、铝箔真空袋四种包装方法对鸡血藤药材进行贮藏,在贮藏18个月、24个月、30个月和36个月时分别测定药材含水量、总灰分、总多糖、总黄酮、芒柄花素以及真菌毒素黄曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素的含量。研究结果表明,四种包装方法下鸡血藤药材含水量、总灰分无显著差异,检测结果均符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》。四种包装方法贮藏的鸡血藤药材总多糖和总黄酮含量差异不大,但芒柄花素和真菌毒素差异显著,其中使用塑料编织袋包装的鸡血藤药材中芒柄花素含量相对比较稳定,而其它三种包装方法鸡血藤药材中芒柄花素含量随贮藏时间波动较大。此外,铝箔密封袋和铝箔真空袋包装所产生的黄曲霉毒素含量要显著高于塑料编织袋,其中用铝箔密封袋包装贮藏36个月时,鸡血藤药材中黄曲霉毒素含量高达19.95 μg/kg,远高于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》限量标准。因此,基于药材活性成分稳定性、药材安全性以及经济成本,目前塑料编织袋包装方法更适合鸡血藤药材的贮藏。     

黄喉拟水龟细胞核DNA含量的分析

以黄喉拟水龟 (Mauremysmutica)的红血细胞为材料 ,以鸡红血细胞为DNA标准 ( 2 5pg/2c) ,采用流式细胞仪测定了黄喉拟水龟及其两个种群的细胞核基因组DNA含量。黄喉拟水龟的细胞基因组DNA含量为 5 16± 0 2 9pg/2c (n =6 0 ) ;南方种群的细胞核DNA含量为 5 19± 0 30pg/2c (n =30 ) ,北方种群为 5 14±0 30pg/2c (n =30 ) ,两个种群的核DNA含量无显著差异 (t=0 6 84 7,df =5 8,P >0 0 5 )。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.