枸骨的化学成分

从枸骨(Ilex cornuta Lindl,ex paxt.)中分离得到20个化合物,鉴定了16个,分别为：枸骨甙1(Gougusidel,V)即坡摸酸3-β-O-O-L吡喃阿拉伯糖甙;枸骨甙2(Gouguside 2,Ⅵ)即3-β-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙3(Gouguside 3,Ⅶ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯的类似物;枸骨甙4(Gouguside 5,ⅩⅦ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L-吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙5(Gouguside 5,ⅩⅧ)即坡摸酸3-β-O-α-L-2’-乙酰氧基吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯,枸骨甙6(Gouguside 6,ⅩⅪ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L-4-乙酰氧基吡喃阿拉伯糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙7(Gouguside 7,ⅩⅩ)即3-β-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;胡萝卜甙(daucostorol Ⅷ);2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-dihydroxybenzoicacid I);3,4-二羟基桂皮酸(3,4-dihyroxycinnamunic acid Ⅱ,Ⅳ);长链脂肪酸或醇5个(Longchain fatty acid Ⅲ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,ⅩⅣ)。在鉴定的16个化合物中,枸骨甙1、枸骨甙2、枸骨甙6和枸骨甙7为首次从枸骨中分离得到,枸骨甙3和枸骨甙4为新化合物。     

苦绳的甾体成分

从苦绳(Dregea sinensis var.corrugata)的茎叶中分得一个新的C_(21)-甾体甙元,命名为苦绳甙元(drevogenin)(Ⅰ),经光谱分析和化学反应证明,其结构为:C/D顺式5α—H、3β、8β、14β、17β四羟基-12β-O-异戊酰基-20-O-乙酰基娠烷(C/D 5α-H、3β、8β、14β17β tetrahydroxyl-12β-O-isovaletyl-20-acetyl-pregnane);另外分得一个β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside)。     

白首乌甙A,B和C的结构

从著名中药白首乌(Cynanchum auricutatum Royle ex Wight)根中分离得到7个C_2(?)体甙。其小4个已知物——wilfosidc C3N (Ⅰ), C1N (Ⅱ), C1G (Ⅲ), K1N (Ⅴ),和另外3个新C_(21)甾体甙,命名为白首乌甙A (Ⅵ),B (Ⅶ),C(Ⅳ) (cynauricusidc A, B,C)。经光谱数据分析和化学反应,证明其结构分别为:开德甙元 3-氧-β D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(kidjoranin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-cymaropyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside, Ⅵ);萝藦甙元 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(metaplexigenin -O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranoside,Ⅶ);告达庭 3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基(caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyr     

清香桂碱D和矮陀陀胺碱A,B的结构

本文报道从国产清香桂(Sarcococca ruscifolta)和金丝矮陀陀(Pachysandra axillaria)植物中分得的三个胺碱型新甾体生物碱清香桂碱 D 和矮陀陀胺碱 A、B 的化学结构,并首次归属了它们的~(13)C NMR 数据。     

黑刺菝葜中的甾体皂苷

从黑刺菝葜(Smitax scobinicaulis C.H.Wringh)根茎中再次分离得到2个新的甾体皂苷化合物,经理化、光谱分析及与标准样品对照,鉴定化合物Ⅲ为(25D)螺甾-5-烯-3β,17α,27-三羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-O-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物Ⅳ为(25D)螺甾-3β,17α,27-三羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-O-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。     

排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

云南匙羮藤甙A和B的结构

从云南匙羹藤(Gymnema yunnaflense Tsiang)中分离得到2个新C_(21)甾体甙,命名为云南匙羹藤甙A(Ⅰ)和B(Ⅱ)(gymnemaroside A, B)。据化学反应和光谱数据,推定其结构分别为:本波甙元3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-3-氧-甲基-6-去氧-β-D阿洛糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙〔penupogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside〕和吉马甙元3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-3-氧-甲基-6-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙〔symnemarsgenm 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→d)-β-D-cymaropyranoside〕。     

茉莉花的化学成分

从药用植物茉莉花(Jasminum sambac(L．)Ait．)花蕾中分离到9个化合物,通过波谱分析并与已知化合物数据对照,分别鉴定为：苄基-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(1),苄基-O-β-D-木吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(2),tetraol(3),molihuaoside D(4),sarnhcoside A(5),sambacoside E(6),芦丁(rutin)(7),山奈酚-3-O-α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1-2)[α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1-6)]-β-D半乳吡喃糖甙(8),斛皮素-3-O-α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)[α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1→6)]-β-D-半乳吡喃糖甙(9)。     

节节草化学成分的研究

应用柱层析、薄层层析及重结晶等方法,从木贼科问荆属植物节节草（Equisetum ramosissimum）的全草中分离得到17个化合物,经现代波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,分别为：5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（1）、loliolide（2）、环阿尔屯烷～24（30）-烯-3β-醇（3）、环阿尔屯烷-22（23）-烯-3β醇（4）、麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β,5α,8α-三醇（5）、木栓醇（6）、芹菜素（7）、芫花素（8）、芫花素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（9）、芹菜素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（10）、木犀草素（11）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（12）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（13）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（14）、腺嘌呤核苷（15）、β-谷甾醇（16）和β-胡萝卜甙（17）。其中化合物1～5、15为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

大理白前的化学成分

从大理白前(Cynanchum forrestii Schltr.)中分离得到2个C_(21)甾体甙,其中一个新甙,命名为大理白前甙A(cynaforroside—A,Ⅰ)。经光谱分析和化学反应,证明(Ⅰ)的结构为芫花白前甙元C 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-加拿大麻吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃甙(glaucogenin C 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranoside)     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.