吸烟患COPD者与吸烟不患COPD者肺组织中白介素-18表达的研究

目的探讨吸烟患慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pul monary disease,COPD)者与吸烟不患COPD者肺组织中白介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)表达水平的差异。方法不吸烟不患COPD(Control组)、吸烟不患COPD(Smoker组)和吸烟患COPD(COPD组)患者各10例,性别、年龄相匹配,均为因肺部占位病变行肺叶切除术患者,取材尽量远离病变组织,采用HE染色观察各组肺组织形态学变化,用免疫组织化学染色方法,检测IL-18在肺组织的表达。结果1.HE染色显示正常对照组与吸烟不患COPD组无明显炎症变化;COPD组肺组织有明显的肺泡结构破坏和炎症细胞浸润,炎性细胞较Control组和Smoker组明显增加。2.免疫组化染色图像分析显示,Control组IL-18的平均光密度值为0.472±0.134,Smoker组为0.622±0.090,COPD组为0.897±0.193,COPD组与Control组和Smoker组之间有显著统计学差异(n均为10,P0.01),并且Smoker组和Control组之间也存在统计学差异(P0.05)。将30例受试者作为整体分析,肺组织中IL-18表达(平均光密度值表示)分别与肺功能指标FEV1/FVC、FEV1(%pred)之间存在显著的负的直线相关关系(n=30,r=-0.778,P0.01和n=30,r=-0.520,P0.01)。结论吸烟患COPD者肺组织中IL-18的表达较不患COPD者明显增加,IL-18在肺部的表达量与气流受限程度具有显著相关性,提示IL-18在吸烟致COPD的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

INDUCTIVE CAPACITIES OF GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANES AND DENTINE MATRIX

The inductive capacities of the basement membranes of calf kidney glomeruli and the dentine matrix of the incisors of 23-day rabbit fetuses were examined on the presumptive ectoderm of Triturus gastrulae. The basement membranes caused almost entirely neural induction and the dentine matrix caused mesodermal induction. These findings suggest that intercellular substances play an important role in the inductive effects of heterologous tissues.     

山莨菪碱对紫膜中菌紫质结构的影响及其与膜脂的关系

本文用吸收光谱和可见圆二色谱研究了不同浓度的山莨菪碱对紫膜中菌紫质结构的影响,并设计了用不同浓度的去垢剂Triton X-100作为脂环境的扰动剂,研究山莨菪碱对菌紫质的影响与膜脂关系的实验.结果表明山莨菪碱不仅影响菌紫质分子本身的构象变化而且扰动了菌紫质分子之间的激子偶联作用.通过吸收差光谱技术表明山莨菪碱对菌紫质结构的影响与膜脂密切相关并指出紫膜中菌紫质的三体结构对膜功能的贡献是不容忽视的.     

温度及膜中蛋白质含量与膜粘度和膜中分子排列方向的关系

本实验用闪光诱导的瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同温度以及不同蛋白质含量下菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡膜中的旋转扩散运动.根据旋转扩散运动得到了温度和蛋白质含量与膜粘度以及分子在膜中排列方向的关系.温度和蛋白质的含量都影响膜的粘度,但并不影响蛋白质分子在膜中的排列方向.     

乙型肝炎病毒DNA在患者血清及肝组织中存在状态的研究

对29例肝炎,1例尸检肝组织和血清中乙型肝炎病毒的DNA(HBV DNA)进行了研究,发现HBsAg( )/HBeAg( )患者中,有9/17(52.94％)血清HBV DNA阳性;HBsAg( )/抗-HBe( )患者中,2/6(33.33％)也为阳性。从30例肝组织中提取DNA经琼脂糖电泳,Southern吸印转移及分子杂交试验结果表明,27例HBV DNA阳性,全部有游离型HBV DNA。27例中有5例经用标记pBR322探针杂交排除非特异杂交带后,在高分子量区有HBV DNA特异的杂交带,提示有HBV DNA整合。     

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE IN EPIDERMAL TUMORS

Epidermal tumors were induced in Swiss female mice by a topical application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene solution followed by repeated applications of croton oil solutions. Fourteen benign and malignant tumors were sampled 25 weeks after the treatment had begun, fixed in osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate, and embedded in Epon. Sections stained with lead hydroxide were examined. In three tumors defects of the epidermal basement membrane were seen. These defects accompanied local invasion of the tumors. The possible mechanisms of the development of this unusual anatomical situation are discussed.     

三丁基锡和微囊藻毒素对小鼠肝脏p-Ezrin的影响简

正埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)是连接细胞膜和细胞骨架之间的膜细胞骨架连接蛋白,通过其C端、N端分别与细胞骨架和细胞膜蛋白结合,属于ERM(Ezrin-radixin-moesin)家族成员。由于Ezrin在细胞中的特殊位置,不仅在细胞的运动、黏附等正常生理活动中起重要作用,而且能调控黏附分子,参与癌细胞信号转导。Ezrin在细胞中有活化和失活两种状态,目前认为主     

胰岛素对蟾蜍卵母细胞膜电位及电解质的影响

应用普通玻璃微电极和离子选择性微电极,对正常及经过胰岛素处理的中华大蟾蜍卵母细胞膜电位、细胞内Na~+、K~+、Cl~-、H~+等活度及膜对Na~+、K~+的转运系数进行了测定。结果表明,胰岛素在促进蟾蜍卵母细胞发育成熟同时,具有使膜电位降低、细胞内Na~+、Cl~-活度增加、K~+、H~+活度减少及K~+转运系数降低等作用。胰岛素的上述作用可能与膜的通透性改变及膜上钠泵活性和Na~+/H~+交换的改变有关。     

三丁基锡和微囊藻毒素对小鼠肝脏p-Ezrin的影响

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QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF LYO- AND DESMOENZYMES IN TISSUE SECTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT FIXATION

1. Tissue sections eight microns thick were exposed to various experimental conditions used in histochemistry, and the effect upon the activities of esterase, the phosphatases, leucine aminopeptidase, β-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase was determined colorimetrically. 2. Significant differences were found in the amounts of the lyo and desmo fractions of these enzymes. The desmo components were found to be for esterase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase, ⅓, 2/3, 2/3, ½, ⅛, and ⅛ of the total enzymatic activity respectively. 3. Variations in the time and in the temperature at which diffusion was studied and of the pH and salt concentration of the solution into which the sections were placed, resulted in differences in the amount of enzymatic activity which remained in the tissue section. Some enzyme loss by diffusion was noted even after fixation of the tissue section. 4. The significance of the findings with respect to some of the concepts of localization of enzymes in tissue sections was discussed.     

肝淋巴水肿的超微结构及实验治疗研究

４２只新西兰兔,随机分为正常对照组、手术组与治疗组,后两组行胸导管结扎术,治疗组术后腹腔注射苯毗哺酮,并做血清生化指标检查及光、电镜观察。手术组动物光镜下淋巴管、微静脉肿胀扩张,内皮细胞可见溶解破坏,Ｄｉｓｓｅ间隙扩张,出现淋巴管—静脉—胆管瘘;肝细胞肿胀,核缩小减少。电镜下,淋巴管、静脉及微胆管内皮细胞明显缺损,线粒体空泡化,间质组织纤维化。血清化验显示ＧＯＴ、ＧＧＴ升高,而总蛋白降低,尤以白蛋白降低明显。而治疗组动物光镜及电镜下结构病理变化轻微,但淋巴管内皮细胞开放连接明显增加;血清生化指标与正常对照组无明显区别,但血中ＷＢＣ和嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加。电镜下,枯否氏细胞增加,并有活跃的伪足,表明苯吡喃酮可刺激体内巨噬细胞的生长,增加机体免疫能力。     

ELEMENTS IN LIVER TISSUES OF BOWHEAD WHALES (BALAENA MYSTICETUS)

Livers from 20 bowhead whales taken in subsistence hunts at Barrow, Alaska, were analyzed for essential and non-essential elements. Concentrations of essential elements were similar to those found in other cetaceans. Non-essential element concentrations were generally comparable to other baleen whales and very low compared to most odontocetes. One deviation from this pattern was a relatively high level of hepatic cadmium that may be related to specific dietary factors of this krill-dependent species. No sex-related differences were found in element concentrations. Hepatic cadmium and mercury increased with animal length, and significant positive interelement correlations were found between copper/zinc and mercury/selenium. We found a mercury-toselenium ratio much lower (1:40) than the frequently reported ratio of one to one. The data suggest that further studies of the postulated mercurydetoxifying role of selenium are warranted.     

MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS IN THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE OF MITOCHONDRIA FROM MAMMALIAN TISSUES

There have been several reports describing paracrystalline arrays in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. On closer inspection these structures appear to be junctions of two adjoining membranes. There are two types. They can be formed between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (designated outer-inner membrane junctions) or between two cristal membranes (intercristal membrane junctions). In rat heart, adjoining membranes appeared associated via a central dense midline approximately 30 Å wide. In rat kidney, the junction had a ladder-like appearance with electron-dense "bridges" approximately 80 Å wide, spaced 130 Å apart, connecting the adjoining membranes. We have investigated the conditions which favor the visualization of such structures in mitochondria. Heart mitochondria isolated rapidly from fresh tissue (within 30 min of death) contain membrane junctions in approximately 10–15% of the cross sections. This would indicate that the percentage of membrane junctions in the entire mitochondrion is far greater. Mitochondria isolated from heart tissue which was stored for 1 h at 0°–4°C showed an increased number of membrane junctions, so that 80% of the mitochondrial cross sections show membrane junctions. No membrane junctions are observed in mitochondria in rapidly fixed fresh tissue or in mitochondria isolated from tissue disrupted in fixative. Thus, the visualization of junctions in the intermembrane space of mitochondria appears to be dependent upon the storage of tissue after death. Membrane junctions can also be observed in mitochondria from other stored tissues such as skeletal muscle, kidney, and interstitial cells from large and small intestine. In each case, no such junctions are observed in these tissues when they are fixed immediately after removal from the animal. It would appear that most studies in the literature in which isolated mitochondria from tissues such as heart or kidney were used were carried out on mitochondria which contained membrane junctions. The presence of such structures does not significantly affect normal mitochondrial function in terms of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation.     

三氯乙烯对脂质体膜通透性的影响及其破膜效应

本文通过测定脂质体膜对水的通透性及脂质体对被包裹血红蛋白的释放率,研究了三氯乙烯对脂质体的作用.观察到在低浓度时,三氯乙烯能增加蛋卵磷脂脂质体的通透性,随着浓度的增加有破膜释放的效应.     

人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸成分分析及其对膜微粘度的影响

采用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和荧光偏振技术测定了４２例正常人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）及膜微粘度,并探讨了膜脂肪酸和血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜微粘度之间的关系。结果表明：正常人红细胞膜主要由廿二碳六烯酸（Ｃ２２∶６）、花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０∶４）、亚油酸（Ｃ１８∶２）、软脂酸（Ｃ１６∶０）、油酸（Ｃ１８∶１）和硬脂酸（Ｃ１８∶０）等六种脂肪酸组成。血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜脂肪酸相似,但不含Ｃ２２∶６而含十四烷酸（Ｃ１４∶０）。红细胞膜各脂肪酸含量大多与其血浆浓度呈明显正相关。红细胞膜微粘度与膜软脂酸和硬脂酸呈明显正相关,与膜廿二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸呈明显负相关。提示红细胞膜脂肪酸组成受血浆ＦＦＡ成分影响;而红细胞膜脂肪酸成分对膜微粘度亦有重要影响     

大鼠肝细胞核膜脂质过氧化对核DNA影响的研究

采用大鼠肝脏细胞核为材料,研究了核膜脂质过氧化对核ＤＮＡ的影响。证实核膜脂质过氧化可以引起ＤＮＡ损伤,表现为ＤＮＡ的增色效应、熔解温度、从ＤＮＡ向ＥＢ的能量转移效率降低,圆二色谱发生显著变化。另外受损ＤＮＡ对ＤＮａｓｅⅠ产生明显抗性和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果提示核膜脂质过氧化引起的ＤＮＡ损伤可能以交联为主,同时利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）直接观察到了交联ＤＮＡ的生成。各种自由基清除剂对ＤＮＡ损伤保护的差异说明脂类自由基可能在活性氧自由基引起的ＤＮＡ损伤中具有重要作用。     

昼夜温差对小麦光合特性的影响

在严格控制光照和空气相对湿度的人工气候室内,模拟不同昼夜温差（２５℃／１０℃,昼／夜和２５℃／２５℃,昼夜）,对两个原在不同环境条件下栽培的青海高原３３８和上海沪麦５号小麦品种的光合特性进行了进行了比较研究。结果表明,在有１５℃昼夜温差处理条件下生长的小麦,其叶面积较大,叶片寿命较长,呼吸作用较低。不同的昼夜温差条件下小麦的光合作用响应曲线没有明显的差异;但在夜温为１０℃下生长小麦,其光合作用的最