共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Allen Dearry Pierre Falardeau Carol Shores Marc G. Caron 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1991,11(5):437-453
| 1. | We have obtained a cDNA clone encoding a human retinal D2 dopamine receptor. |
| 2. | The longest open reading frame (1242 bp) of this clone encodes a protein of 414 amino acids having a predicted molecular weight of 47,000 and a transmembrane topology similar to that of other G protein-coupled receptors. |
| 3. | Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with an expression vector containing the clone resulted in expression of a protein possessing a pharmacological profile similar to that of the D2 dopamine receptor found in striatum and retina. |
| 4. | Northern blot analysis indicated that, in rat brain and retina, the mRNA for this receptor was 2.9 kb in size. |
| 5. | In situ hybridization was performed to examine the distribution of the mRNA for this receptor in human retina. Specific hybridization was detected in both the inner and the outer nuclear layers. |
| 6. | These findings are consistent with prior physiological and autoradiographic studies describing the localization of D2 dopamine receptors in vertebrate retinas. Our observations suggest that photoreceptors as well as cells in the inner nuclear layer of human retinas may express the mRNA for this D2 dopamine receptor. |
2.
Walter Kaiser 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1988,163(5):565-584
| 1. | The behaviour of isolated individual forager honeybees during the night has been investigated with a variety of experimental methods. Prolonged rest in these diurnal insects is accompanied by: reduced muscle tone (Figs. 1, 6, 10–12), decreased motility (Figs. 2, 3, Table 1), lowered body temperature (Figs. 7, 8) and raised reaction threshold (Fig. 9). These phenomena strongly resemble four characteristic features of sleep in humans, mammals and birds. It is thus very likely that the profound rest which forager bees experience at night is sleep. This assumption is further supported by the results of previous investigations of visual interneurones in the bee. |
| 2. | The antennae of sleeping bees manifest characteristic postural constellations (Fig. 6). High reaction thresholds are associated with particular antennal positions. |
| 3. | The total sleep time (duration of antennal immobility plus duration of small antennal movements) in 24 h for two bees was 7.6 h and 4.9 h (Table 1). |
| 4. | Bees which rest in a hive at night also display phenomena which have been encountered during the laboratory investigations. |
| 5. | Sleep in mammals is an active, controlled process; the same seems to be true of sleep in honeybees (Figs. 3, 4). Unlike mammals, bees experience their deepest sleep towards the end of the sleep phase (Figs. 3, 9, 10, 12). |
3.
Gareth Rice Roland Clift Richard Burns 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1997,2(1):53-59
Twelve of the main European LCA software packages currently available are examined wirh the aim of establishing which are
the most appropriate for LCAs on industrial processes. The packages performances are assessed in terms of
The review concludes with a Specification Table which summarises the facilities available on each software package.
The general conclusion from this study is that for industrially based LCAs, there are four packages which may offer advantages
over the rest. These are The Boustead Model, The Ecobilan Group’s TEAM™, PEMS 3.0 and SimaPro 3.1. 相似文献
| – | • Volume of Data |
| – | • WindowsTM environment |
| – | • Network Capabilities |
| – | • Impact Assessment |
| – | • Graphical representation of the inventory results |
| – | • Sensitivity analysis |
| – | • Units |
| – | • Cost |
| – | • User Support |
| – | • Flow Diagrams |
| – | • Burdens allocation |
| – | • Transparency of data |
| – | • Input & output parameters |
| – | • Demo version |
| – | • Quality of data |
4.
Oncostatin M, a multifunctional cytokine 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
5.
J. Robb 《Human Evolution》1994,9(3):215-229
In recent years anthropologists have made much progress in understanding ancient activities from skeletal remains. In this
paper, material from the Iron Age cemetery at Pontecagnano (VII-IV century BC) is used to illustrate activity-related traits
of eight basic categories:
These traits, and others, can be used not only singly but in conjunction to define (a) patterns of activity and occupational
specialization for individuals, and (b) distributions within society reflecting the basic division of labor by geneder and
class. 相似文献
| (1) | idiosyncratic patterns of dental wear |
| (2) | activity-related articular degeneration |
| (3) | non-pathological functional alterations (neoformations, contact facets) |
| (4) | mechanical remodelling of bone architecture |
| (5) | enthesopathies (muscular lesions) |
| (6) | traumatic lesions |
| (7) | activity-related pathologies |
| (8) | activity-related nutritional characteristics |
6.
Simon Rotzler 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1989,165(1):27-34
| 1. | Some units in the lateral ocellar nerves of the locust,Locusta migratoria, are influenced transsynaptically by the activity of ascending fibres in the thoracic connectives and therefore may be efferent to the afferent ocellar system. |
| 2. | A variety of sensory inputs excite the ocellar nerve units, including illumination of the compound eyes, active and passive movement of the wings, wind stimuli to the thorax and sound. |
| 3. | Most ocellar interneurons are influenced transsynaptically by electrical stimulation of the cervical connectives. L-neurons are depolarized and the components of their response to a rectangular light pulse are changed in amplitude. Only a few S-neurons could be examined. All of them were excited directly or indirectly. |
| 4. | The descending ocellar interneurons (DN's) are influenced by stimulation of the contralateral connective, perhaps via efference to the ocellus or to ocellar L-cells. |
7.
Miriam Lehrer 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1990,167(2):173-185
| 1. | Bees were trained to enter the central hole in a disc containing 89 holes and collect sugar-water from a box placed behind it (Fig. 1). Visual marks were offered on the inner surface of a cylinder placed in front of the disc (Fig. 2), thus projecting onto peripheral (nonfrontal) regions of the bees' eye. The trained bees were tested by recording their choices among the holes. |
| 2. | Bees use the memorized position of peripheral marks to localize the frontally positioned goal (Figs. 6–9). The effectiveness of a mark depends on its retinal position, the most effective marks being lateral ones (Figs. 8, 9). |
| 3. | Altering the dimensions of the mark does not influence the distribution of the bees' choice (Figs. 11–13). Thus, image motion rather than image size is used for distance estimation in the present task. |
| 4. | Cinematographic recordings (Fig. 14) revealed that the searching bees' whereabouts are correlated with the choice distribution (Fig. 6a). The hypothesis that the bees stabilize the mark in the trained retinal position by correcting for retinal image slip is proposed. |
| 5. | Experiments using coloured patterns revealed that the bees' performance is mediated by the green-sensitive channel (Figs. 17–22), as predicted by the above hypothesis. |
8.
3DFS is a 3D flexible searching system for lead discovery. Version 1.0 of 3DFS was published recently (Wang, T.; Zhou, J. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 1998, 38, 71–77). Here version 1.2 represents a substantial improvement over version 1.0. There are six major changes in version 1.2 compared to version 1.0.
Besides the above, this paper supplies:
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089490050231 相似文献
| 1. | A new rule of aromatic ring recognition. |
| 2. | The inclusion of multiple-type atoms and chains in queries. |
| 3. | The inclusion of more spatial constraints, especially the directions of lone pairs. |
| 4. | The improvement of the query file format. |
| 5. | The addition of genetic search for flexible search. |
| 6. | An output option for generating MOLfiles of hits. |
| 1. | More query examples. |
| 2. | A comparison between genetic search and Powell optimization. |
| 3. | More detailed comparison between 3DFS and Chem-X. |
| 4. | A preliminary application of 3DFS to K+ channel opener studies. |
9.
Morten Buhl Jørgensen Barbara Schmitz Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,168(2):223-232
| 1. | We used laser vibrometry and free field sound stimulation to study the frequency responses of the eardrum and the lateral body wall of awake male Eleutherodactylus coqui. |
| 2. | The eardrum snowed one of two distinct frequency responses depending on whether the glottis was open (GO response) or closed (GC response) during the measurement. |
| 3. | The lateral body wall vibrated with a maximum amplitude close to that of the eardrum and in the same frequency range. |
| 4. | Covering the frog's body wall with vaseline reduced the vibration amplitude of the GC response by up to 15 dB. |
| 5. | When a closed sound delivery system was used to stimulate a local area of the body wall the eardrum also showed one of two types of responses. |
| 6. | These results suggest that sound is transmitted via the lung cavity to the internal surface of the eardrum. This lung input has a significant influence on the vibrations of the eardrum even when the glottis is closed. |
| 7. | The vibration amplitude of the eardrum changed with the angle of sound incidence. The directionality was most pronounced in a narrow frequency range between the two main frequencies of the conspecific advertisement call. |
10.
Conclusions
This work was supported byKBN grant no. 7 A203 013 07. 相似文献
| (1) | The aminoesters inhibit glucose-stimulated proton extrusion by yeast cells. |
| (2) | The inhibitory activity depends on aliphatic carbon chain length. |
| (3) | The inhibition of proton extrusion is concentration-dependent. |
| (4) | The aminoesters stimulate quinacrine accumulation in vacuoles of yeast cells so they should possess affinities for lysosomes. |
11.
J. E. Brehe W. R. Fleming 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1976,110(2):159-169
| 1. | Seasonal changes in the half-times (0.5) for calcium influx and outflux in bone, skin and scales, and soft-tissue compartments ofF. kansae were measured. |
| 2. | The size of diffusible calcium pools in the three compartments was estimated from the ratio of the loading and unloading half-times. Both the bone and skin and scales compartments contain diffusible calcium pools which increase in size during the summer months. |
| 3. | The calcium in the soft-tissue compartment is all diffusible, and the kinetics indicate that this compartment receives calcium from the other two compartments. |
| 4. | Hypophysectomy reduced the rate of calcium turnover in summer animals to the levels measured in intact winter animals. Such treatment also affected the distribution of radiocalcium within the animal. |
| 5. | It is concluded that acellular bone is a metabolically active tissue. |
12.
In the rift valley (North-East of France/South-West of Germany), the Rhine runs freely for 300 km from South to North. The absence of natural obstacles allows the development of a very regular profile of the river. We have therefore an opportunity to study very gradual modifications of the alluvial forest communities of the fluvial corridor from upstream to downstream, according to the gradual evolution of the ecological factors, related to slope decrease and hydrological modifications.We describe, from Basel to Mainz:
相似文献
| 1) | modification of dynamic processes in the forest communities such as successional sequences or sylvigenetic mosaïcs of the terminal stages. |
| 2) | modification of species richness. |
| 3) | reduction of species diversity. |
| 4) | simplification of the forest stratification. |
| 5) | modification of efficiency of the biogeochemical cycling. |
| 6) | ecological vicariances. |
| 7) | modification in species behaviour. |
13.
| 1. | Under laboratory conditions complete development of H. sparsutum is shown within a temperature range of-0.7°C to +8°C. Constant temperatures above 10°C are lethal to the population. Larval growth (L1 to L5) is strictly temperature-dependent between-0.7 and +3.5°C, but slightly temperature compensated between +3.5 and +8°C. |
| 2. | Rate of egg production is highest at an average daily temperature of-0.7°C. |
| 3. | The sixth larval stage (L6) can be subdivided into a wandering and feeding period of about 40 days (at 7.3°C) and a following prepupal resting stage (PPR) with a high variability in duration, even at one and the same temperature, which ends with pupation. |
| 4. | Entrance into this resting stage seems to be independent of environmental changes and can occur at every time of the year. Termination of the PPR depends upon light stimuli received during the entire larval period. |
| 5. | Readiness for pupation exists when the photoperiod in the PPR exceeds that during hatching of first larva. A decreasing photoperiod during PPR triggers pupation in prepupae of various age. |
| 6. | The diapause stage seems to be a primary factor synchronizing the life cycle with seasonal changes in the environment. |
14.
Y Shimazaki E. Eguchi 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1995,176(5):661-671
| 1. | After the intact compound eyes of the butterflyPapilio xuthus were adapted to darkness, white, blue ( max 460 nm) or orange light ( max 580 nm), the eyes were separated into the distal (primary pigment cells, the dioptric apparatus and ca. 30% of retinal tissue) and the proximal layers (the rest of the retinal tissues). Each layer was separated into a supernatant and a precipitate. Both in white and blue light-adapted eyes, the amount of 11-cis 3-hydroxyretinal increased in the supernatant of the distal layer (Sup-DL) much more than it did in dark-adapted eyes. No increase was observed in the Sup-DL of orange light-adapted eyes. |
| 2. | When all-trans retinol (non-native chemical) was added to the Sup-DL, it was converted to all-trans retinal under the darkness, and to all-trans and 11-cis retinal by blue light irradiation. When all-trans retinal was added to the Sup-DL, the isomerization of all-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal was accelerated by the blue light. |
| 3. | The Sup-DL was separated into ammonium sulfate soluble (AS-sup) and insoluble (AS-ppt) fractions. The AS-ppt fraction contained 3-hydroxyretinal but no 3-hydroxyretinol. Blue light irradiation to the AS-ppt fraction induced an increase in 11-cis 3-hydroxyretinal, with a concomitant decrease in all-trans 3-hydroxyretinal. |
15.
Victy Mercy Gerald 《Hydrobiologia》1976,49(1):77-85
| 1. | The overall rate of feeding at 28°C bears an inverse relationship to size; the time course of feeding appears to be size-independent and shows a decline with increase in time. |
| 2. | Absorption efficiency is independent of size. |
| 3. | The rates of absorption and conversion and conversion efficiency are inversely related to size. |
| 4. | The rate of feeding is reflected on the rates of absorption and conversion. |
16.
Rolf Bergmann 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1989,55(2):143-152
Thiolutin was found to inhibit the utilization of glucose and other growth substrates in Escherichia coli. The inhibition was detected by a sharp drop of the respiration rate after addition of the antibiotic. The actual function affected was allocated to the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cells by the following evidence:
It was concluded that the transport of certain substrates across the membrane was inhibited. 相似文献
| – | - spheroplasts were affected like intact cells, |
| – | - individual reactions of either the electron transport chain or the glycolytic pathway were not inhibited, |
| – | - glucose consumption in the culture stopped and the cells accumulated guanosine tetraphosphate as under starvation conditions, |
| – | - activation of the cell's apo-glucose dehydrogenase restored respiration via bypassing the glucose phosphotransferase system. |
17.
Waddington CH 《Journal of genetics》2006,85(2):101-105
Summary
相似文献
| 1. | The phenotype of the ‘assimilated bithorax’ stock is due in part to a number of genes, on all the chromosomes, which act directly on the individuals containing them, and partly to a recessive X-chromosome condition which causes a maternal effect. |
| 2. | Attempts to break down the maternal-effect condition by crossing-over were unsuccessful. |
| 3. | The maternal effect condition, when made homozygous in a wild-type background, causes the appearance of some bithoraxes in the next generation. |
| 4. | The condition may have arisen by mutation during the course of the selection by which the assimilated stock was built up, but it may have been present in very low frequency in the initial population. |
| 5. | The offspring of females homozygous for the maternal-effect condition do not produce a higher percentage of bithoraxes, following ether treatment, than do flies of similar genotype from other mothers. |
18.
19.
B. Hedwig 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1988,162(2):237-246
| 1. | The activity of tympanal high- and low-frequency receptors in the migratory locustLocusta migratoria was recorded with glass capillary microelectrodes, and Lucifer Yellow was then injected through the microelectrode to reveal the cells' metathoracic projections. |
| 2. | A photodetector device was used to monitor the abdominal respiratory movements, which caused clearly visible deflections of the tympanal membrane. |
| 3. | The auditory receptors respond not only to sound stimuli but also to the respiratory movements; these phasic (Figs. 1–3) or tonic (Fig. 4) responses are especially pronounced during the inspiration and expiration movements, and less so during the constriction phases. |
| 4. | The magnitude of the response to sound depends on the phase of the stimulus with respect to the respiratory movements. At certain phases sound elicits no response at all (Fig. 5). |
20.
Victy Mercy Gerald 《Hydrobiologia》1976,49(2):103-109
| 1. | At 28°C conversion efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) was inversely related to size. |
| 2. | In the pre-adult stage protein nitrogen (PN) conversion efficiency was high whereas in the Post-adult stage non-protein nitrogen (NPN) conversion efficiency was high. |
| 3. | Lower temperature (20°C) was not congenial for PN conversion. |
| 4. | Higher temperature favoured PN conversion for smaller fish but NPN for larger fish. |