三系杂交稻亲本随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析

选用9个随机引物对31份杂交水稻亲本材料进行了RAPD分析, 共检测到60条多态性带。聚类分析结果表明,所有供试材料可以被明确地区分。在9个随机引物中,有8个具有较高的多态性检测能力。以这8个引物为基础,选用任两个引物即可在任一对材料中检测出多态性的频率在96.13%以上,而选用任3个引物则该频率在99.21%以上。这显示了运用RAPD鉴定稻种具有简便、灵敏、高效的优点,在鉴定杂交稻种的实践中有着良好的应用前景。 Abstract:Seven rice sterile lines,12 maintainer lines and 12 restorer lines were analyzed by RAPD with 9 primers.Altogether,118 fragments were generated,of which 60 detected polymorphisms among rice marker.Eight of nine primers can detect high polymorphism.The frequencies of polymorphism in any primers were used,the frequencies would be higher than 99.21%.The eight primers were therefore recommended as candidates for the identification of hybrid rice seeds.     

RAPD标记鉴定水稻3种不同细胞质雄性不育类型的杂交种及其亲本

利用RAPD引物对3种不同细胞质雄性不育类型的杂交水稻组合及其亲本共21个材料进行了DNA多态性分析。从264个随机引物中筛选出具有非常明显多态性的引物25个, 对25个引物在3种不同细胞质不育类型的杂交组合及其亲本间的DNA扩增多态性差异进行比较,最终选出具有不同类型间特异性扩增带的引物7个,利用这些特异性扩增带能有效地区分和鉴定目前在生产上大面积种植和推广,或者是具有应用潜力的3种不同细胞质雄性不育类型—野败型(WA)、红莲型(HL)和包台型(BT))—的6种杂交水稻组合及其亲本。     

利用RAPD标记构建美洲黑杨×欧美分子标记连锁图谱

本文利用RAPD标记和美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)×欧美杨(P.euramericana)的F1群体,构建了美洲黑杨×欧美杨的分子标记连锁图谱。实验过程中对1040个寡核苷酸随机引物进行了重复筛选,共选出127个引物用于作图群体(包括双亲共92个无性系)的随机扩增,这127个引物产生229个多态基因座,其中符合“拟测交”1∶1分离的有214个。利用多点连锁分析,形成19个连锁群及6个三连体和14个连锁对。由19个连锁群构成的图谱含标记129个,总图距为1914.2cM,覆盖杨树基因组约73.62％。标记间的平均间距为14.84cM。本研究获得了中等密度的美洲黑杨×欧美杨的一个连锁框架。 Abstract:A molecular linkage map was constructed for the parents of a P.deltoides × P.euramericana F1 family based on random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)markers.A set of 1040 random oligonucleotide primers were screened and 127 primers were selected to generate RAPD markers within a sample of 90 F1 progenies.A total of 229 segregating loci were identified.Among the 229 loci,15 loci were found distorted from the normal 1∶1 ratio.Using multiple analysis,the 214 markers formed 19 main Linkage groups (including 129 markers)and b triples and 14 pairs.The resulting Linkage map of Populus deltoides × P.euramericana (including 129 markers)spanned 1914.2cM(73.62％ coverage of genome length)with an average distance of 14.84cM between markers.     

利用RAPD标记构建美洲黑杨×欧美分子标记连锁图谱

本文利用RAPD标记和美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)×欧美杨(P.euramericana)的F1群体,构建了美洲黑杨×欧美杨的分子标记连锁图谱。实验过程中对1040个寡核苷酸随机引物进行了重复筛选,共选出127个引物用于作图群体(包括双亲共92个无性系)的随机扩增,这127个引物产生229个多态基因座,其中符合“拟测交”1∶1分离的有214个。利用多点连锁分析,形成19个连锁群及6个三连体和14个连锁对。由19个连锁群构成的图谱含标记129个,总图距为1914.2cM,覆盖杨树基因组约73.62％。标记间的平均间距为14.84cM。本研究获得了中等密度的美洲黑杨×欧美杨的一个连锁框架。 Abstract:A molecular linkage map was constructed for the parents of a P.deltoides × P.euramericana F1 family based on random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)markers.A set of 1040 random oligonucleotide primers were screened and 127 primers were selected to generate RAPD markers within a sample of 90 F1 progenies.A total of 229 segregating loci were identified.Among the 229 loci,15 loci were found distorted from the normal 1∶1 ratio.Using multiple analysis,the 214 markers formed 19 main Linkage groups (including 129 markers)and b triples and 14 pairs.The resulting Linkage map of Populus deltoides × P.euramericana (including 129 markers)spanned 1914.2cM(73.62％ coverage of genome length)with an average distance of 14.84cM between markers.     

利用RAPD标记分析鸵鸟种群的遗传变异

为探讨分子遗传标记在鸵鸟(Struthiocamelus)育种中的应用,利用RAPD技术分析了我国养殖的三个主要鸵鸟品种内和品种间的遗传变异.蓝颈鸵鸟、澳洲灰和非洲黑三个品种在品种内和品种间显示出低水平的变异.品种间的遗传距离较好地说明了三个品种的育种改良过程,同时预示出用澳洲灰与其他品种鸵鸟进行杂交育种的可行性.选择的20条在鸡中能稳定扩增的RAPD引物其75%能在鸵鸟基因组中扩增出产物,显示出两种禽类DNA具有同源性,为今后利用鸡的微卫星引物对鸵鸟进行基因组扫描(genomescan)分析奠定基础。 Abstract:To evaluate the molecular genetic markers on ostrich (Struthio camelus)breeding,we have analyzed the genetic variability of three main ostrich breeds by using RAPD.The studies show that the Blue,Australia Grey and African Black have low genetic variability.The genetic distance between breeds clearly illustrates the breeding history,at the same time,it also showes the possibility that cross breeding can be applied to Australia Grey and the breeds.75 percent selected RAPD primers working well in chicken could stably amplify products in ostriches,which implied DNA identity between chicken and ostrich.The work provided a foundation for genomic scanning.     

杂交水稻汕优63杂种纯度的RAPD鉴定

使用纯度低或真实性差的杂交种子会给农业生产造成极大损失。然而杂交种子的纯度无法单纯从种子形态上鉴别。本文首次采用RAPD特异扩增谱带做为分子标记对水稻杂交种纯度进行了鉴定。汕优63杂交水稻种子由中国水稻研究所从某制种单位随机取样获得。珍汕97A不育系和明恢63恢复系等品种由于中国水稻研究所提供。在做形态观察的同时,分别取上述三种材料叶片制备DNA作为初始模板DNA。对300个RAPD随机引物,经过三次多态性初筛复筛,发现随机引物P18可发稳定地扩增出一条来源于父本明恢63的0．8kb的特异条带。用P18引物对100株汕优63杂交单株进行RAPD扩增,其中83个获得了0．8kb特异条带（Fig.1upper)。分子交杂证明其结果是可靠的（Fig,1Lower)。以RAPD扩增结果为依据,对这100株材料进行植株形态比较,发现那17个不能扩增出特异条带的单株均为假杂种。说明该制种单位汕优63的假种率为17％。大大超过部的有关规定。应对其原因和后果进行追究。用P18引物对18种分别为汕粳及其中间型的常用稻种进行PAPD扩增鉴定。除明恢63的亲本－圭630和中间型Pecos,Aus373具有0．8kb的特异条带（Fig.2）以外,其余均没有。是否明恢63与这两个中间型有起源关系,尚有待进一步验证。但至少说明：PAPD扩增可用于鉴定水稻品种田间串粉造成的假杂种。理论上,两个不同品种的杂交F1代的PAPD扩增谱带应为两种类型：与双亲同型和互补型。远大实际上,由于PAPD引物对不同DNA自然的竞争扩增效应等因素影响,常常使扩增量少的一些DNA片段在电泳谱带上表现不出来,而表现为单一亲本型谱带。这是引物P18之所以只有一条父本型条带的。多数情况下,这种单一新本型谱带也可以作为鉴定杂种纯 依据,但是要参照诸如形态特征等其它指标,区分具有同样大小（假定存在0．8kb的其怂u）特异条带的假杂种。本实验室正在继续筛选来源于母本的单一亲本型或互补型谱带的随机引物,立图建立起仅用PAPD扩增检测即可确诊的简便方法。     

SDS-PAGE、同工酶等电聚焦和RAPD标记鉴定两系杂交水稻F1种子纯度对比研究

目的：探讨利用种子贮藏蛋白SDS—PAGE电泳、酯酶同工酶超薄等电聚焦电泳和RAPD分子标记鉴定五个两系杂交水稻组合F_1种子纯度的可行性。方法和结果：利用SDS—PAGE电泳技术未能找到所试五个组合各自的父本特征蛋白质带;利用酯酶同工酶超薄等电聚焦电泳技术和RAPD分子标记可找到所试五个组合的父母本特征酶带和RAPD标记,但酯酶同工酶的多态性同时也受种子萌发时间的影响。酯酶同工酶超薄等电聚焦电泳和RAPD分子标记可用于所试五个两系杂交水稻组合F_1种子纯度的鉴定。     

RAPD和ISSR标记对水稻化感种质资源遗传多态性的分析

运用RAPD和ISSR技术分析水稻化感种质资源的遗传多态性。从供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的RAPD引物12条,ISSR引物7条。RAPD引物共扩增到85条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为69．4％。ISSR引物共扩增到34条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为53．0％。对两种标记结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果极其类似,呈极显著的正相关(r=0．74)。聚类结果表明,地理位置相近的品种聚为一类。部分具有较强化感作用潜力的水稻品种亲缘关系很近,表明控制其化感作用性状的基因可能是等位的相同基因。而部分化感作用潜力差异显著的水稻品种聚为一类,这是由于人类在长期高产品种的定向选择过程中,水稻化感作用性状不被注意而丢失,遗传基础日益狭窄的原因。     

用微卫星DNA标记检测中国主要杂交水稻亲本的遗传差异

选用分布于水稻(OryzasativaL.)12条染色体上的20对SSR(Simplesequencerepeats)引物,分析了具有多种质源和较大应用面积的24个水稻胞质雄性不育系、1个光(温)敏核不育系、3个保持系和5个生产中应用较广的恢复系。在以上33份杂交水稻亲本材料间共检测出102个等位基因(alleles),平均每对SSR引物可检测到5.1个等位基因。PIC(polymorphicindexcontent)值的变动范围为0.274～0.773,平均PIC值为0.554。从56对SSR引物中筛选出5对引物,能够有效地区分所有供试的水稻雄性不育系和恢复系。杂交水稻亲本的聚类分析表明:(1)我国水稻雄性不育系遗传变异丰富,但生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系遗传背景比较单一。(2)生产中应用面积较大的水稻雄性不育系遗传变异较恢复系差。(3)生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系与恢复系分别聚类于不同的类群,且遗传关系较远。     

RAPD标记在紫菜遗传多样性检测和种质鉴定中的应用

用ＲＡＰＤ技术对４类紫菜（Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒａ ｙｅｚｏｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｐ．ｈａｉｔａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｐ．ｋａｔａｄｎｉ ｖａｒ．ｈｅｍｉｐｈｙｌｌａ和Ｐ．ｏｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍａｔａｎｇｉａ）的１５个无性系丝状体进行了遗传多样履分析,从５０个ＯＰＥＲＯＮ引物中经过初筛,其中６个引物可以扩增出稳定的可重复的图谱。这６个引物共扩增出了６０条带,多态性比例达９７．１％。根据ＲＡＰＤ结果将这１５个无性了紫菜的ＤＮＡ     

红莲型杂交稻(红莲2号)及其骨干亲本的RAPD分析与鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡核苷酸引物（10－mer）中筛出18个引物对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲2号及其亲本（T－07A、T－07B、YD6－05）,另6个红莲型胞质不育系的骨干恢复和汕优63及其亲本共14份水稻材料进行分析。共检测到173个多态性标记。聚类分析结果表明：不育系与保持系间因核背景相似,遗传差异很小;杂种（F1）的基因型更倾向于恢复系;恢复系与保持系间遗传距离的相对较大,但各恢复系之间的遗传距离较小。利用这些标记能有效地地区交组合中不育系,保持系、恢复系和杂种（F1）。     

利用RAPD技术鉴定海南荔枝品种光明

应用RAPD标记对6份无性系材料进行检验,20个引物对6份材料均扩增出完全相同的125条带,不具多态性,证明6份材料遗传基础高度相似。利用30个引物对光明和其他42份材料的基因组进行多态性分析,多态性位点为212个,占总数的80、83％,显示多态性较高。光明和其他荔枝品种间的相似系数均较高,与大丁香的相似系数（0．884）最高。在相似系数0．78水平上,可将供试材料分成4大类,这些类型与成熟期有一定相关,光明属于第3类。光明不具特征谱带,但可用少数引物组合将其和很多品种区别开,如利用AP09、AM16和AK17即可将光明从其他荔枝材料中鉴别出来。     

Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Liaoning Weedy Rice Detected by RAPD and SSR Markers

Weedy rice refers to populations of usually annual Oryza species that diminish farmer income through reduction of grain yield and lowered commodity value at harvest. The genetic diversity and population genetic structure of weedy rice in Liaoning Province were studied by RAPD and SSR markers. The results indicate that the level of genetic diversity of Liaoning weedy rice is very low, with polymorphic loci being only 3.70% (RAPDs) and 47.62% (SSRs). On the other hand, high genetic differentiation was found among populations, in particular between two regions (Shenyang and Dandong), with Fst values of 0.746 (RAPDs) and 0.656 (SSRs), suggesting that more than two thirds of the genetic variation resides among regions. Combined with our investigations of cultural traditions, the low level of genetic diversity in Liaoning Province is attributed to its narrow genetic background enhanced by exchanges of cultivar seeds, whereas the high genetic differentiation between the two regions is most likely the result of different founding parents and gene flow from local rice varieties to weedy rice. The rice cultivars in the two regions are all local varieties and are different genetically. A comparison of the two marker systems demonstrates that SSR is more informative and powerful in terms of the assessment of genetic variability, although both RAPD and SSR provide useful genetic information on weedy rice.     

我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)的SSR分析

铁观音、黄棪和福鼎大白茶分别是我国乌龙茶和红绿茶育种中的骨干亲本,由他们衍生出了一系列的优良品种,研究他们的遗传多样性及构建指纹图谱将有助于今后茶树育种工作中骨干亲本的合理利用和品种权的保护。本研究利用40对SSR引物对我国乌龙茶骨干亲本铁观音、黄棪及其衍生品种(系)和红绿茶骨干亲本福鼎大白茶及衍生品种进行了研究。结果表明,34份供试品种(系)的基因多样性指数（H）为0.54,平均遗传距离0.58,表明我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)具有较高的遗传多样性水平和较大的遗传变异,且90%的遗传多样性来自品种之间的遗传差异。聚类结果表明两套品种(系)各自聚为一类,遗传结构分析也显示两套品种(系)之间存在明显的差异。利用其中5对引物组合构建了供试材料的数码指纹图谱。     

Genetic Variation of Main Parents of Hybrid Rice in China Was Revealed with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Total thirty throe parents of hybrid rice ( Oryza sativa L. ), including twenty five rice male sterile lines, throe maintainer lines and five restore lines, were analyzed by using twenty SSR (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs which disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. Those primers detected 102 alleles among 33 parents of hybrid rice. PIC (polymorphic index content) values ranged from 0.274 to 0.773. PIC value is 0.554 on the average. Five SSR primer pairs selected from fifty six primer pairs can distinguish individually all of the rice male sterile lines and restore lines in the present study. As results from cluster analysis, it was concluded as follows. (1) Rice male sterile lines have abundant genetic diversity in China. Genetic background was vulnerable among rice male sterile lines used in large scale. (2) In indica rice, genetic variation of the restored lines is larger than that of the male sterile lines. (3) The restored lines were clustered separately from the male sterile lines which are grown widely for production.     

杂交水稻结实率稳定性的遗传分析

本文采用三套同核异质不育系与５个恢复力不同的恢复系按Ｐ×Ｑ模式配组、分５期播种的试验设计,在ＡＭＭＩ模型分析结实率稳定性的基础上,进一步剖析了不育胞质、保持系、恢复系及其工作的各种遗传效应。     

我国部分金莲花种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD研究

用RAPD标记对来自不同产地的24份金莲花种质从分子水平开展遗传多样性研究,为综舍评价我国金莲花资源现状及植物资源的合理保护提供参考。结果显示,30条RAPD引物共扩增获得194条清晰可辨条带,其中多态性条带108条,多态性位点百分率为55．67％,金莲花总多样性指数为0．1460,居群内遗传多样性为0．0591,Shannon’s多样性指数为0．2248;通过UPGMA进行聚类分析,将24份金莲花种质划分为3个大类,根据总遗传多样性和居群内遗传多样性计算不同居群间遗传分化系数为0．6902,基因流估计平均值为0．2244。研究结果表明,目前我国金莲花种质资源的遗传多样性指教偏低,应该尽快采取相应措施,对不同金莲花资源进行合理保护。