环介导间接PCR鉴别高、低致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒方法的建立

建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)环介导间接PCR检测方法,用于该病毒的感染检测和高致病性毒株与低致病性毒株的鉴别诊断。根据GenBank数据库中PRRSV中国流行株ORF7和ORF1a基因序列的保守性,设计2对特异性探针,分别标记于大豆Lectin基因两端,作为报告基因,经过一步链置换反应后,采用反向PCR扩增报告基因,建立PRRSV环介导间接PCR检测方法,该方法扩增HP-PRRSV可得大小为193bp和355bp的特异片段,扩增LP-PRRSV可得大小为193bp和442bp的特异片段。试验结果表明,该方法能成功鉴别HP/LP-PRRSV,可检测出5.6TCID50/mL LP-PRRSV和18TCID50/mL HP-PRRSV的病毒RNA,HP/LP-PRRSV混合感染不影响检测灵敏度,与CSFV、PPV、PRV、PCV2、ETEC和Haemophilus parasui等常见猪源性病原的检测无明显交叉反应;对20份临床样本进行比较检测,环介导间接PCR检测出14份PRRSV阳性样本,其中4份LP-PRRSV、9份HP-PRRSV和1份LP/HP-PRRSV,与常规PCR检测结果一致。环介导间接PCR是一种简便快速、灵敏、特异的病原学诊断工具,适合PRRSV感染的快速检测和HP/LP-PRRSV鉴别诊断,尤其适合HP/LP-PRRSV混合感染的鉴别。     

转基因烟草检测技术研究

本研究建立了转基因烟草常用调控基因35S启动子和nos终止子,标记基因npt-II和目的基因TMV－CP的PCR检测技术,并用轻构建的pUC18质粒提纯的35S启动子和nos终止子基因经地高辛标记后制成了基因探针,建立了检测35S启动子和os终止子的分子杂交技术,杂交试验证明,PCR扩增的35S启动子和nos终止子为特异性扩增产物,此项检测技术具有快速,特异,敏感,经济以及可重复性强等优点。     

双加氧酶α亚基保守序列克隆及探针制备

制备地高辛标记的环羟基化双加氧酶的α亚基保守序列探针。利用PCR法成功地克隆了环羟基化双加氧酶的α亚基保守序列310 bp片段,并对其进行测序。利用PCR法制备地高辛标记探针,对新标记的探针进行检测,结果显示其标记效率在0.1 pg/μL;敏感性检测表明,对同源DNA的检出限量为100 pg;对提取的副溶血性孤菌质粒DNA、短小芽胞杆菌总DNA杂交均呈阴性,说明该探针具有较强的特异性。     

环介导等温扩增联合横向流动试纸条快速检测创伤弧菌检测方法的建立

环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)与横向流动试纸条(LFD)检测联合应用,建立了一种新的快速、便捷的创伤弧菌检测方法。针对创伤弧菌的外膜蛋白TolC基因设计6条特异性引物和1条异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的探针。生物素标记的LAMP扩增产物能够特异性地与FITC标记的探针杂交,杂交产物经LFD检测。优化后的扩增温度和时间为63℃反应35 min,加上细菌基因组DNA提取步骤,完成检测仅需要80 min。LAMP-LFD方法可特异性地检出创伤弧菌,对哈维氏弧菌等9种水产品常见病原菌的检测均呈阴性;对纯细菌培养物的检测灵敏度为3.7×102 CFU/mL或7.4 CFU/反应,是利用外引物建立的常规PCR检测的100倍。结果表明,该方法能够准确、快速、灵敏地检出创伤弧菌,可应用于创伤弧菌污染的水产品的检测。     

基于双探针杂交的AIV、NDV和FAV-4三重环介导PCR鉴别检测方法的建立及应用

本研究目的是建立禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)和禽腺病毒4型(FAV-4)三重环介导PCR检测方法,用于3种病毒混合感染的鉴别诊断。根据GenBank数据库中AIV的HA基因、NDV的F基因和FAV-4的Hexon基因序列保守性,分别设计两条序列相邻的特异性探针,标记于不同大小的拟南芥TOC1基因片段两端,作为报告基因,用于环介导PCR检测,成功建立了AIV、NDV和FAV-4三重环介导PCR鉴别诊断方法,扩增片段大小分别为200bp、270bp和360bp。特异性试验结果表明,环介导PCR对含有AIV、NDV和FAV-4核酸的样品可扩增出特异性目的片段,而含有IBDV、IVB、FPV和MDV核酸的样品则未见明显扩增,特异性良好;灵敏性试验结果表明,环介导PCR对AIV、NDV和FAV-4的最低极限浓度分别为25pg/μL、12.5pg/μL和12.5pg/μL的核酸样品,检测灵敏度高;多病原同时检测不影响环介导PCR检测特异性和灵敏性。利用该方法对117份临床样本进行检测,结果显示,环介导PCR对AIV、NDV和FAV-4阳性检出率分别为15.4%,27.4%和34.2%,分别高于常规PCR 12.8%,23.9%和32.5%,接近于SybrGreen实时PCR 15.4%,28.2%和35%;kappa一致性检验显示,环介导PCR、SybrGreen实时PCR两种方法对AIV、NDV和FAV-4检测结果高度符合,Kappa值分别为κ=0.93、κ=0.89和κ=0.94。本研究成功建立了AIV、NDV和FAV-4三重环介导PCR检测方法,适用于临床上3种病原的快速鉴别诊断。     

通用PCR反向斑点杂交快速检测及鉴定致病性酵母菌

建立PCR结合寡核苷酸探针反向斑点杂交技术,快速检测及鉴定致病性酵母菌.将待检酵母菌种特异性寡核苷酸探针固定在尼龙膜上,然后用生物素标记的真菌通用引物扩增的各真菌DNA片段,与固定在膜上的探针杂交.结果表明所用的真菌通用引物可扩增临床常见的真菌DNA,9种特异性探针具有高度的特异性.该方法检测35例临床分离菌株,结果与常规鉴定方法一致.该技术检测时间短、操作简单、不需要特殊设备,能部分满足临床检测的通量要求.具有很好的临床应用前景.     

分子信标探针用于PCR检测对虾白斑杆状病毒

将对虾白斑杆状病毒的一段特异性DNA设计成分子信标探针,用于该病毒的PCR检测.温度与荧光强度之间的关系表明,所设计探针的发夹既可以形成也可以打开,符合PCR对分子信标探针的要求.结果表明,在PCR同时加入分子信标探针不影响PCR扩增,分子信标探针只能与目的DNA杂交,具有较高的特异性.随着PCR循环数的增加以及含目的DNA的质粒拷贝数的增加,荧光强度都随之增强.     

粘虫颗粒体病毒增效因子的基因定位

参考粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni 颗粒体病毒增强因子的基因序列,设计PCR引物,用PCR反应扩增出特异性产物。用EcoRⅠ、BamHⅠ双酶酶切处理PCR反应产物,然后克隆到质粒pUC19中,构建重组质粒pUC19-SF;对重组质粒pUC19-SF中的外源片段测序,结果证明PCR扩增产物是粘虫颗粒体病毒PuGV-Ps增效因子基因的一段序列。重组质粒pUC19-SF的插入片段标记为探针,通过Southern杂交将增效因子基因定位于PuGV-Ps病毒基因组的多种酶切片段上。     

用反向斑点杂交方法检测猪常见致病菌

目的:建立检测猪常见致病菌的反向斑点杂交方法。方法:将23S rRNA基因芯片用的针对12种细菌的25～30 mer探针加长到30～38 mer,2对通用引物序列不变。用地高辛标记下游引物,以尼龙膜为载体制备膜芯片,检验探针/膜杂交的特异性和敏感性;另外设计1条大肠杆菌K88基因探针、一段带K88探针的报告基因和1对报告基因的反向PCR引物,在PCR体系中增加封口的K88报告基因和反向引物对,被检样品扩增后进行膜杂交。结果:修改的13条探针与参考目标菌株在膜上成特异性杂交,对52个参考菌株和野外分离株的检测准确率为92%;膜杂交的敏感性与玻片芯片接近,最小检出量为100 fg DNA;在尼龙膜上增加K88探针,与3重PCR产物杂交,可以检测到大肠杆菌K88毒力基因。结论:建立的反向斑点杂交方法简便快速,检测成本低,可用于仪器设备不足的实验室,同时可以加入检测如大肠杆菌K88等致病基因,提高基于保守基因的芯片的诊断能力。     

柑桔溃疡病菌滚环扩增检测体系的建立

根据柑桔溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,Xac)独有的蛋白基因序列和锁式探针公共连接序列分别设计特异性的锁式探针及其扩增引物,优化系列反应条件,建立了特异性的柑桔溃疡病菌滚环扩增体系.初步检测结果表明该体系能够特异性地检出Xac的菌体细胞及其DNA,而检测不出供试的其它植物病原细菌和柑桔叶面常见的多种附生细菌;对Xac靶片段克隆质粒DNA的检测灵敏度为10 2 copy/μL,对Xac菌悬液的检测灵敏度为20 cfu/μL,比常规PCR的检测灵敏度稍高.用滚环扩增技术和常规PCR技术对田间采集的实际样品进行了检测,两种方法的检测结果没有显著差异(P＞0.01).由于锁式探针的公共连接序列对扩增的条件要求一致,本体系的建立可以为植物病原微生物多靶标检测和病害检疫检验提供新的技术支撑.     

General and hybrid correlation nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of phosphorus in Phytophthora palmivora

As a specific tumor marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Sensitive and specific methods are required to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PSA detection. In the current study, we compared the immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) method with the solid-phase proximity ligation assay (SP-PLA) with respect to the detection of PSA. Using oligonucleotide-labeled antibody probes, we used both immuno-PCR and SP-PLA to detect trace levels of PSA. The nucleic acid sequences can be monitored using real-time PCR. SP-PLA, however, was found to be superior in terms of both the detection limit and the dynamic range. To detect even lower levels of PSA, we used the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to measure the levels of reporter DNA molecules in SP-PLA. The sensitivity of the LAMP method is 0.001 pM, which is approximately 100-fold higher than the sensitivities of the other assays. The results suggest that an SP-PLA- and LAMP-based protocol with oligonucleotide-labeled antibody probes may have great application in detecting PSA or other proteins present at trace levels.     

Application of a unique server-based oligonucleotide probe selection tool toward a novel biosensor for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes

We developed a software program for the rapid selection of detection probes to be used in nucleic acid-based assays. In comparison to commercially available software packages, our program allows the addition of oligotags as required by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) as well as automatic BLAST searches for all probe/primer pairs. We then demonstrated the usefulness of the program by designing a novel lateral flow biosensor for Streptococcus pyogenes that does not rely on amplification methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or NASBA to obtain low limits of detection, but instead uses multiple reporter and capture probes per target sequence and an instantaneous amplification via dye-encapsulating liposomes. These assays will decrease the detection time to just a 20 min hybridization reaction and avoid costly enzymatic gene amplification reactions. The lateral flow assay was developed quantifying the 16S rRNA from S. pyogenes by designing reporter and capture probes that specifically hybridize with the RNA and form a sandwich. DNA reporter probes were tagged with dye-encapsulating liposomes, biotinylated DNA oligonucleotides were used as capture probes. From the initial number of capture and reporter probes chosen, a combination of two capture and three reporter probes were found to provide optimal signal generation and significant enhancement over single capture/reporter probe combinations. The selectivity of the biosensor was proven by analyzing organisms closely related to S. pyogenes, such as other Streptococcus and Enterococcus species. All probes had been selected by the software program within minutes and no iterative optimization and re-design of the oligonucleotides was required which enabled a very rapid biosensor prototyping. While the sensitivity obtained with the biosensor was only 135 ng, future experiments will decrease this significantly by the addition of more reporter and capture probes for either the same rRNA or a different nucleic acid target molecule. This will lead to the possibility of detecting S. pyogenes with a rugged assay that does not require a cell culturing or gene amplification step and will therefore enable rapid, specific and sensitive onsite testing.     

基因芯片技术检测3种食源性致病微生物方法的建立

建立一种运用多重PCR和基因芯片技术检测和鉴定志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157的方法, 为3种食源性致病菌的快速检测和鉴定提供了准确、快速、灵敏的方法。分别选取编码志贺氏菌侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、沙门氏菌肠毒素(stn)基因和致泻性大肠杆菌O157志贺样毒素(slt)基因设计引物和探针, 进行三重PCR扩增, 产物与含特异性探针的芯片杂交。对7种细菌共26株菌进行芯片检测, 仅3种菌得到阳性扩增结果, 证明此方法具有很高的特异性。3种致病菌基因组DNA和细菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度约为8 pg。对模拟食品样品进行直接检测, 结果与常规细菌学培养结果一致, 检测限为50 CFU/mL。结果表明：所建立的基因芯片检测方法特异性好, 灵敏度高, 为食源性致病菌的检测提供了理想手段, 有良好的应用前景。     

NLF2 gene expression in the endometrium of patients with implantation failure after IVF treatment

We developed and evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection of the multidrug-resistance gene cfr. A pair of outer primers and a pair of inner primers and one loop primer were specially designed for recognizing seven distinct sequences on the target cfr gene. The amplification reaction was performed within only 35 min under isothermal conditions at 63 °C in a regular water bath with visual measurement. The LAMP assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional PCR, with a detection limit of 1 pg per tube of chicken Staphylococcus sciuri genomic DNA. The detection rate of cfr gene for 50 Staphylococcus clinical strains by LAMP assays was 16% and appeared 100% consistence with the result by PCR method. The LAMP method reported here demonstrated a potential and valuable means for detection of the multidrug-resistance gene cfr: easy, rapid, visual, specific, accurate and sensitive, especially useful for on-the-spot investigation.     

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum in 1 h without thermal cycling. A fragment of R. salmoninarum p57 gene was amplified at 63 degrees C in the presence of Bst polymerase and a specially designed primer mixture. The specificity of the BKD-LAMP assay was demonstrated by the absence of any cross reaction with other bacterial strains, followed by restriction digestion of the amplified products. Detections of BKD-LAMP amplicons by visual inspection, agrose gel electrophoresis, and real-time monitoring using a turbidimeter were equivalently sensitive. The BKD-LAMP assay has the sensitivity of the nested PCR method, and 10 times the sensitivity of one-round PCR assay. The lower detection limit of BKD-LAMP and nested PCR is 1 pg genomic R. salmoninarum DNA, compared to 10 pg genomic R. salmoninarum DNA for one-round PCR assay. In comparison to other available diagnostic methods, the BKD-LAMP assay is rapid, simple, sensitive, specific, and cost effective with a high potential for field application.     

Sensitive and rapid detection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method

AIMS: To evaluate the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) for rapid detection of Flavobacterium columnare and determine the suitability of LAMP for rapid diagnosis of columnaris infection in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. METHODS AND RESULTS: A set of four primers, two outer and two inner, were designed specifically to recognize 16S ribosomal RNA gene of this pathogen. Bacterial genomic DNA templates were prepared by hot lysis in a lysis buffer. Amplification of the specific gene segments was carried out at 65 degrees C for 1 h. The amplified gene products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by staining gels with ethidium bromide. A PCR assay was also included in this study. Our results demonstrate that the ladder-like pattern of bands from 204 bp specific to the Fl. columnare 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was comparable to that of PCR in prepared genomic DNA reactions. In addition, this optimized LAMP assay was able to detect the Fl. columnare 16S ribosomal RNA gene in experimentally infected channel catfish. CONCLUSIONS: The LAMP assay for Fl. columnare detection in channel catfish was established. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Because LAMP assay is a rapid, sensitive, specific, simple and cost-effective assay for Fl. columnare detection in channel catfish, it is useful for rapid diagnosis of Fl. columnare in fish hatcheries and the field.     

Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with lateral flow dipstick for detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

Malaria is largely a preventable and curable disease. However, a delay or an inappropriate treatment can result in serious adverse outcomes for patient. Rapid, simple and cost-effective diagnostic tests that can be easily adapted and rapidly scaled-up at the field or community levels are needed. In this study, accelerated detection methods for the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) dihydrofolate reductase–thymidylate synthase were developed based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. The developed methods included the use of species-specific biotinylated primers to amplify LAMP amplicons, which were then hybridized to specific FITC-labeled DNA probes and visualized on a chromatographic lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The total LAMP–LFD assay time was approximately 1.5 h. The LAMP–LFD assays showed similar detection limit to conventional PCR assay when performed on plasmid DNA carrying the malaria dhfr-ts genes. The LAMP–LFD showed 10 folds higher detection limit than PCR when performed on genomic DNA samples from Pf and Pv parasites. The dhfr-ts LAMP–LFD assays also have the advantages of reduced assay time and easy format for interpretation of results.     

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting 18S Ribosomal DNA for Rapid Detection of Acanthamoeba

Amoebic keratitis (AK) caused by Acanthamoeba is one of the most serious corneal infections. AK is frequently misdiagnosed initially as viral, bacterial, or fungal keratitis, thus ensuring treatment delays. Accordingly, the early detection of Acanthamoeba would contribute significantly to disease management and selection of an appropriate anti-amoebic therapy. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been applied to the clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba using clinical ocular specimens in the diagnosis of AK. Acanthamoeba LAMP assays detected 11 different strains including all AK-associated species. The copy number detection limit for a positive signal was 10 DNA copies of 18S rDNA per reaction. No cross-reactivity with the DNA of fungi or other protozoa was observed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was higher than those of Nelson primer PCR and JDP primer PCR. In the present study, LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient at detecting Acanthamoeba as DNA extracted using a commercial kit, whereas PCR was only effective when commercial kit-extracted DNA was used. This study showed that the devised Acanthamoeba LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AK in a simple, sensitive, and specific manner.     

Simultaneous detection of Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 with fluorogenic PCR and single-enrichment-broth culture

A multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay for simultaneous detection of pathogenic Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed and evaluated for use in detecting very low levels of these pathogens in meat and feces. Two sets of primers were used to amplify a junctional segment of virulence genes sipB and sipC of Salmonella and an intragenic segment of gene eae of E. coli O157:H7. Fluorogenic reporter probes were included in the PCR assay for automated and specific detection of amplified products. The assay could detect <10 CFU of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or E. coli O157:H7 per g of meat or feces artificially inoculated with these pathogens and cultured for 6 to 18 h in a single enrichment broth. Detection of amplification products could be completed in 相似文献   

Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus DNA directly in faecal specimens

Aims: To develop a specific and highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for the rapid detection of canine parvovirus (CPV) DNA directly in suspected faecal samples of dogs by employing a simple method of template preparation. Methods and Results: LAMP reaction was developed by designing two sets of outer and inner primers, which target a total of six distinct regions on VP2 gene of CPV. The template DNA was prepared by a simple boiling and chilling method. Of the 140 faecal samples screened by the developed LAMP and the conventional PCR assays, 104 samples (74·28%) were found positive by LAMP, whereas 81 samples (57·85%) were found positive by PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay was tested by cross-examination of common pathogens of dogs and further confirmed by sequencing. The detection limit of the LAMP was 0·0001 TCID(50) ml(-1) , whereas the detection limit of the PCR was 1000 TCID(50) ml(-1) . Conclusions: The developed LAMP assay detects CPV DNA in faecal specimens directly within an hour by following a simple and rapid boiling and chilling method of template preparation. The result also shows that the developed LAMP assay is specific and highly sensitive in detecting CPV. Significance and Impact of the Study: The result indicates the potential usefulness of LAMP which is a simple, rapid, specific, highly sensitive and cost-effective field-based method for direct detection of CPV from the suspected faecal samples of dogs.