模拟沉积环境下的温度、湿度对叶片DNA降解的影响

为了探讨自然环境下生物体内DNA的降解,残存规律,设计了模拟特殊自然沉积环境的实验装置以控制温度、湿度和含氧水平,采用Brassica chinensis叶片作为实验材料,从实验装置中定期采集叶片组织进行总DNA的提取与检测,然后采用定量PCR方法,对目标DNA片段(28S rDNA,630bp)进行特异扩增,依据PCR反应的强弱,描绘目标DNA的变化曲线。共报道了8种不同模拟条件下的DNA降解(残存)趋势。实验结果如下：1)环境温度升高,DNA的降解速率增加,如温度从10℃上升到30℃,DNA的降解速率最大可增加近300倍。环境含水量增加可明显促进DNA的降解,在本实验中潮湿状态(浸没在水中)与干燥状态的叶片相比。其DNA的残存量在相同的实验时间内可相差近700倍。初步的实验结果表明,环境温度和湿度均是影响DNA降解的重要因素。     

TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测水稻RAcl基因mRNA方法的建立

构建包含RAcl基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为水稻肌动蛋白基因RAcl之mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立检测方法,为水稻其他基因的定量建立内参。从水稻叶总RNA中逆转录扩增总cDNA,PCR扩增RAcl基因中设计的目的片段,将纯化的目的片段与pMD19-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌JM-109,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析。纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验。建立了RAcl基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102—1护拷贝,阈值循环数（Ct）与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（r=1．000）,扩增效率高（E=98．2％）。建立了基因RAcl实时定量PCR的质粒标准品。     

TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测水稻RAc1基因mRNA方法的建立

构建包含RAc1基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为水稻肌动蛋白基因RAc1之mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立检测方法,为水稻其他基因的定量建立内参.从水稻叶总RNA中逆转录扩增总cDNA,PCR扩增RAc1基因中设计的目的片段,将纯化的目的片段与pMD19-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌JM-109,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析.纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验.建立了RAc1基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102～107拷贝,阈值循环数(Ct)与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系(r=1.000),扩增效率高(E=98.2%).建立了基因RAc1实时定量PCR的质粒标准品.     

大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立快速检测实验大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR方法。方法根据大鼠冠状病毒N基因、仙台病毒L基因设计特异性引物;经过双重PCR优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立双重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本和实验动物组织样本,并与ELISA方法比对。结果双重PCR扩增出大鼠冠状病毒(168 bp)和仙台病毒(262 bp)目的条带,PCR扩增产物测序结果利用核酸BLAST功能进行同源序列对比,仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒同源性分别为100%和99%。仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒的检测下限为1.56×10~2 copies/μL。特异性检测对小鼠肝炎病毒扩增,产生片段大小近似大鼠冠状病毒产物。应用建立的双重PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本,30份DNA标本均被检出;检测94份实验动物肺组织样本,结果均阴性。结论建立的双重PCR方法操作简单、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,能够实现对实验动物仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒病原体的快速检测。     

双重实时荧光PCR定量检测动物产品中牛源性成分

旨在建立一种定量检测动物产品中牛源性成分含量的双重实时荧光PCR方法。以牛卫星IV DNA为检测靶基因,以肌肉生长抑制素基因作为内对照合成引物探针,采用基于TaqMan的双重实时荧光PCR技术对已知牛肉添加比例的冻干混合肉粉标准品进行检测并建立线性模型,并应用模拟样品和送检样品进行了验证检测。结果显示,该方法可检出牛源成分含量为0.1%的冻干肉粉,不与其他种动物组织发生交叉反应,重复性试验的相对标准偏差小于5%,方法的扩增效率为93.6%。该方法适用于肉品中牛源性成分的定量检测,可用于测定市场上动物产品中的牛源性成分含量。     

有效提取病毒诱导基因沉默植株中DNA的方法

根据PCR反应的要求,用改良的CTAB法,以番茄植株为材料,实现了微量番茄叶片基因组DNA的快速提取。提取基因组DNA所用的组织量少,所得的DNA经过电泳检测虽有降解,但足以用于PCR检测,以其作模板扩增中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒诱导的硫黄素酶（Su）基因沉默植株中病毒组分中的DNAmβ和1.7 A,片段大小分别为1 300、500 bp。测序结果证明是相应基因的部分片段。该方法的材料不需要使用液氮,可以单人大批量提取,并在基因沉默的番茄植株中能稳定而准确的规模化PCR检测。     

PCR技术在检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌中的应用研究

目的　建立实验大小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法———PCR法。方法　根据已公布的金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因的序列 ,设计并合成一对特异性的引物 ,利用PCR技术扩增nuc基因片段。对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抽提的DNA进行扩增。结果　金黄色葡萄球菌PCR产物出现 6 6 8bp的特异性DNA扩增片段 ,而其他非金黄色葡萄球菌未出现扩增片段 ,证实了合成的引物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性。将抽提的金黄色葡萄球菌DNA进行系列稀释 ,测定此PCR体系的敏感性 ,结果显示 ,该PCR体系能检出 3pg金黄色葡萄球菌DNA ,且从抽提DNA到PCR扩增及电泳结束仅需 4h。结论　本研究所建立的扩增耐热核酸酶nuc基因检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的PCR方法 ,具有快速、可靠、敏感和特异的特点 ,可用于临床样品和金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的检测 ,适合应用于实验大小鼠的监测。     

O1群霍乱弧菌实时荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立

目的:建立针对O1群霍乱弧菌的实时荧光定量TaqMan PCR快速检测方法,并进行模拟粪便标本的检测评价。方法:根据O1群霍乱弧菌O抗原编码基因rfb的特异性序列设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立检测O1群霍乱弧菌的实时荧光定量TaqMan PCR快速检测方法,对所建立的方法分别进行实验室内的灵敏度及特异性评价;将O1群霍乱弧菌灭活菌株悬液倍比稀释后与健康成人新鲜粪便混匀,制备成模拟带菌者粪便标本,提取DNA,进行Taq-Man PCR检测,用以评价该方法。结果:建立了快速检测O1群霍乱弧菌的实时荧光定量TaqMan PCR方法,灵敏度为每反应体系104拷贝;该方法对其他14种肠道菌DNA没有扩增;该方法对模拟粪便标本的检测灵敏度为每反应体系102 CFU。结论:建立了一种快速、高效检测O1群霍乱弧菌的荧光定量PCR检测方法,该方法可用于O1群霍乱弧菌临床粪便标本的检测。     

应用PCR方法鉴别猪肉和牛肉

参考已有文献建立了一种快速检测猪肉和牛肉的PCR实验方法。首先,提取基因组DNA,设计针对目的基因的特异性引物,其次,通过PCR方法扩增特异性DNA片段,再利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳予以分离和鉴定,根据DNA分子量的大小及测序结果,鉴别、确认不同的肉类样品。本实验方法简便、特异性高,不仅可作为教学实验,也可用于肉制品的检测。     

进口肉骨粉中牛成分检测研究

根据18S核糖体基因保守序列设计引物,对牛骨粉,鱼粉,牛肉,羊肉,猪肉,鸡肉,鸭肉,鱼肉的DNA样品进行PCR扩增,均得到137bp的扩增片段;根据牛线粒体的特异基因片段设计引物,对上述材料DNA样品进行PCR扩增,结果只在牛肉和牛骨粉中出现271bp的扩增,本实验建立了从进口肉骨粉中检测牛成分的PCR方法,检测灵敏度达到牛成分含量为0．1％（W／W）的水平,用建立起来的方法对进口肉骨粉,鱼粉和饲料添加剂进行了检测,结果在5批肉骨粉中检测出含有可能导致疯牛病的牛成分。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.