通过基因枪轰击转化获得转基因小麦植株的研究

利用ＪＱ－７００型高速基因枪将ｐＤＭ３０２质粒ＤＮＡ上的ｂａｒ基因即ＰＡＴ酶基因导入了冬小麦品种“农大１４６”的幼胚中。经过在含有的选择培养基上筛选,得到了９块具有ｐｐｔ抗性的愈伤组织。ＰＣＲ电泳检测与ＰＣＲ－Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ发要交结果显示,外源ｂａｒ基因已转化进了由其中４块愈伤组织再生出的转基因的小麦植株中。     

由ADP诱导的人血小板聚集的动力学模型

用比浊法测量富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）在ＡＤＰ诱导后的光密度变化作为血小板聚集程度量度的方法已经用了二十余年了,但至今讨论血小板聚集动力学的数学描述的文献还很少。本文基于Ｔ．Ａｂｃ提出的血小板聚集是一级反应的假定和我们的实验结果,我们发现由ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集曲线可以分解为三项：１．可逆性聚集Ｔ１;２．可逆性聚集的解聚项Ｔ２;３．不可逆聚集Ｔ３,而总的聚集曲线可由Ｔ＝Ｔ１－Ｔ２＋Ｔ３表示。     

江南牡丹草的化学成分研究

江南牡丹草 Leontice kiangnanensis,别名江南玄胡 ,主要分布在浙江西北部和安徽皖南山区。民间草药 ,药用块茎 ,有清热解毒、活血化瘀功效 ;用于治疗跌打损伤、骨折疼痛、头痛、吐血、外伤出血等症 ,疗效显著。其化学成分研究未见报道。我们从江南牡丹草块茎水溶性生物碱中分离得到 1 5个生物碱成分 ,报道了其中 7个已知化合物 ,其它 8个生物碱的结构另文报道。1 　实验部分1 .1 　实验仪器与材料熔点用 X-4型显微熔点仪测定 (温度计未校正 )。红外光谱用 Perkin-Elmer 983型红外光谱仪测定 ,溶剂为 CDCl3和 CDOD,TMS内标。质谱用 V…     

真核微生物的类金属硫蛋白

本文为真核微生物ＭＴ４５篇文献综述,在酵母菌和真菌中,细胞对重金属毒害的抗性或者以结合金属离子的蛋白质─-ＭＴ形式调控,或者通过合金属离子的整合肽（γ－Ｇｌｎ－Ｃｙｓ）ｕＧｌｙ类型调控。本综述包括酵母菌ＭＴ序列、金属结合特性;ＭＴｓ及ＰＣｓ结构和功能,以及ＭＴ基因、基因放大、基因调控;最后,我们叙述了酵母菌ＭＴ在制药、金属回收和ＭＴ启动子在生物工程中的应用。     

水稻MITEs类转座子mPing研究进展

Miniature Ping(mPing)是小型反向重复转座子(Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements,MITEs)类转座子Tourist-like超家族重要成员,是水稻基因组内检测到的第一个活跃的MITEs,是MITEs大家族中少数低拷贝且可以在自然状态下维持转座活性的成员之一,因此,mPing是转座子相关领域研究的良好素材。该文综合阐述了近年来国内外有关mPing的结构、转座酶供体、激活特性以及对基因组的影响等方面的研究进展,为进一步深入探究MITEs的转座机制以及mPing转座子的开发利用提供资料。     

不同亚型ZnMT使脱金属碳酸酐酶复活的比较研究

通过荧光探针、酶的活力测定及对金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）分子中金属与巯基配位键的特征吸收检测,比较研究了锌诱导兔肾不同亚型ＺｎＭＴ使脱金属碳酸酐酶（ＡｐｏＣＡ）复活的能力大小。结果表明,不同亚型ＺｎＭＴ对ＡｐｏＣＡ具有不同的反应活性,ＭＴ１比ＭＴ_２对于ＡｎｏＣＡ的复活具有更强的反应活性,此结论与我们在研究不同亚型ＭＴ清除自由基时的结果相一致。这两种亚型ＭＴ在反应活性上的差异,很可能与其在生物体内功能上的分化密切相关。     

四川榛属新分布(英)

据报道,维西榛（Ｃｃｒｙｌｕｓ ｗａｎｇｉｉ）仅分布在云南西北部。我们鉴定了中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（ＰＥ）的标本,发现了该种在四川东部的分布。该种与Ｃｏｒｙｌｕｓ ｊａｃｑｕｅｍｏｎｔｉｉ在形态学和分子水平上存在间断性。     

有基因转录活性的血管紧张素Ⅱ1B受体的组织分布

我们首次利用基因同源重组技术,用包含编码β半乳糖苷酶（ＬａｃＺ基因）基因的ＡＴ１Ｂ同源ＤＮＡ片段,置换ＡＴ１Ｂ受体基因的外显子序列,通过显色示踪基因ＬａｃＺ产生的β半乳糖苷酶,观察了有基因转录活性的ＡＴ１Ｂ受体的组织分布。结果显示ＡＴ１Ｂ受体主要分布在睾丸、肾上腺皮质的球状带和蛛网膜下腔血管及侧脑室脉络膜血管上,在垂体前叶组织中也有少量的存在。为进一步研究ＡＴ１Ｂ受体的生理和生化功能确定了组织学分布范围     

肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖O-乙酰化修饰的研究进展

肺炎链球菌表面覆盖着一层荚膜,由多糖组成,是肺炎链球菌关键的毒力因子和重要的抗原,也是细菌分型的依据。强毒血清型的荚膜多糖被制成糖疫苗在抗感染方面发挥了巨大作用。荚膜多糖结构复杂,经常被O-乙酰化修饰,这些多变的化学修饰扮演着重要的生物学角色。本文对肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖O-乙酰化修饰的研究进展进行了介绍,包括荚膜多糖的遗传基础、合成途径和血清学特征,荚膜多糖的O-乙酰化修饰的化学结构及其相应的O-乙酰基转移酶,O-乙酰化修饰的化学鉴定和生物学功能。同时,我们也总结了多糖O-乙酰化修饰在肺炎链球菌微进化中的作用和对糖疫苗的影响,并对今后的研究进行了展望。本综述旨在为研究荚膜多糖的O-乙酰化修饰的致病机制奠定基础,也为糖疫苗的设计提供指导。     

菜心SOD基因的克隆及其在低温条件下的表达分析

采用同源克隆法从菜心中获得3个SOD基因,并进行生物信息学分析,采用qRT-PCR分析3个基因在不同组织器官和低温胁迫下的表达模式。结果表明:(1)获得Cu/Zn-SOD、Fe-SOD、Mn-SOD基因的ORF,分别命名为BclCZSD、BclFSD、BclMSD,序列长分别为459、639、696bp,分别编码152、212、231个氨基酸。(2)生物信息学分析显示,3种蛋白均为稳定的亲水性蛋白,均不存在跨膜结构和信号肽,BclCZSD的二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,含有2个Cu/Zn-SOD结构域,BclFSD和BclMSD的二级结构以α-螺旋为主,含有一个相同的Mn/Fe-SOD结构域;进化分析显示BclCZSD和BclMSD与油菜最先聚在一个分支,BclFSD与甘蓝、萝卜、油菜、芜菁聚在一个分支。(3)qRT-PCR结果显示,BclCZSD、BclFSD和BclMSD基因在菜心根、茎、叶和叶柄中均有表达,且在根、茎、叶和叶柄中的表达模式不完全相同;低温条件下,3个基因的表达量随着胁迫时间的延长均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。研究结果为进一步探讨菜心SOD基因在低温胁迫下的响应机制奠定了基础。     

Stability Expression of Herbicide Resistant Gene and Luciferase Gene in Calli Derived from Wheat Protoplasts

Plasmid pJIT101 containing bar gene and luc gene was transferred into wheat protoplasts mediated with PEG 1450. Transformants were then selected out in medium containing 50 mg/L Basta, a phosphinothricin (PPT)containing chemical product. The results of DNA hybridizaion indicated that both bar gene and luc gene had integerated into transformant genome. The luciferase activity has also been detected in those transformants.     

Stably transformed callus of wheat by electroporation-induced direct gene transfer

Fertile plants of wheat have been regenerated from protoplasts in several laboratories. The objective of this study was to develop a transformation system using protoplasts as target cells. Protoplasts were isolated from cell suspensions initiated from an anther-derived callus. The protoplasts were transformed by electroporation using pBARGUS or pBAS, both carrying the Basta resistance (BAR) gene. A total of 2,761 calli were produced from electroporation transformed protoplasts in 3 independent experiments. Six calli survived selective culture on 10 mg/l phosphinothricin (PPT), a concentration that completely inhibited the growth of non-transformed wheat callus. Five PPT resistant calli showed phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) activity, whereas the sixth probably was a mutant. The transformed wheat calli could tolerate PPT concentrations up to 2,560 mg/l. Southern blot analyses confirmed the integration of the BAR gene in wheat genomes. The integrated DNA sequence may have partially methylated and tandemly repeated at least once. These results demonstrate the production of stably transformed wheat calli by electroporation-mediated direct gene transfer into protoplasts.     

Characterization of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and C-terminal enzymatically active fusion proteins

Enhanced expression of the bialaphos resistance (bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, which confers resistance to the herbicides bialaphos and phosphinothricin (PPT), has been obtained in Escherichia coli using a vector system based on translational coupling. The gene product, PPT acetyltransferase, was purified to homogeneity and its enzymatic properties were analyzed. Hybrid gene constructs with gene fragments fused to the 3'-terminus of bar yield fusion proteins having acetyltransferase activity, with a Michaelis constant for the PPT substrate comparable to the unmodified enzyme. The bar gene represents a selectable and assayable reporter gene especially suitable for 3'-terminal gene fusions.     

Phosphinothricin stimulates somatic embryogenesis in grape (Vitis sp. L.)

The effect of phosphinothricin concentration on embryo production from an embryogenic callus of Chancellor (Vitis L. complex interspecific hybrid) was tested. Embryogenic callus was cultured on medium supplemented with nine phosphinothricin concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mg/l). The highest number of embryos per plate was observed at 0.5 mg/l phosphinothricin. The use of phosphinothricin to stimulate embryo production did not affect embryo germination and plantlet formation. Three germination techniques were compared. Embryo dehydration or growth on Transfergelsolidified medium gave higher germination rates than chilling treatments. Most germinated somatic embryos produced secondary embryos from the hypocotyl after a few weeks of culture. Regardless of the germination technique, the plantlet conversion rate was very low.Abbreviations AC activated charcoal - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - BA 6-benzylaminopurine - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium - NN Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) medium - PPT phosphinothricin     

Herbicide resistance of tobacco chloroplasts expressing the bar gene

The chloroplast transformation system has the potential advantages of maternal inheritance and high-level expression of heterologous genes. We studied the expression of the bar gene in tobacco chloroplasts to test these ideas. The bar gene conferring tolerance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). It was introduced into the chloroplast genome at a targeted site by homologous recombination. Transplastomic plantlets were selected in medium supplemented with PPT (up to 50 mg l(-1)). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis confirmed that bar had been inserted at the specified site in the chloroplast genome. The transplastomic plants transferred to a greenhouse proved to be resistant to 2% PPT. Reciprocal crosses between wild type and transplastomic plants confirmed maternal inheritance of the PPT resistance and high levels of PAT activity in the transplastomic plants were confirmed by assays of PAT and of ammonium evolution. The technology demonstrated here could perhaps be usefully transferred to other crop species.     

Optimization of biological and physical parameters for biolistic genetic transformation of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a particle inflow gun

The parameters for delivery of expression cassettes to cells of wheat morphogenic callus induced from immature embryos were optimized. Three systems (gradation, delayed, and regeneration) for in vitro selection of transgenic wheat tissue using the bar gene, providing resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT), were compared. The efficiency of gene delivery to the cells competent for plant regeneration was assessed by comparing the number of spots transiently expressing uidA gene (encoding beta-glucuronidase) per unit surface of the morphogenic calluses treated under various conditions. The selection systems in question were evaluated by comparing the transformation efficiency frequencies. The optimal parameters for wheat biolistic transformation using a particle inflow gun were determined, namely, the distance between the particle source and the target tissue (12 cm) and helium pressure during the shot (6 atm). The optimal time of callus tissue development on the medium inducing callus formation was determined (10-14 days). Comparison of the three selection variants demonstrated that the regeneration system was the most efficient for producing true transgenic plants of common wheat.     

水稻Act1启动子融合的bar基因在转基因燕麦T_3代中的表达

以微弹轰击法转化获得的含bar基因燕麦T3代为材料 ,运用Northernblot方法研究了bar基因在燕麦的不同生育阶段、不同叶位、以及Challenge(0 .2 0 % )处理后不同时间的叶片中mRNA水平的变化。结果表明 ,外源bar基因在燕麦的不同生育阶段、不同叶位、以及除草剂处理后转录水平没有明显差异。由于除草剂喷涂后 ,植株体内氨含量的变化能够反映bar基因编码的PAT酶活性的变化 ,因而测定了Challenge处理后不同时间、不同部位的叶片中氨含量的变化情况。结果发现 ,含bar基因的燕麦植株体内氨含量在除草剂处理后不同时间和不同部位都没有显著的变化 ,而对照植株体内氨的含量在除草剂处理后能迅速上升。这表明 ,含bar基因的燕麦植株体内由于PAT酶的稳定表达 ,而使氨的含量维持在较低水平。从转录和翻译两个层次上反映了水稻Act1启动子融合的bar基因在转基因燕麦T3 中能够稳定表达 ,且表达水平不受叶位和除草剂的影响