秋水仙素诱导的野生大豆根类细胞超微结构变化

萌发了4d的野生大豆种子经秋水仙素处理3d以后,根尖分生区细胞的超微结构发生了一些显著变化：许多质体环绕细胞核分布,这些质体中含有数量不等的淀粉粒;液泡的体积明显增大,有几个大液泡分布在细胞核周围;少数细胞中形成网状粗面内质网聚集体;细胞核所占细胞体积的比例减小,有的细胞核形状变得极不规则。从超微结构分析,这些细胞已具备了分化细胞的特征,而不再处于有丝分裂之中。     

香榧营养苗端细胞组织分区的超微结构观察

本文研究了榧树(Torreya grandis)成熟植株在季节生长中营养苗端的超微结构变化。各区域细胞的主要区别特征为:顶端原始细胞与亚顶端细胞相接的细胞壁较厚,液泡多分布于细胞游离面,质体中淀粉粒较小;亚顶端细胞壁较厚,液泡较大,质体中淀粉粒较大而多;周缘区细胞质体多不具淀粉粒,液泡也较小,胞间连丝丰富;肋状区细胞被大量的含淀粉质体及液泡占据了大部分空间,胞间连丝丰富。在季节变化的四个时期中,各区域细胞的亚显微结构特征亦不相同。休眠期各区细胞淀粉质体较发达,细胞壁较厚,液泡大;叶扩展期淀粉质体减少或消失;芽鳞形成期出现大量小液泡;新的顶芽形成期液泡增加,核糖体含量较高。讨论了各区域细胞核形态与其细胞活跃性的关系。     

薄荷盾状腺毛分泌过程的超微结构研究

电镜观察表明,刚形成的薄荷盾状腺毛的头部细胞,细胞核较大,细胞质浓,其中具一些小液泡,质体和线粒体丰富。分泌前期,质体和线粒体数量增加,体积扩大,质体内出现黑色嗜锇物质。以后,嗜锇物质从质体转移到细胞质中,通过小兴泡加工形成的灰色小滴形式进入液泡内,并在液泡内积累直至充满整个液泡。     

低温胁迫下水稻幼叶细胞内Ca^2^＋水平的变化

用焦锑酸钙沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,研究了低温胁迫下水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）幼苗细胞内Ｃａ２＋ 定位分布的变化。水稻幼苗在适宜温度下生长时,显示Ｃａ２＋ 定位分布的焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡及细胞间隙中,此外,质体和线粒体以及细胞质和细胞核中也有一些Ｃａ２＋ 沉淀分布。说明在正常情况下,细胞质和细胞核中的游离Ｃａ２＋ 水平是较低的;液泡是植物细胞的主要Ｃａ２＋ 库;细胞外的细胞间隙中有大量的Ｃａ２＋ 存在。当水稻幼苗经２４ 小时１℃低温处理后,在质膜内侧几乎形成一圈整齐排列的Ｃａ２＋ 沉淀颗粒,同时,细胞质和细胞核中的Ｃａ２＋ 水平增加;当１℃低温持续到４８ 小时,不仅在细胞质和细胞核中出现大量的Ｃａ２＋ 分布,同时在液泡膜和质体被膜上产生大量的Ｃａ２＋ 沉淀。而此时的细胞超微结构尚保持较正常的状态,看不出明显的改变。作者认为,低温胁迫中细胞质和细胞核内Ｃａ２＋ 水平的提高可能与尔后的许多生理生化过程的改变有联系     

水稻胚囊卵器细胞发育期间超微结构变化的观察

通过透射电镜对水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）胚囊卵器发育过程中超微结构的变化进行观察,结果表明：卵器刚形成时,３个细胞均有完整的细胞壁,壁上分布着许多胞间连丝,不久各细胞合点极壁出现突起解体。随着卵器细胞进一步发育,合点极壁不断解体。到胚囊成熟时,卵细胞的合点极壁消失,仅留下一层质膜;助细胞由于出现退化,侧边近合点端壁出现断裂破碎解体。此时,３个细胞只在弯钩壁上观察到胞间连丝。卵器细胞不同发育阶段各种细胞器的变化很明显,其中最为明显的是质体和液泡。卵细胞在整个发育过程中大部分的质体都含有淀粉粒,而助细胞的质体在２个极核移向卵器上方时,质体内淀粉粒已消失,直至胚囊成熟也未重新出现;卵细胞液泡的出现时间、大小和位置与助细胞的有所不同,卵细胞液泡出现较迟,但到发育后期,液泡体积却明显比助细胞的大,液泡除了主要位于合点极外,珠孔极也有些液泡,而助细胞的则主要位于合点极。助细胞中脂滴的出现存在一个高峰期,即发生在胚囊近成熟时。助细胞核在发育早期呈椭圆形,位于近中部偏珠孔端,在发育中后期呈不规则形,位于近珠孔端壁旁边。水稻卵器发育过程中各细胞的超微结构变化充分反映其代谢规律。     

在分化条件下甜菊愈伤组织分生区细胞超微结构研究

对甜菊（Ｓｔｅｖｉａｒｅｂａｕｄｉａｎａ）愈伤组织中尚未发生器官分化的分生细胞团进行了超微结构研究．结果表明,在器官分化条件下,愈伤组织中形成的分生区域的细胞体积小,细胞核大,核仁明显,且具核仁泡,部分细胞核中含有核内含物．大量小液泡分布在细胞的边周或散布于整个细胞中．液泡中通常含有陷入的细胞质成分和膜状物．部分液泡的形成与内质网膨大有密切关系．同时也观察到由内质网形成的多圈膜和双层膜包围细胞质成分的同心环结构．高尔基体及其小泡丰富,有时聚集分布在细胞某一区域．核糖体密集,有的聚集成多聚核糖体．因此,愈伤组织中分生区的细胞与分生组织中的液泡化和分裂的细胞类似．分生区细胞的另一明显特征是出现质膜内陷．推测这些超微结构特征可能反映了甜菊愈伤组织器官分化前的某些形态变化。     

石刁柏非胚性细胞与体细胞胚胚体细胞的超微结构研究

对石刁柏（Ａｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓ）体细胞胚发生过程中细胞的超微结构进行了观察,非胚性细胞内液泡大,大量的自体吞噬泡出现,胚性细胞内细胞核大,核移中,核仁结构明显,线粒体、质体、核糖体、高尔基体、内质网等细胞器增多,淀粉、脂滴积累,有较活跃的自体吞噬现象,梨形细胞内质体向叶绿体转变。     

小麦根尖细胞分化过程中超微结构变化的研究

本文研究了小麦根尖分生区、伸长区和成熟区中细胞的超微结构变化。发现细胞核从分生区到成熟区,其大小、形态及其内核仁和异染色质结构均发生一些有规律的变化;内质网、液泡、线粒体、质体、细胞壁和胞间隙也存在着一系列有规律的变化;并讨论了这些动态变化与根尖细胞分化的内在联系。     

四季海棠成熟胚珠的组织化学及超微结构的初步研究

应用四季海棠的胚珠,进行石蜡切片,做PAS反应、苯胺兰黑染色等组织化学染色;又做超薄切片,进行超微结构观察。PAS反应:胚囊内染色深,珠被浅,各处均有红色淀粉粒。苯胺兰黑染色;显示胚囊内蛋白质丰富,卵核质兰色,核仁深兰,反足细胞更深。在超微结构中:珠被细胞中见到细胞核、线粒体、质体、内质网、同心圆潴泡、液泡等,近珠孔处珠被细胞内线粒体较多。珠心细胞内可见微管及其它细胞器。胚囊内助细胞可见丝状器。见到卵核、极核、线粒体、内质网、液泡、质体(其中未见淀粉粒)等。     

甜菊组织培养物中叶绿体的超微结构与脱分代

含有叶绿体的甜菊（Ｓｔｅｖｉａｒｅｂａｕｄｉａｎａ）愈伤组织细胞转移至新鲜培养基后,导致光合片层的逐渐减少或消失,最后叶绿体脱分化形成原质体样的结构。超微结构观察表明,光合片层的减少或消失与降解及叶绿体分裂特别是不均等缢缩分裂而致基质组分和类囊体膜稀释有关。这一过程并不完全同步,一些质体含有少量正常的片展而另一些质体含有退化的片层甚至片展结构完全消失。细胞的一个明显特点是细胞器大多聚集在细胞核附近,细胞质增加并向细胞中央伸出细胞质丝。同时可观察到原质体。培养７ｄ后,许多细胞呈分生状态,细胞质富含细胞器,充满了细胞的大部分空间。此时细胞中的质体大多呈原质体状态。在细胞生长的稳定期,质体内膜组织成基质基粒片层,同时质体核糖体增加。文中讨论了高度液泡化细胞脱分化与细胞中叶绿体脱分化的关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.