人类X染色体与Y染色体是否为同源染色体

对同源染色体的概念及人类X染色体与Y染色体的来源、形态结构、功能以及减数分裂中的行为等进行了讨论.X染色体与Y染色体虽然在形态、大小以及所含的基因等方面有差别,但从综合分析看,二者属于同源染色体,或者属于特殊的同源染色体.     

人工染色体

人工染色体丁志山,沃兴德（浙江中医学院分子医学研究所杭州３１０００９）基因是指ＤＮＡ分子上具有一定遗传学效应的特定核苷酸顺序,其载体是染色体。基因工程在初期只能操纵单个基因,而现在用同样的方法则可创建整个染色体——人工染色体,所谓的人工染色体即是人工...     

减数分裂中染色体不分离与染色体病

人类细胞减数分裂是精卵形成过程中的重要阶段。它包括染色体的一次复制 ,细胞的两次连续的分裂以及同源染色体配对、交换 ,同源染色体分离 ,姐妹染色单体分离等一系列复杂的过程。在细胞分裂进入中、后期时 ,如果其一对同源染色体或两姐妹染色单体未分别向两极移动 ,却同时进入一个子细胞中 ,结果细胞分裂所形成的两个子细胞中 ,一个将因染色体数目增多而形成超二倍体 ,一个则由于染色体数目减少而形成亚二倍体。这一过程称染色体不分离 (ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍａｌｎｏｎ -ｄｉｓｊｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ) ,从而引起配子中染色体数目异常 ,产生非整…     

染色体原位杂交技术

原位杂交技术是重复ＤＮＡ序列和多拷贝基因家族物理作图、低拷贝及单拷贝ＤＮＡ序列定位的常规方法,也是检测种间杂种染色体易位、重组的有效手段。可应用于分析染色体的结构和异源多倍体物种的进化,与染色体显带技术结合使用可精确而有铲地进行染色体图谱构建和细胞遗传学鉴定。     

多线染色体

介绍了多线染色体形态结构,生理功能及多线染色体在生物的细胞遗传,昆虫的系统分类,遗传防治、基因图的筑建,特别是在遗传工程研究应用中的进展。     

王百合单条染色体和染色体片段的分离

本研究利用显微操作器建立了简单、有效地分离王百合单条染色体和染色体片段并将其放人Ｅｐｐｅｎｄｏｒｆ管中的方法。与前人方法相比,主要改进之处在于：（１）制片简单。不需要对盖片硅化处理,压片在截片和盖片之间进行。（２）所需设备简单。不需要倒置显微嵕担恍枰胍牵⑾覆Ａд肟稍诰凭莆⒒鹕侠啤＃ǎ常┎僮骷虻ィ矢摺Ｔ诒瓯旧霞訊一滴无菌水即可将染色体挑出。在２ｈ之内,用微细玻璃针可挑出６～１０条王百合染色体     

植物减数分裂染色体配对与染色体组分析的研究进展

简要介绍了植物减数分裂染色体配对研究.综述了减数分裂染色体配对研究在鉴定异源易位系、确定多倍体物种类型、分析物种间亲缘关系和物种的染色体组来源及探讨杂种不育的细胞遗传学机制等诸多方面的应用进展.分析了影响染色体配对的主要因素,如配对控制体系、遗传背景和外界环境条件等,并展望了染色体配对研究与其他技术结合在染色体组分析中的应用前景.     

植物减数分裂染色体配对与染色体组分析的研究进展

简要介绍了植物减数分裂染色体配对研究。综述了减数分裂染色体配对研究在鉴定异源易位系、确定多倍体物种类型、分析物种间亲缘关系和物种的染色体组来源及探讨杂种不育的细胞遗传学机制等诸多方面的应用进展。分析了影响染色体配对的主要因素, 如配对控制体系、遗传背景和外界环境条件等,并展望了染色体配对研究与其他技术结合在染色体组分析中的应用前景。     

穗花杉染色体的研究

穗花杉为国家三级重点保护的珍稀濒危植物,雌雄异株。根尖细胞染色体分析表明：雌株和雄株的染色体数目为２ｎ＝４０,其中第１对和第２对为中部着丝粒染色体,第３－２０对为端部着丝粒染色体。核型为２ｎ＝４０＝４ｍ＋３６Ｔ。雌雄株除第２对的长度稍有差异外,其余各对的相对长度和臂比都较近似,可能尚无性染色体分化。Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带显示,间期核有３个较大的染色中心,最长的３条染色体的中央缢痕有深染色带纹,可能是着     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.