氧化铁鞘细菌铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及其酶学特性的研究

对氧化铁鞘细菌FC990 1菌株的铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及酶学特性进行了研究。菌株最适产酶培养基为 (g/L) :柠檬酸铁胺 10g ,NaNO3 1.2g,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,K2 HPO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,CaCl2 0 .0 15g ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .0 0 0 5g。最适产酶条件为 :温度 30℃ ,起始pH7.0 ,接种量 2 % ,15 0mL三角瓶装 5 0mL ,15 0r/min振荡培养 72h。铁氧化酶最适pH为7.5 ,最适温度为 30℃。金属离子Ca2 、Mg2 、Zn2 对酶有激活和稳定作用 ;Cu2 、Hg2 、Al3 则抑制酶的活性 ;Fe2 、K 、Na 对酶活性影响不明显。     

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的纯化及其性质研究

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的适合培养基 (g/L) :含麦草粉 4 0 ,(NH4) 2 SO44.5 ,KH2 PO41.0 ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5 ,NaCl 0 .3,Tween80 3.0 ,CaCO3 1.0。培养物中该酶经过离子交换和分子筛层析两步处理 ,粗酶被浓缩了 31倍 ,比活力达 4 6 7,收率为 5 0 %。该酶的最适 pH值为 4 .5 ,最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,可被K+ ,Ca2 + ,Mg2 + 离子激活 ,而被Ag+ ,Fe3 + 和Cu2 + 离子纯化 ,其Km值为 4 .8× 10 -2 g/L。     

黑色葡萄状穗霉S607耐碱性纤维素酶发酵条件的研究

研究了耐碱性纤维素酶生产菌株黑色葡萄状穗霉S6 0 7(StachybotrysatraS6 0 7)的产酶条件。结果表明 ,S6 0 7的最适生长和产酶 pH为 7.0 ,最适产酶温度为 2 8℃ ,摇床最适转速为 180r/min。在以 2 .0 %纤维素粉和 2 .5 %的麸皮作为碳源时产酶最高 ,添加含 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 、尿素和蛋白胨的复合氮源对生长和产酶有明显的促进作用。在最适培养条件下 ,发酵周期为 4～ 5d ,发酵液中CMC酶活为 2 .12IU /mL ,FP酶活为 1.0 3IU /mL ,β 葡萄糖苷酶活为 0 .86IU /mL。     

产有机相催化酯合成活性的脂肪酶菌株的筛选

通过添加10g/L的甲苯作为唯一碳源进行预培养,然后以透明圈平板筛选法从土壤样品中成功地筛选到了一株耐有机溶剂的产脂肪酶的酵母菌A213,初步鉴定为耶罗威亚酵母(Yarrowia sp．)。摇瓶实验表明,A213适宜的产酶培养基为(g/L):酵母膏40g,橄榄油10g,MgSO~4·7H~2O 1g,KH_2PO_45g,最佳培养条件为27℃、初始pH 6．5。脂肪酶活力最高可达67．8 IU/mL;该酶最适作用温度为40℃,最适作用pH为6．5,在70℃以下, pH 5．5～8．5范围内稳定,能直接在叔戊醇溶剂中催化合成L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯。     

聚丙烯腈纤维固定化青霉素酰化酶合成头孢氨苄的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键结合到聚丙烯腈纤维的衍生物上。制成的丝状固定化青霉素酰化酶表现活力达 1 5 3U g(湿重 )。固定化酶合成头孢氨苄的最适pH为 6 5 ,最适温度为 40℃。 7 ADCA的投料浓度以 4%为好 ,7 ADCA与PGME的投料量比率为1∶2 ,最佳用酶量为 1 70U g 7 ADCA。在pH6 5、温度 3 0℃时 ,固定化酶对 7 ADCA的表观米氏常数K7 ADCA为 0 1 6 2mol L ,对PGME的表观米氏常数KPGME为 0 3 6 4mol L ,最大反应速度Vmax为0 0 4 6 2mol·L- 1·min- 1,用固定化酶合成头孢氨苄 ,使用 5 0次保留酶活力 83 9%     

煤附生真菌产漆酶菌株的分离鉴定及产酶特性研究

从煤炭样品中筛选到一株产漆酶活性菌株,经菌体形态观察和ITS序列分析,鉴定为Trichoderma asperellum W03。菌株所产漆酶的最适反应pH为3.5-4.5,最适反应温度45℃,类似于白腐真菌漆酶。液态发酵条件的均匀设计实验表明,适宜的发酵培养基组成为:土豆200.00g/L、葡萄糖9.36g/L、米糠粉37.44g/L、硝酸钾4.00g/L、KH2PO43.20g/L、MgSO4·7H2O2.00g/L、CuSO4·5H2O0.005g/L、初始pH8.0;在33℃、180r/min、50mL/250mL的摇瓶培养条件下,棘孢木霉W03在孢子接种培养后48h、84h产酶量较高,分别处在菌体的快速生长期和衰亡期;菌体产酶受Cu2+、联苯胺诱导,而受1-萘酚、愈创木酚和2,4-D抑制。     

Amphibacillus xylanus谷氨酸脱氢酶基因工程菌培养条件优化

首先构建了5株表达NADH依赖型谷氨酸脱氢酶的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,获得来源于Amphibacillus xylanus的谷氨酸脱氢酶AxyGDH。其最适温度为60℃、最适p H为8.0,该条件下比酶活达到(903.1±24.6)U/mg,酶活半衰期为167h。其次,确定了表达AxyGDH的大肠杆菌基因工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-AxyGDH的产酶条件:诱导剂IPTG浓度为0.7mmol/L、诱导温度为25℃;优化后的培养基组成为:甘油11.3g/L,酵母粉16.3g/L,Mg SO_4·7H_2O 0.62g/L,NaCl 0.5g/L,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 17.1g/L,KH_2PO_43g/L,NH_4Cl 1.5g/L。最后,在10L发酵罐中控制比生长速率为0.2h~(-1)进行补料分批发酵,所得AxyGDH的发酵酶活为(9 066±45)U/ml,是LB摇瓶发酵酶活的51.1倍,为谷氨酸脱氢酶的低成本生产奠定了基础。     

金属螯合载体定向固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以磁性金属螯合琼脂糖微球为载体,利用金属螯合配体（IDACu²⁺）与蛋白质表面供电子氨基酸相互作用的原理,定向固定了木瓜蛋白酶。固定化最适条件为Cu²⁺1.5×10^-2mol/g载体、固定化时间4h、固定化pH7.0、给酶量30mg/g载体。固定化酶的最适反应温度70℃、最适反应pH8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性明显高于溶液酶,固定化酶活力回收为68.4％,且有较好的操作稳定性,载体重复使用5次后固定化酶酶活为首次固定化酶79.71%。     

产脂肪酶菌株C7828-5的筛选、鉴定以及产酶条件的优化

以花生油为唯一碳源,从海口市各地被油脂污染土样中分离筛选出1株中温碱性脂肪酶菌株C7828-5。形态学、生理生化特征和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。该菌所产脂肪酶的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为8.0。优化了菌株的产酶条件,最适产酶培养基(g/L)为:蔗糖5、牛肉膏20、(NH_4)_2SO_41、MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5、CaCl_20.5,聚乙烯醇花生油乳化液120 mL,发酵72 h,获得高达8.08 U/mL的脂肪酶表达量。     

链霉菌Str s-2产木聚糖酶的条件及部分性质研究

通过碳氮源对链霉菌Str s-2产胞外木聚糖酶活性的影响,得出其适宜培养基为(g/L)：含半纤维素20,(NH4)2SO4 4．0,KH2PO4 1．0,MgSO4-7H2O 0．5,NaCl 0．3,CaCO3 1．0。用DNS法研究了该酶的性质结果表明其最适pH值为6．5,最适反应温度为55℃;Na^ 、K^ 、Ca^2 、Mg^2 等离子对酶有激活作用,而Zn^2 、Ag^ 、Fe^3 和Cu^2 离子则抑制酶的活性。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418