山西蒲县薛关细石器

本文记述了采自山西蒲县薛关的一批细石器。这批石器属于以楔状石核为特征的典型细石器技术传统。它的发现,对探索旧石器时代晚期人类在吕梁山一带劳动、生息状况,对进一步探讨我国华北地区各细石器文化之间的相互关系,都有一定的意义。     

河北阳原油房细石器发掘报告

油房地点出土的石制品属于典型的细石器,文化遗物埋藏地晚更新统黄土层中。其时代应属旧石器时代晚期偏晚阶段,但可能早于虎头梁文化。它的发现与研究对阳原盆地及其周围地区旧石器文化序列的建立和华北地区细石器技术传统的探讨都具有一定的意义。     

泥河湾盆地梅沟和苇地坡旧石器时代晚期地点

通过对河北省阳原县泥河湾盆地梅沟和苇地坡两个旧石器时代晚期地点的试掘,发现细石器和小石器文化层共存于同一剖面,从而为研究该盆地和华北地区细石器传统与小石器传统的关系提供了新的线索。文化遗存埋藏于桑干河二级阶地中下部、底砾层之上,出土的石制品工艺和时代特征鲜明,与西白马营地点风格一致,属于小石器文化传统,时代处于晚更新世末期。     

新疆塔里木盆地南缘新发现的石器

1987年夏在塔里木南缘发现了打制石器、细石器地点各三处。打制石器虽然采自地面,数量也少,但有可能归人旧石器时代。细石器由楔状、柱状细石核和两边平直的截短细石叶组成,国华北、东北亚和西北美细石器传统,其时代属新石器时代。     

山西析城山圣王坪旧石器遗址调查简报

本文是对山西省晋城市阳城县圣王坪遗址2020年调查发现的石制品研究。调查共获得石制品1717件;其中,地表采集11件,含细石器技术制品;清理地层剖面获得1706件,属旧石器文化遗存。剖面分4个层位,第3层和第4层是文化层的主体,也是本文研究的对象和结论来源。石制品以小型和微型为主,原料以燧石为主。砸击技术占重要地位,尤其是第3层石核剥片的主要技术;该技术多应用于隐晶质的燧石和脉石英原料,具有相对较高的剥片程度,更适用于小型毛坯的开发与利用。石器组合以刮削器为主要类型,但第3层比第4层多了楔形析器和齿状器两种类型。石器修理锤击法,修理程度有限,缺乏再修理过程。遗址属于小型石片石器传统,第4层中部木炭样品的测年数据校正后为45590±510 BP cal,说明是晋南地区目前最早的旧石器时代晚期遗址。     

李家沟遗址的石器工业

本文介绍河南新密李家沟遗址发现的石制品, 并进行简要讨论。该遗址包含了从旧石器时代晚期一直到新石器时代多个文化阶段的遗存。石器工业在不同文化阶段表现出不同的特点。除了旧石器晚期较早阶段的石片石器组合和旧石器时代晚期之末的细石器组合之外, 还在新石器早期文化乃至裴李岗文化阶段的文化遗存中发现数量较多的打制石器。其中最值得关注的是与典型细石器共存的磨刃石锛与陶片。通过对石制品的初步观察可知, 打制石器并不只存在于旧石器时代, 而是延续到新石器早期甚至可能裴李岗文化时期, 打制石器仍然在继续使用。这种情况说明, 李家沟以及中原地区旧、新石器时代的石器工具的变化过渡是一种逐渐变化的过程。     

织机洞旧石器时代遗址发掘报告

织机洞旧石器时代洞穴遗址,从1990年至1995年,先后进行了三次发掘,面积近100平方米,地层堆积厚达20多米,划分为23层,其中第21层为新石器时代文化堆积,第18层向下含有古脊椎动物化石和旧石器时代制品。发掘出土石制品6546件和大量古脊椎动物化石。通过对部分古脊椎动物化石和遗物的分析,它是一处以旧石器遗存为主,兼有全新世遗存的洞穴遗址;经对石制品初步研究,它具有中国北方以小石制品为主的旧石器时代传统文化的主要特点。     

泥河湾盆地二道梁旧石器时代晚期遗址发掘简报

泥河湾盆地拥有较为丰富的旧石器时代晚期遗存,其中多处遗存包含楔形石核、锥形石核技术,其文化内涵在细石器研究领域具有重要意义。2002年7月,考古队员在盆地东部岑家湾台地北缘发现了二道梁遗址,随即进行发掘,揭露面积31m~2,出土包含石制品、动物化石及骨制品等文化遗物2000余件。遗址埋藏于桑干河右岸第三级基座阶地上部,上覆黄土状堆积,文化层厚约0.2m,属水动力较弱的河流堆积。石制品原料多为采自附近阶地的砾石层或桑干河及洞沟河漫滩上的燧石;打片技术分为直接和间接两种,石核和石片全部使用锤击法,间接打片技术主要表现在船形石核的制备和细石叶的剥取上;石器类型包括雕刻器、刮削器及琢背刀。石器组合特征显示该遗址文化面貌属于典型的细石器工业。骨化石~(14)C测年结果为18085±235 BP,属旧石器时代晚期的较晚阶段。二道梁遗址是泥河湾盆地中首次发现的以船形石核作为主要技术类型、且以此为代表的细石器工业遗存,对研究泥河湾盆地乃至中国北方细石器工业不同技术类型、及所蕴含的人类扩散与技术交流等学术问题具有重要意义。     

中国细石器的特征和它的传统、起源与分布

远古人类使用的打制石器,一般地说,在发展过程中是从大变小的;特别是从旧石器时代晚期起,在世界范围内广泛地出现了被称为“细石器”的细小石器。细石器在亚洲、非洲、欧洲、北美洲和澳大利亚的许多地方都发现过。在欧洲发现的以“阿齐尔-塔德努瓦文化期(Azilian-Tardenoisian)为代表,石器的特征主要是器型为几何形——斜方形、不等边三角形和新月形等。当时的考古学家相信,这一文化盛行于旧石器时代结束和新石器时代开始阶段,从而把这一文化时代称为“中石器时代”。     

青藏高原冬给措纳湖畔新发现的细石器及其同周边地区的技术关系

青海玛多冬给措纳湖畔新发现的海拔超过4000 m的全新世中期细石器对于我们认识青藏高原细石器乃至中国全新世的细石器的技术特点与分布格局提供了新的材料,其典型器物组合包括楔形细石核、柱形细石核、端刮器和锯齿刃器等。青藏高原全新世早中期的细石器组合中楔形细石核-柱形细石核-锥形细石核的技术传统是相对稳定的,但缺乏典型船形细石核和小型两面器等华北地区旧石器晚期细石器组合中常见的重要石器类型。通过进一步比对显示,青藏高原全新世早中期细石器的直接来源可能并非直承华北旧石器晚期的细石器传统,而与青藏高原邻近地区(我国西北地区、西南西区)全新世早中期的细石器工业具有更为密切的联系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.