淹水胁迫下北美鹅掌楸无性系生理生化响应差异

北美鹅掌楸(Liriodendron tulipifera)是优良用材和绿化树种,但极不耐涝,阻碍了其广泛应用。本研究以前期试验筛选出的3个耐淹无性系(T4、T27和T37)和3个不耐淹无性系(S5、S9和S20)为实验材料,开展温室盆栽模拟淹水胁迫实验,通过比较丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(EL)、叶绿素含量,以及酶活性等生理生化指标的差异,探索不同无性系对淹水胁迫的响应和抗性差异。结果显示:北美鹅掌楸对淹水胁迫反应敏感,淹水4d时,耐淹无性系和敏感无性系均呈现下部老叶黄花,上部嫩叶、顶芽萎蔫现象,叶绿素含量减少,MDA、EL显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性极显著增加。淹水6 d后,敏感无性系受到的胁迫伤害进一步加剧,叶片萎蔫脱落,MDA、EL持续增加,叶绿素含量极显著降低,SOD和POD总体呈下降趋势;而耐淹无性系顶芽缓慢恢复,在叶片脱落后幼叶展开,叶绿素含量下降幅度较小,MDA和EL缓慢下降,SOD和POD持续升高,淹水20 d左右近水面的茎端形成不定根和大量膨大皮孔。研究表明:耐淹型北美鹅掌楸可通过形成不定根和肥大的皮孔、保持较高的抗氧化酶活性等方式增强其抗涝能力;EL、叶绿素含量、SOD活性可作为北美鹅掌楸耐淹无性系中期选育指标。     

淹涝胁迫对鹅掌楸属植物叶片部分生理指标的影响

研究了淹涝胁迫对不同种源鹅掌楸[Liriodendron chinense（Hemsl．）Sarg．]和杂种鹅掌楸（L．chinense xL．tulipifera）幼苗部分生理指标的影响。结果表明：在淹水处理24h后,杂种鹅掌楸幼苗叶片的净光合速率变化不明显,鹅掌楸幼苗叶片的净光合速率则有一定程度的下降;在淹水处理48h后,净光合速率均大幅度下降。在淹涝胁迫下及胁迫解除后,幼苗叶片叶绿素含量持续缓慢下降;而脯氨酸含量总体上呈现上升的趋势;与鹅掌楸相比,杂种鹅掌楸幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化不明显,但SOD活性最高,POD活性最低。结果表明,杂种鹅掌楸具有较强的耐淹涝胁迫的能力。     

低磷胁迫对雷公藤幼苗叶片生理生化特性的影响

为研究雷公藤的耐磷胁迫性,对雷公藤（Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.）一年生和三年生同一无性系扦插苗采用土培的方法进行了控制条件下的低磷胁迫实验,以KH2PO4为磷源,土壤中P2O5浓度为0、5、10、15、20、25（CK）mg/kg,低磷胁迫3个月和6个月后取叶片测定其丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和酸性磷酸酶（APA）活性的变化。实验结果表明：低磷胁迫下一年生和三年生雷公藤叶片SOD、APA活性升高,MDA、Pro含量增加,并呈现随低磷胁迫加重和胁迫时间延长而上升趋势,低磷胁迫下各处理的一年生和三年生雷公藤叶片CAT、POD活性普遍低于对照,并随着低磷胁迫程度的加重而呈下降趋势。低磷胁迫下雷公藤幼苗叶片的几种保护酶活性、MDA、Pro含量以及APA活性响应都较为灵敏,保护酶系统在15、20 mg/kg处理下能够起到较好保护作用,表明雷公藤能通过自身生理调节来适应中度和轻度缺磷环境;综合各项生理指标,三年生雷公藤相对于一年生雷公藤显示了较强的抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,具有较强的耐低磷能力,对磷较为缺乏的林地下套种雷公藤的苗龄选择有参考价值。     

长江下游不同类型水稻分蘖期耐淹能力比较

在分蘖期对长江下游稻作区主栽的9个水稻品种进行大田模拟没顶淹涝处理,研究淹涝胁迫对水稻植株农艺性状、生理指标和产量性状的影响,比较分析了常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻对淹水胁迫环境适应性的差异.结果表明:淹水胁迫4d后,水稻株高及顶部全展3片叶长均比对照有不同程度的增加,伸长程度为杂交粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞常规粳稻.杂交粳稻的茎蘖数、绿叶数和地上部干质量损失率分别为18.0％、41.4％、13.2％,显著小于常规粳稻;杂交籼稻则介于杂交粳稻和常规粳稻之间,且整株死亡率显著低于常规粳稻.常规粳稻叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量比对照增加1.91 μmol·g-1 FM,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显降低;杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻MDA含量分别降低2.32和2.10 μmol·g-1 FM,SOD和CAT活性显著提高.不同类型品种的减产程度差异显著,常规粳稻的产量损失率达到38.5％,显著高于杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻,杂交粳稻产量损失率仅为4.1％.长江下游水稻分蘖期的耐淹涝能力为杂交粳稻强于杂交籼稻,常规粳稻的耐淹能力最低.     

淹水胁迫对铺地黍几种保护酶活性的影响

目的:探讨淹水胁迫对铺地黍几种保护酶活性的影响.方法:通过模拟试验,研究不同淹水时间对铺地黍体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果:在淹水胁迫前期,铺地黍体内SOD、CAT和PPO活性总体表现为升高的变化特征.之后,随着胁迫时间的延长,3种酶活性均逐渐降低,在淹水5w时,SOD、CAT和PPO活性分别为对照的38.7%、50.3%和178.2%.而在整个淹水期间POD活性则一直呈升高的趋势.结论:几种保护酶对淹水胁迫的响应能力有差异,其中SOD、CAT活性的变化可作为铺地黍对淹水反应的生理指标.     

Cd胁迫对黄菖蒲幼苗4种抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用水培法对Cd胁迫下黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus L．）幼苗叶片和根系中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性进行了研究。结果表明,10、40和120mg·L^-1Cd胁迫下,黄菖蒲幼苗叶片和根系中4种酶活性的变化不同。10和40mg·L^-1 cd胁迫下,黄菖蒲幼苗叶片和根系中的POD及APX活性、叶片中的SOD活性及根系中的CAT均明显高于对照;在120mg·L^-1 Cd胁迫下,叶片中的POD活性及根系中的POD和CAT活性均高于对照;各处理组根系中的SOD活性均低于对照。随处理时间的延长,40和120mg·L^-1Cd胁迫处理组叶片的CAT活性和120mg·L^-1Cd胁迫处理组根系的APX活性逐渐降低,其他处理组不同酶的活性逐渐升高或先升后降。黄菖蒲叶片及根系中的4种酶对Cd胁迫的响应能力有差异,其中POD可能是黄菖蒲耐Cd胁迫的主要抗性诱导酶。     

过表达ZmSKIP基因提高烟草抗低温胁迫的能力

以野生型和过表达ZmSKIP基因烟草为试材, 研究了低温胁迫下过表达ZmSKIP对烟草抗氧化能力的影响。测定了不同低温处理时间下过表达ZmSKIP转基因烟草T3代植株和野生型植株抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及相对电导率, 结果表明, 低温下, 相对于野生型植株, 转基因烟草具有较高的抗氧化酶活性和较低的相对电导率和MDA含量, 说明过表达ZmSKIP提高了转基因植株的耐低温胁迫能力。     

抗氧化系统参与循环干旱锻炼提高烟草植株抗旱性的形成

对漂浮育苗的烟草幼苗进行控水-半萎焉-复水-恢复的循环干旱锻炼。结果表明,这种干旱锻炼能显著提高烟草叶片抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽（GSH）、抗坏血酸（AsA）的含量、还原型抗氧化剂在总抗氧化剂中的比例和抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（GPX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）的含量。当烟草植株遭受后续的干旱胁迫时,与未锻炼的对照相比,干旱锻炼过的烟草植株能保持较高的GSH和AsA含量、还原型抗氧化剂在总抗氧化剂中的比例和抗氧化酶（SOD、APx、CAT、GPX和GR）活性,以及较低的MDA含量,表明这种循环干旱锻炼提高了细胞抗氧化能力,有助于缓解烟草植株由干旱引起的氧化胁迫及其所导致的伤害,最终提高其抗旱性。这些结果表明。抗氧化系统参与了循环干旱锻炼提高烟草植株抗旱性的形成过程。     

干旱胁迫对菜苔叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响

以3个不同耐旱性的菜苔（Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey）品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫对叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响及其与抗旱性的关系。干旱胁迫条件下,菜苔叶片的电解质外渗率和MDA含量呈上升趋势,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸含量和SOD活性呈下降趋势,CAT活性表现为先上升后下降。耐旱品种比不耐旱品种具有较高的叶绿素含量和抗坏血酸含量,具有较低的电解质外渗率和MDA含量;耐旱品种的SOD活性比不耐旱品种下降幅度小。轻度干旱胁迫下,耐旱品种的CAT活性上升幅度比不耐旱品种高;重度干旱胁迫下耐旱品种的CAT活性下降程度比不耐旱品种低。耐旱品种的POD活性在干旱条件下先上升而后降低,不耐品种的POD活性处于下降趋势。干旱6d后,耐旱品种的SOD、CAT和POD活性显著高于不耐旱品种。     

光质对烟草叶片生长发育过程中抗氧化系统的影响

以云烟87植株为材料,通过覆盖白、红、黄、蓝、紫色滤膜获得不同光质,于大田条件下研究了光质对烟草叶片生长发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等抗氧化酶活性,抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,在烟草植株第11片叶生长发育的7~70 d内,其抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势.与白光(对照)相比,黄光诱导烟草叶片SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性升高,以及AsA和GSH含量增加;而红光诱导APX和GR活性上升,以及GSH和AsA含量升高;但紫光却使SOD、CAT、POD、GR和GPX活性下降,GSH和AsA含量降低,而蓝光则使所有抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量降低.紫光和蓝光处理的烟草叶片中MDA含量较高,而黄光和红光处理的则较低.总体而言,在大田条件下,相对红光和黄光而言,蓝光和紫光处理下的烟草叶片更容易发生光氧化胁迫.     

The Effect of Salinity Pretreatment on Cd Accumulation and Cd-Induced Stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">BADH</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">-</Emphasis>Transgenic and Nontransgenic Rice Seedlings

The influence of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and salinity pretreatment on oxidative stress under cadmium (Cd) toxicity was investigated in rice cv. Xiushui 11 and its BADH-transgenic line Bxiushui 11. The results showed that plants previously treated with 4.25 and 8.5 mM NaCl, respectively, for 5 days each had higher Cd concentrations in both roots and shoots of the two rice genotypes compared with the controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both leaves and roots was increased by salinity pretreatment and was significantly lower in the salinity-pretreatment plants than in the controls when the plants were consequently exposed to Cd stress. Salinity pretreatment also increased proline content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in both leaves and roots. It can be assumed that salinity pretreatment enhances the defensive ability of plants against oxidative stress through increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes. The BADH-transgenic line (Bxiushui 11) had lower Cd and MDA content, higher SOD and POD activities, and higher proline content than its wild type (Xiushui 11). The current results suggest that betaine, a product of BADH expression, improves the tolerance of rice plants to Cd stress through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and osmoprotectant content.     

金钟藤和葛藤在干旱与复水条件下的生理比较

对外来入侵种金钟藤和本地种葛藤进行干旱胁迫和水分恢复处理,比较了两种植物抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。研究表明,干旱胁迫下两种植物SOD、CAT活性均高于复水后,金钟藤高于相同处理下的葛藤;金钟藤在干旱与复水条件下的MDA含量无差异,而葛藤干旱下高于复水后,不同处理下葛藤均高于金钟藤;干旱条件下金钟藤比葛藤有更强的抗氧化能力,膜脂过氧化水平明显较低,MDA与SOD、CAT呈明显的负相关。两种植物在复水后Fv/Fm、ETR与ΦPSⅡ值均显著高于干旱时,葛藤变化程度略大于金钟藤。复水后金钟藤的NPQ值增加而葛藤降低,且干旱时葛藤大于金钟藤,复水后金钟藤大于葛藤。综合比较,金钟藤比葛藤对干旱的生理适应能力强,这可能是其入侵性的重要特征。     

Comparative study on calli from two reed ecotypes under heat stress

The different physiological responses to heat stress in calli from two ecotypes of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) plants (dune reed (DR) and swamp reed (SR)) were studied. The relative water content, the relative growth rate, cell viability, membrane permeability (MP), H₂O₂ content, MDA content, proline level, and the activities of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and lipoxygenase (LOX) were assayed. Results showed that under heat stress, DR callus could maintain the higher relative growth rate and cell viability than SR callus, while H₂O₂ content, MDA content, and MP in SR callus increased more than in DR callus. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, POD, APX, and GR in two calli were enhanced by high temperature. However, antioxidant enzymes in DR callus showed the higher thermal stability than those in SR callus. LOX activity increased more in SR callus than in DR callus under heat stress. High temperature markedly elevated proline content in DR callus whereas had no effect on that in SR callus. Taken together, DR callus is more thermotolerant than SR callus, which might be due to the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline level compared with SR callus under heat stress.     

Effects of metalaxyl enantiomers stress on root activity and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities in tobacco seedlings

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of metalaxyl enantiomers on the activity of roots and antioxidative enzymes in tobacco seedlings. Water culture experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different concentrations of metalaxyl enantiomers (30 and 10 mg L^?1) on root activity and leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of tobacco seedlings. The results showed that metalaxyl significantly inhibited root activity and significantly improved leaf SOD, POD, and CAT activities and MDA content. A better physiological response in tobacco seedlings was observed at 30 mg L^?1 than at 10 mg L^?1 metalaxyl. The stereoselectivity for different enantiomers had no obvious effect on root activity and the leaf POD activity, but it affected significantly the SOD and CAT activities and MDA content. The SOD activity was promoted more by R‐enantiomer than by S‐enantiomer at 30 mg L^?1 metalaxyl, and the same effect was observed on CAT activity from the beginning to the end of the stress period. The MDA content under the stress by R‐enantiomer was higher than that under the stress by S‐enantiomer at 10 mg L^?1 metalaxyl.     

水淹对铺地黍部分生理指标的影响

研究了水淹对铺地黍幼苗的丙二醛、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,3种抗氧化保护酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性等生理指标的影响.结果显示:水淹胁迫下,铺地黍幼苗的丙二醛含量缓慢升高,可溶性糖含量先升高后下降,蛋白质含量逐渐下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则持续...     

Functional analysis of PsG6PDH, a cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Populus suaveolens, and its contribution to cold tolerance improvement in tobacco plants

A 1,697-bp cDNA sequence, designated as PsG6PDH, was amplified from Populus suaveolens. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that PsG6PDH encodes a cytosolic G6PDH isoform, with Southern blot analysis demonstrating that the gene is single or low copy in Populus. Transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing PsG6PDH exhibited enhanced cold tolerance. In both transgenic and wild-type (WT) tobacco plants, cold stress increased leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), and peroxide (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; relative to WT, however, transgenic lines had lower MDA content and EL and higher SOD and POD activities. In addition, PsG6PDH activated the expression of stress-related genes, including NtERD10b, NtERD10c, and NtSOD, in tobacco plants. Our results provide evidence regarding PsG6PDH regulatory function in plants during low temperature stress.     

干旱胁迫下牛心朴子幼苗相对含水量、质膜透性及保护酶活性变化

牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii)幼苗用不同浓度PEG-6000(聚乙二醇)模拟干旱处理,测定处理12d和复水24h中根、叶的RWC、质膜相对透性、MDA含量及几种保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性变化情况,结果表明：高浓度胁迫后期,RWC明显下降,MDA含量增大,致使膜脂过氧化引起膜损伤;低、中浓度胁迫下,RWC下降程度低,细胞膜脂过氧化及膜透性影响小,且可能对膜脂过氧化起到一定的防御作用。复水后,低、中度胁迫下,各项指标能迅速恢复到CK水平,而高浓度胁迫下,除叶质膜透性、MDA含量、SOD活性不能恢复外,根、叶的其余指标均能达到CK水平。保护酶系统的作用,在一段时间内,可能是通过它们之间的相互协调而保持一个稳定的平衡态进行的。     

The effect of zinc stress combined with high irradiance stress on membrane damage and antioxidative response in bean seedlings

Zinc (Zn) is a necessary element for plants, but excess Zn can be detrimental. The effect of Zn and high irradiance (HI) stress on the growth, lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability (EC), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidants like proline accumulation and ascorbic acid (AsA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POX; polyphenol oxidase, PPO) of bean leaves were investigated under controlled growth conditions. The root length was not reduced at excess Zn level. Application of Zn significantly increased Zn concentration in the leaves of bean plants. Under Zn and HI stress, the Zn-deficient and Zn-excess conditions significantly increased the EC, MDA and H₂O₂ content of excised leaves of bean. The SOD activity was found to be increased significantly in both Zn-deficiency and Zn-excess leaves under Zn and HI stress. Under both Zn and HI stress conditions, the antioxidant enzyme activities; POX, PPO and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, AsA and proline accumulation were found to be significantly increased in the Zn-excess leaves which showed that the bean plant had the ability to tolerate the excess level of Zn and HI stress. A significant increase in MDA, H₂O₂, and EC with a simultaneous decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities under Zn-deficiency compared to Zn-sufficient condition shows the inefficiency of the bean plant in response to Zn deficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of Zn stress combined with HI stress in bean plant.