安徽沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为了揭示沱湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2016年7月(夏季),对沱湖流域上游至下游11个采样点浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、生物量等进行调查研究。结果显示,沱湖共有浮游植物96种(含变种),隶属8门48属,其中绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)种类最多,绿藻门有23属39种,占总种数的40.63%,硅藻门有7属20种,占总种数的20.83%;其次为裸藻门(Euglenophyta),有5属17种,占总种数的17.71%,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta) 8属14种,占14.58%;甲藻门(Pyrrophyta) 2属2种,隐藻门(Cryptophyta) 1属2种,各占总种数的2.08%,黄藻门(Xanthophyta)与金藻门(Chrysophyta)均有1属1种,均占总种数的1.04%。绿藻和硅藻类物种在沱湖浮游植物群落结构中处于优势地位,沱湖夏季浮游植物种类组成表现为绿藻-硅藻型。沱湖夏季浮游植物细胞丰度与生物量从上游到下游呈逐渐增加趋势,细胞丰度与生物量平均值分别为4.022×106cells/L与3.046 mg/L,蓝藻门和绿藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物细胞丰度主体,硅藻门和裸藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物生物量的主体;上游浮游植物多样性指数与均匀度指数均略高于下游采样点,沱湖水质呈β中污型-无污染型,上游水质优于下游水质。浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的典型对应分析(CCA)结果表明,电导率、透明度、水深及pH值等环境因子与沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构有较强的相关性。     

淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群的季节演替及其驱动因子

在淮南矿区设置潘谢潘集站(PXPJ)、潘谢顾桥站(PXGQ)和潘谢谢桥站(PXXQ)等3个塌陷湖泊站点,分别代表3种典型矿区湖泊水文生态条件,于2013—2014年分4个季度采样并分析了3个湖泊浮游植物功能群组成、季节演替规律及其与环境和生物因子的关系。结果显示,3个湖泊的浮游植物种类可归入16个功能群,其主要优势功能群反映了小型富营养化湖泊水体的生境特征。PXPJ春季S1、X2和Y为主要优势功能群,分别以伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)、具尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas caudata Geitler)和卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata Ehr.)为代表种属,随后3个季节C为第1优势功能群,以链形小环藻(Cyclotella catenata)为代表物种。PXGQ春夏秋3个季节中均以伪鱼腥藻为代表的S1功能群占绝对优势地位,冬季向C(以链形小环藻为代表)和D(以尖针杆藻为代表)为主的功能群演替。PXXQ春季X2和Y为主要优势功能群,分别以具尾蓝隐藻和卵形隐藻为代表,夏秋季以伪鱼腥藻为代表的S1功能群占据优势地位,冬季向C(链形小环藻为代表)和E(长锥形锥囊藻为代表)功能群为主的群落结构演替。水温和光照条件是驱动淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群季节演替的关键环境因子,而营养盐和生物因素是导致3个湖泊功能群组成差异的重要原因。     

人工试验湖泊浮游藻类群落的生态学研究

为了对转基因(CAgcGH)鲤的生态风险评估提供参考资料, 于2002年构建人工试验湖泊。研究分析了该人工湖泊浮游藻类群落的结构特征、季节动态、年际变化及其与水体各环境因子的关系。2006年至2010年间, 每季度采样, 共鉴定出浮游藻类7门47属66种, 其中绿藻种类最多。双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)结果显示采样点数据可分为春夏秋冬4组, 说明该群落季节性明显。冬季群落结构简单, 多样性最低, 主要由小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)和分歧锥囊藻(Dinobryon divergens)组成; 春季, 小环藻、针杆藻(Synedra sp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)等几种硅藻占优势; 夏季群落结构复杂, 占优势的是银灰平裂藻(Merismopedia glauca)和螺旋鞘丝藻(Lyngbya contarta), 多样性最高; 秋季没有明显占优势的种类。5年间, 群落细胞密度上升了33.1%, 平均值为(1.430.75)106 cells/L; 硅藻在群落中所占比例从48.2%下降至16.2%, 而蓝藻从9.3%上升至42.2%。典范对应分析(CCA)的结果显示对浮游藻类影响最大的环境因子是温度和溶氧, 总氮浓度和总磷浓度的影响也是不可忽视的, 而pH在试验中对浮游藻类群落结构的影响有限。不同藻类在CCA排序图上有不同的分布格局, 一些硅藻主要分布在中低温采样点, 蓝藻集中分布在高温的采样点, 鼓藻主要出现在高透明度和高总磷浓度的采样点, 金藻主要分布在高溶氧浓度和低温的采样点。       

鹤地水库浮游植物群落的结构与动态

鹤地水库位于雷州半岛北部(21°42'～22°22'N,109°54'～110°25'E),是一座中营养化的大型水库.为了研究其浮游植物群落的结构与变化特点,在水库设置5个采样点,并于2003年2、7、9、12月对其采样.鹤地水库浮游植物生物量变化为O.156～2.548 mg L~(-1),主要由蓝藻和硅藻组成.5个采样点的浮游植物生物量具有明显的季节变化,且变化趋势相同,即丰水期的生物量高于枯水期,主要是由于丰水期水温较高以及入库河水带入的营养盐.5个采样点的浮游植物生物量从主要入库河流至大坝区呈下降趋势,与磷浓度的降低直接相关.浮游植物优势种主要以热带代表性种类为主,且有明显的季节变化,枯水期主要为硅藻的根管藻(Rhizosolenia sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)以及模糊直链藻(Melosira ambigua)等.丰水期为蓝藻的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)、湖泊假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)等,浮游植物优势种类的变化主要受磷浓度的影响.浮游植物前8个优势种的生物量占浮游植物群落生物量的850%～92%,显著低于温带地区浮游植物群落结构稳定的湖泊.     

松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落格局及其与环境因子的相关性

松花江是黑龙江在我国境内的最大支流,流经吉林、黑龙江两省。松花江哈尔滨段是哈尔滨市工农业生产与生活用水的重要水资源,近年来由于人类活动的频繁影响,水体质量有所下降。鉴于此,于2018年春、夏、秋三季(4月、8月和10月),在松花江哈尔滨段设置14个采样点,对电导率、总氮和总磷等理化指标进行测定,同时对其浮游植物群落结构及环境因子相关性进行研究。利用群落相似性分析(ANOSIM)探讨浮游植物群落时空分布差异;通过SIMPER分析筛选出影响群落时空格局的关键物种。基于优势种和10项理化指标的冗余分析(RDA)揭示了浮游植物群落生态分布特征并对关键影响因子进行识别。研究结果表明,调查期间共鉴定浮游植物136种,其中优势种15种,群落结构主要以硅藻门和绿藻门的物种构成。松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落结构与过去10余年间相比较为稳定。ANOSIM和SIMPER分析表明,季节变化和人为活动干扰对浮游植物群落时空格局具有一定驱动作用,蓝藻门物种的空间分布活动干扰影响明显。RDA分析表明,浮游植物分布特征与水环境时空异质性关系密切,驱动松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落时空分布的主要水环境因子为电导率、总磷、浊度和pH。     

海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构时空变化

浮游植物是湿地生态系统的重要组成成分,其数量及群落结构变化会对湿地生态系统的结构和功能产生重要影响。为了解海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构及时空动态变化特征,于2017年冬、2018年夏两季分别进行了调查。结果表明:海珠国家湿地公园共检到浮游植物171种,隶属7门64属,其中绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类分别占总种类的44%、26%和13%;广州平裂藻(Merismopedia cantonensis)和细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)在两季均为优势种,冬季啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)也较多;浮游植物群落结构、丰度与生物多样性指数具有明显季节变化,冬季硅藻和绿藻占优,分别占藻类总丰度的32%和29%;夏季蓝藻占绝对优势,占68%;夏季浮游植物平均丰度达(25.58±18.47)×10^6cells·L^-1,约为冬季的3倍;Shannon物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数冬季分别为4.38和0.77,夏季分别为2.92和0.51;从空间上看,海珠湖浮游植物种类、多样性指数均较低,而丰度较高;塘涌和西江涌硅藻丰度最大,其他位点均以蓝藻占优;水体总氮和温度是影响浮游植物群落结构变化的重要因素。本研究可为海珠国家湿地公园的管理和保护提供参考。     

Morphofunctional traits reflect differences in phytoplankton community between rivers of contrasting flow regime

A morphofunctional traits approach has been adopted to identify how environmental factors shape the phytoplankton community. This approach has been applied in two rivers where hydrodynamical conditions are expected to be the main factor acting on the phytoplankton community. Hence, morphological traits (motility, shape, size, mucilage, and silica) related to sedimentation resistance have been chosen. We have shown that differences in flow regulation through differences in flow velocities induce shifts in phytoplankton community. These shifts depend mostly on shape, buoyancy regulation, and motility of phytoplankton cells. Elongated shapes are the characteristic of unregulated sites with high flow velocities, while cells able to regulate actively their position or to reduce their density (mucilaginous colonies) are found in regulated sites with low flow velocities. Flattened shapes are also the characteristic of sites with rather low flow velocities. These results highlight the key role of flow velocity as a driving factor controlling the structure of phytoplankton community. In this study, flow velocity also structures phytoplankton community according to location rather than seasonality.     

Planktonic indices in the evaluation of the ecological status and the trophic state of the longest lake in Poland

Due to the intensive mixing polymictic lakes should be homogenous. However, morphometric diversity and high water dynamics contribute to the differentiation of many parameters in various areas of the lakes. This study analyzes both phytoplankton and zooplankton to assess differences in water quality along the north–south axis of the longest lake in Poland. New phytoplankton indicators were applied for determining the lake's ecological status: the Q index based on functional groups and the PMPL (Phytoplankton Metric for Polish Lakes) index based on phytoplankton biomass. TSI_ROT index (Rotifer Trophic State Index), which comprises the percentage of species indicating a high trophic state in the indicatory group and the percentage of bacteriovorus in the Rotifera population, was used for zooplankton analysis.TP content was different at different sites – we observed its gradual increase from the south to the north. Spatial variation of phosphorus did not considerably affect plankton diversity. The phytoplankton was dominated by Oscillatoriales, typical of shallow, well-mixed eutrophic lakes. The ecological status of the lake based on the EQR (Ecological Quality Ratio) was poor or moderate. The zooplankton was dominated by rotifers (at almost all sites), which indicates a eutrophic state of the lake. The values of phytoplankton indices at the studied sites did not differ considerably; the differences resulted more from local conditions such as the contaminant inflow and the macrophyte development than water dynamics.We have demonstrated that in the lake dominated by filamentous Cyanobacteria the ecological status should be determined according to the PMPL index or other indices dependent on the dominant Cyanobacteria species. Since the Q index does not include the functional group S1, the results can lead to the false conclusion that water quality improves with an increased amount of phytoplankton. The high abundance of Cyanobacteria in the lake may have contributed to the poor growth of rotifers.     

Community Structure of Tintinnid Ciliates of the Microzooplankton in the South West Pacific Ocean: Comparison of a High Primary Productivity with a Typical Oligotrophic Site

Transient ‘hot spots’ of phytoplankton productivity occur in the generally oligotrophic Southern Pacific Ocean and we hypothesized that the population structure of tintinnid ciliates, planktonic grazers, would differ from that of a typical oligotrophic sites. Samples were collected over a 1‐wk period at each of two sites between Fiji and Tahiti: one of elevated chlorophyll a concentrations and primary productivity with an abundance of N‐fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium, and a distant oligotrophic site. Tintinnid abundance differed between the sites by a factor of 2. A single species (Favella sp.), absent from the oligotrophic site, highly dominated the ‘hot spot’ site. However, total species richness was identical (71 spp.) as well as short‐term temporal variability (2–4 d). At both sites, species abundance distributions most closely fit a log‐series or log‐normal distribution and the abundance distributions of ecological types, forms of distinct lorica oral diameter, were the typical geometric. Morphological diversity was only slightly lower at the high productivity site. We found that communities of these plankton grazers in ‘hot spots’ of phytoplankton productivity in oligotrophic systems, although harboring different species, differ little from surrounding oligotrophic areas in community structure.     

2008年夏季南海北部浮游植物群落结构特征分析

根据2008年8月15日—2008年9月7日南海北部调查期间所获得的网采浮游植物资料,对该海域的4个断面共计13个站位的浮游植物群落结构特征进行了研究,包括种类组成、丰度、分布、多样性以及浮游植物群落结构与环境因子之间相关关系等基本状况。本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物4门53属169种(含变种和变型),主要以暖水性、广温性和广布性种为主,其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyceae)37属114种,占总种数的67.4%,甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)12属50种,占总种数的29.6%,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)2属3种及金藻门(Chrysophyta)2属2种等。浮游植物丰度平均值为18.06×104cells/m3,其中硅藻丰度平均值为55.72×106cells/m3,甲藻丰度平均值为0.81×106cells/m3。调查区域内的优势种包括铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii),洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus),柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima),红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)和菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)。藻类为聚类分析(UPMGA)将站点大致上分为4个生态区(珠江口生态区,吕宋海峡区,琼东上升流区和18°N断面区),结果表明,在地理位置上分布比较相近的站点具有较高的群落结构组成相似性。     

三峡库区甘井河水域牧场浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

为了解三峡库区的忠县甘井河段水域牧场生态渔业对水环境的影响, 于2013 年3、6、9 及12 月按季度对该河段4 个站点进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测, 并采用生物多样性指数法和综合营养状态指数法对水体营养状况进行了评价。结果表明, 该河段浮游植物有7 门93 个属种, 其中绿藻门的物种数最多, 有37 种, 占浮游植物群落总数的39.79%, 其次为硅藻门和蓝藻门, 物种数分别为26 种和13 种,分别占浮游植物群落总数的27.96%和13.98%;浮游植物的年均丰度为757.67104 ind./L, 变化范围(3.065743.99)104 ind./L, 年均生物量为4.40 mg/L, 变化范围0.0317.67 mg/L;水体的年平均透明度为1.18 m, 叶绿素a、总磷、总氮含量分别为8.54 g/L、0.13 mg/L、1.95 mg/L;浮游植物香农多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)年均值分别为2.90 和0.88, 全年综合营养状态指数值为37.5971.86, 由此推断, 甘井河水质属于中污染轻污染状态、中营养型富营养型。在鱼类生长旺季的6 月, 甘井河段养殖区内的水质优于非养殖区, 这可能与养殖区内放养滤食性鱼类有关, 证实了水域牧场没有带来水环境的污染, 反而能提高生物多样性, 在一定程度上改善了水体。       

邙山提灌站浮游植物群落结构空间变化对环境因子的响应

河南邙山提灌站作为黄河流域的重要水源地之一,已列入全国重要饮用水水源地名录。邙山提灌站从黄河取水、沉沙至水厂过程中,沿途生境变化剧烈。为更好地了解这种人工行为造成不同生境中浮游植物群落结构及变化特征,于2014年6月对提灌站的黄河取水口至水厂入口沿途设置的7个采样点开展了浮游植物调查,并同步开展水温、溶氧、总磷等水质因子监测。采用极点排序(POA)和冗余分析(RDA)两种多元统计方法研究了浮游植物群落结构变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:从黄河取水口至水厂取水口,浮游植物群落结构、密度与生物量沿途发生了明显变化,其中浮游植物生物量和生物多样性先升高后降低。POA分析表明7个采样断点被分成3类生境,反映了沿途的生境变化过程,而RDA分析进一步表明总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)和氧化还原位(ORP)等水环境因子对浮游植物群结构存在显著的影响,呈现了与湖泊等天然水体不同的变化。     

Seasonal variations of community structures phytoplankton in groundwater discharge areas along the Northern Yucatán Peninsula coast

The highly touristic Yucatán Peninsula is principally constituted with coastal marine environments. Like other coastal areas, this has been affected by the increase of waste water discharge, hydrological modifications and land use changes in the area. The phytoplankton community structure is one of the main components of coastal ecosystems and the most affected in hydrological processes. In order to follow the seasonal variations, the phytoplankton was characterized to follow the hydrological variability in two sites (Dzilam and Progreso) of the Northern Yucatán Peninsula. For this, cruises were carried out monthly during one year, from April 2004 to March 2005, with two samplings per season (dry, rainy and "nortes"). Hydrological variability was associated with seasonality and directly linked to groundwater discharges in the Dzilam area, and waste water discharges in the Progreso area. The highest nutrient concentrations occurred mainly during the rainy season. The phytoplankton community changes observed throughout the year suggested that the hydrological and chemical variability associated with seasonality and anthropogenic impacts have a strong influence. The substitution of diatoms by dinoflagellates as the dominant group in Progreso was the result of seasonal variability itself, but also could have been caused by eutrophic processes; while in Dzilam, the major presence of diatoms could have been favored by groundwater discharges. The results of this study can be used to understand the linkages between stressors from the anthropogenic activities and coastal water quality and changes.     

The nearshore shunt and the decline of the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Laurentian Great Lakes: insights from a three-dimensional lake model

Dreissenid mussels have been hypothesized to cause selective decreases of phytoplankton in nearshore areas (nearshore shunt hypothesis) as well as the near-complete loss of the offshore phytoplankton spring bloom in some Laurentian Great Lakes. To evaluate whether mussels can reasonably be expected to mediate such changes, we extended the three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model (ELCOM-CAEDYM) to include mussels as a state variable and applied it to Lake Erie (USA-Canada). Mussel-mediated decreases in mean phytoplankton biomass were highly sensitive to the assigned mussel population size in each basin. In the relatively deep east basin, mussels were predicted to decrease phytoplankton in both nearshore and offshore zones, even during periods of thermal stratification but especially during the spring phytoplankton maximum. Spatially, impacts were associated with mussel distributions but could be strong even in areas without high mussel biomass, consistent with advection from areas of higher mussel biomass. The results supported the nearshore shunt hypothesis that mussel impacts on phytoplankton should be greater in nearshore than offshore waters and also supported suggestions about the emerging importance of deep water offshore mussels. The results of this study provide an important insight into ecological role of mussels in lowering plankton productivity in some world’s largest lakes.     

阳江核电站邻近水域浮游植物群落结构及其季节变化

报道了2009—2010年阳江核电站Ⅱ期工程邻近水域的浮游植物群落结构与季节动态,估算了温排水的影响范围,并探讨了温排水对浮游植物群落的影响和预测。结果表明:78份样品鉴定浮游植物6门50属125种,季节平均丰度为(111.8±120.6)(103cells·L-1;硅藻主导型群落,占所有物种的75.4%,其次为甲藻,占19.8%;着色鞭毛藻(棕囊藻)在11月增殖,其丰度的数量级尚未达到发生赤潮的程度;主要优势种为丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、斯氏几内亚藻(Guinaridia striata)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudonitzchia pungens)、念珠直链藻(Melosira moniliformis)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、叉分角藻(Ceratium furca)、密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)等;种类组成及丰度分布有明显季节变化,密集中心不同;丰度分布总体呈现东部近岸向西南离岸减低的态势;11月的浮游植物物种多样性指数(H’)和均匀度(J’)均低,棕囊藻优势度极高,细胞丰度的种间分配不均匀,群落结构不稳定,4、8月反之;温排水的扩散范围估算为10km,浮游植物种类的季节更替反映了物种对温度的生态适应性,棕囊藻高丰度的发生需引起重视;阳江核电站Ⅱ期的温排水效应对浮游植物群落结构的作用并不明显。     

滇池北部湖区浮游植物时空格局及相关环境因子

为研究滇池北部湖区浮游植物的时空格局,探讨影响格局形成的关键影响因子,2008年12月至2009年6月,在滇池北部湖区选择6个点位,共开展了24次采样,调查并分析了浮游植物群落及其相关理化参数。通过比对滇池全湖周年监测数据,研究发现,北部湖区叶绿素a浓度从12月中旬开始下降,2月中旬降至最低值26.5μg/L,5月中旬达到最大值530.5μg/L。调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物74属97种,其中绿藻53种,蓝藻20种,硅藻17种,隐藻2种,金藻2种,甲藻1种,裸藻2种。蓝藻生物量在12月、3月至6月期间占优势,12月份优势种为绿色微囊藻(Microcystis viridis),3月至5月为水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenonflos-aquae),6月为惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)。硅藻在1月占优势,优势种为颗粒直链藻最窄变种(Melosira granulata var.angustissima)。研究结果表明,水温高于14℃以上,微囊藻生物量迅速增加;束丝藻生物量随温度增加而增加,高于22℃时迅速减少。北部湖区6个点位浮游植物的空间差异显著,D1、D4号点微囊藻、束丝藻生物量显著高于其他四个点(P<0.01),D2、D5号点广缘小环藻生物量显著高于其他四个点(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,在富营养化严重的滇池北部湖区,水温可能为影响浮游植物种类组成及生物量的关键因子,浮游植物水平分布的差异主要由气象因素和水体营养盐共同决定。     

浙江横山水库浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因子

为揭示横山水库浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质环境因子的关系, 于2011年3月至2012年2月, 逐月对横山水库4个站点浮游植物种类组成、丰度与生物量以及12项水质理化指标进行了调查分析.结果表明： 共鉴定出浮游植物246种, 隶属于7门78属, 主要优势种有变异直链藻、颗粒直链藻、梅尼小环藻、美丽星杆藻、尖针杆藻、短小曲壳藻、镰形纤维藻、湖生颤藻、啮蚀隐藻、尖尾蓝隐藻、细胶鞘藻和铜绿微囊藻等, 优势种的季节更替明显. 全年浮游植物丰度及生物量分别为0.51×10⁵～14.22×10⁵ ind·L^-1及0.07～1.27 mg·L^-1; 全年Margalef指数、Pielou指数及Shannon指数分别为1.10～3.33、0.26～0.81及0.51～2.38. 横山水库浮游植物群落结构变化规律为春季硅-隐藻型、夏季蓝-绿藻型、秋季硅藻型、冬季硅-隐藻型.典范对应分析(CCA)表明, 温度、透明度、化学需氧量和pH与横山水库浮游植物群落结构关系最为密切.水质评价显示, 横山水库水质处于α中污, 营养水平为中营养.     

Structure of the Phytoplankton Community and Its Relationship to Water Quality in Donghu Lake, Wuhan, China

The phytoplankton community structure, in terms of species composition, total standing crop,and abundance of the dominant algal species, at four stations in Donghu Lake, Wuhan, China, was investigated monthly from January 1994 to December 1996. A total of 260 taxa was observed, of which Chlorophyta (106 taxa) contributed the highest portion of the total number of taxa, followed by Bacillariophyta (82 taxa) and Cyanophyta (32 taxa). The total standing crop measured by means of chlorophyll a content, cell density,and cell biovolume, as well as the abundance of the dominant species, declined in the order of Station I to Station IV. Seasonal changes of the standing crop varied greatly among the four stations. Although the cell density at the four stations showed a single peak within a year, the peak density varied from July to November, dependent on the sampling year and the station. For chlorophyll a content and cell biovolume,multiple peaks were observed at Stations I and II, but a single peak was found at Stations III and IV. The phytoplankton community structure indicated that the trophic status was the highest at Station I (most eutrophic), followed by Station II; Stations III and IV were the least trophic areas. The long-term changes in phytoplankton community structure further suggested that changes in phytoplankton community structure were correlated with water quality, and eutrophication of Donghu Lake had been aggravated since the 1950s.     

三江平原湿地——虎林地区夏季浮游植物群落结构特征

对三江平原湿地虎林地区水域的浮游植物群落结构进行了初步研究。在采集区域设置10个采样点,经鉴定共有133个浮游植物分类单位,隶属于8门10纲16目27科48属。该地区浮游植物群落组成以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为主。各采样点浮游植物种类组成及细胞密度差异显著,采样点Ⅸ的浮游植物种类最丰富,采样点Ⅱ的浮游植物细胞密度最大。在三江平原湿地虎林地区发现了大量的β-中污指示种,经聚类和多维尺度分析评价,初步推断三江平原湿地虎林地区水域受到一定污染,呈中营养状态。     

2012年夏季长湖浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

为查明长湖浮游植物群落特征及其水环境影响因子, 并确定水体富营养化程度, 于2012年夏季对长湖浮游植物及相关环境因子进行调查检测分析, 运用藻类生物学法和综合营养状态指数法, 对长湖水体营养状态进行综合评定, 同时利用典范对应分析法(CCA)对浮游植物与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明, 2012年夏季长湖浮游植物共有53种(含变种、变型), 隶属于7门41属, 其中以绿藻最多(24种, 占总数量的38.9%), 其次为蓝藻(15种, 占总数量的36.0%)和硅藻(7种, 占总数量的14.1%)。优势种(优势度指数大于0.02)共10种, 其中两栖颤藻(Oscillatoria amphibia)是4个区域的共有优势种, 最高优势度达0.72。浮游植物丰度为12.03 × 10 ⁶- 62.13 × 10 ⁶cell·L ^-1, 平均值为27.71 × 10 ⁶cell·L ^-1。浮游植物丰度的平面分布呈现圆心湖、海子湖、马洪台、庙湖依次降低的特点。浮游植物多样性指数变化范围为0.89-3.24, 均匀度指数变化范围为0.23-0.83。选取叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、透明度和化学需氧量5项参数计算得出综合营养化指数。通过藻类生物学法和综合营养状态指数法进行综合评价发现: 2012年夏季长湖处于中度富营养化到富营养化程度。典范对应分析表明: 浮游植物空间分布主要受总氮、总悬浮物、总磷、溶氧以及亚硝酸氮等环境因子的影响。针状蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis acicularis)、两栖颤藻、席藻属(Phormidium)、鱼腥藻属(Anabeana)等蓝藻对总氮的需求较大。长湖各站点由于在不同程度上受到地形、人为干扰以及水动力条件的影响, 它们与环境因子的典范对应分析表现出明显的区域性。