芳香樟精油毛细管色谱分析

采用弹性石英毛细管柱色谱法测定芳香樟精油中芳樟醇和桉叶油素含量,结果表明：采用４０ｍ石英毛细管柱,程序升温方式提升柱温。方法回收率平均达９４．２％以上,变异系数为３．２１％以下,并认为该法是较好的测试方法。     

峰胶乙醇提取物化学成分的GC／MS研究

利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS),HP-5MS 30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm5%苯甲基聚硅氧烷弹性石英毛细管柱,对峰胶乙醇提取物化学成分进行了分析,分离出127种组分,采用峰面积归一化定量,鉴定出45种成分,共占其色谱流出组分总量的82.8%,其中萜类、黄酮类化合物约占31%.     

樟芝液体发酵粉对肝癌H22的体内生长抑制作用(英文)

本文采用肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤模型,对樟芝液体发酵粉的体内抗肿瘤活性进行评价。结果表明,樟芝液体发酵粉(500或1000 mg/kg b.w.)能够体内显著抑制H22肿瘤的生长,抑制率分别为42.0%和46.4%。同时,与模型组相比,樟芝发酵粉能够延长荷瘤小鼠的生存周期,延长率为29.4%。组织病理学研究结果表明,模型组小鼠的肿瘤细胞生长旺盛,而樟芝发酵粉处理组的小鼠肿瘤细胞具有明显的皱缩和坏死症状。樟芝发酵产物具有较好的体内抗肿瘤活性。     

天然除虫菊素的毛细管气相色谱定量分析

本文建立了一种利用毛细管气相色谱从除虫菊提取物中分离六个有杀虫活性菊酯类化合物,并进行定量分析的方法.采用15 m × 0.25 mm i.d.0.25 μm 的DB-1MS石英毛细管柱,柱温从150至242 ℃分二阶程序升温分离除虫菊提取物中六个有杀虫活性菊酯类化合物,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物,用FID检测器进行六个化合物的定量分析.该方法线性相关系数为0.9995,高、中、低三个水平的添加回收率分别为99.7%、99.4%和99.3%.     

天然樟脑和芳樟醇的新资源植物

本文报道了湖北樟的分类位置、地理分布、生态环境及其叶油化学成分。其鲜叶出油率为1.7ml/100g,主要成分樟脑含量高达88.46%。湖北产芳樟和黄樟的鲜叶出油率均高达3.1ml/100g,主成分芳樟醇含量分別为89.59%和81.41%。     

果蔬中有机氯农药残留的分析测定

目的:用高效气相色谱法对蔬菜和水果中的有机氯农药残留进行测定分析.方法:称取一定量的样品,采用丙酮和乙酸乙脂(4:1)提取,旋转蒸发仪上蒸发近干,石油醚和乙酸乙脂(4:1)洗脱过柱净化,再用旋转蒸发仪蒸发近干,5ml石油醚定容,在高效气相色谱仪上进行色谱分析.结果:样品采用匀浆提取法,测定选择BPX608石英毛细管柱,柱温225℃,样品的回收率在92%-105%之间.结论:该法具有简便、快捷、准确的特点,为进一步改进测定方法提供依据.     

米仓织蛾-豹皮樟虫茶主要营养成分分析

首次对贵州新发现的虫茶品种“米仓织蛾—豹皮樟虫茶”（简称“仓樟虫茶”）的营养价值进行了综合评价。用豹皮樟嫩叶饲喂米仓织蛾幼虫,获得仓樟虫茶,分析介绍了其一般营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和矿质元素等,并以三叶虫茶、紫白虫茶和米白虫茶等作为参照,对仓樟虫茶的营养价值进行评价。结果表明：仓樟虫茶蛋白质总量为23.8%,脂肪含量为2.8%,其必需氨基酸含量约为氨基酸总量的31.87%,4种呈味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40.81%。第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为赖氨酸和蛋氨酸,此外,包含10种脂肪酸和多种矿物元素,Mg、Ca、Fe、K含量较高,重金属和稀土元素均在安全范围以内。由此可见,仓樟虫茶营养丰富适宜作为一种新的食品资源进行研究开发和优化利用。     

福建万木林自然保护区沉水樟林种群生态位分析

采用定量分析方法对福建万木林自然保护区12个样地13个主要种群的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例、生态位重叠进行测定。结果表明,福建万木林自然保护区沉水樟林的优势种群多数为广生态位,对资源有一定共享性,其中沉水樟的生态位宽度最大,且在群落径级分布中占绝对优势,表明沉水樟种群在群落中具有比较强的生态适应性。种群之间的生态位相似比例较高,其中大于0.5的种对占44.9%;相对来说,沉水樟与生态位较宽树种的重叠值较大,生态位重叠值多为0.05～0.10,没有大于0.10的,表明目前沉水樟尚能适应该群落生境,与群落中其他树种竞争还不激烈,可以与生态位较宽的物种形成混交林。     

樟叶越桔组培苗生根和移栽技术研究

为解决樟叶越桔(Vaccinium dunalianum)组培苗生根质量不佳、移栽成活率低的问题,该研究以樟叶越桔继代苗为材料,采用单因子试验从激素类型及浓度、培养基类型和蔗糖质量浓度对其生根的适宜条件进行筛选,进一步研究了不同基质配比对樟叶越桔移栽苗存活率的影响。结果表明:激素类型和浓度、培养基类型对樟叶越桔生根率的影响最大,其次为蔗糖质量浓度;最适合樟叶越桔生根的激素及浓度为IBA2.0 mg·L~(-1)、基本培养基类型为1/4MS、蔗糖质量浓度为15 g·L~(-1),樟叶越桔组培苗最佳生根培养基为1/4MS+IBA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.1 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖15 g·L~(-1),生根率达100%,平均生根数为每株7.67条;根系呈辐射状、基部无愈伤组织,组培苗生长健壮、叶色浓绿;樟叶越桔组培苗移栽时以全腐殖土基质为佳,成活率为83.7%,植株叶片舒展,生长状况良好。该研究建立的优化体系有效地提高了樟叶越桔组培生根苗的生根率和生根质量,解决了后期移栽成活困难的问题,为优良的樟叶越桔植株规模化生产提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

濒危植物沉水樟的种群生命表和谱分析

将林木依胸径大小分级,以林木径级结构代表年龄结构。采用分段匀滑技术,编制沉水樟种群特定时间生命表,绘制死亡率曲线、危险率曲线及存活曲线,分析沉水樟种群动态趋势。结果表明：沉水樟种群的存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型,幼苗和中树稀缺是导致沉水樟濒危的重要原因。沉水樟种群天然更新过程的动态是通过沉水樟不同龄级的株数分布波动而表现的,种群动态的谱分析表明沉水樟种群动态除受基波的影响外,还显示出明显的小周期波动,在11龄级这一小周期波动与沉水樟高生长有关,在15龄级这一小周期的波动可能与沉水樟的生理特性有关。     

Development and characterization of a chitosan-supported immunoaffinity chromatography column for the selective extraction of methandrostenolone from food and feed samples

The development of a chitosan-supported immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) column and its application to the selective extraction of methandrostenolone (MA) from food and feed samples were described in this paper. Using hybridoma technique, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MA was produced. The IAC column was prepared by coupling the produced antibody with crosslinked chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the chitosan crosslinking and antibody coupling. 2% and 90% methanol were respectively selected as loading and eluting solution by optimization. The maximum capacity of the column for MA was 1790 ng/mL gel. The extraction recoveries of the column for MA at three different spiked concentrations ranged from 83.7 to 98.5%. After 2 cycles of usage, the column capacity and extraction recovery still remained 84.6% and 80.5%. To further verify the effect of matrix on the IAC cleanup, MA-fortified food and feed samples were extracted using the prepared IAC column, and MA recovery rates were found to be 86.2% and 70.4%, respectively.     

The effect of column verticality on separation efficiency in expanded bed adsorption

The effect of column verticality on liquid dispersion and separation efficiency in expanded bed adsorption columns was investigated using 1 and 5 cm diameter columns. Column misalignment of only 0.15° resulted in the reduction of the Bodenstein number from 140 to 50 for the 1 cm dia. column and from 75 to 45 for the 5 cm dia. column. This degree of misalignment was not detectable by visual assessment of adsorbent particle movement within the column. Depending on the relative importance of transport limitations, kinetic limitations and dispersion to any specific separation, this increase in dispersion with column alignment can significantly affect separation efficiency. Pure protein breakthrough profiles resulting from the application of bovine serum albumin onto STREAMLINE Q XL demonstrated that, at 10% breakthrough, 7.8% more protein could be applied to a vertical 1 cm dia. column compared to the same column misaligned by 0.15°. When an unclarified yeast homogenate was applied to a 1 cm dia. vertical column packed with STREAMLINE DEAE, 10% breakthrough of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) corresponded to a load 55% greater compared to the same column aligned 0.185° off-vertical. The G6PDH breakthrough curves for vertical and 0.15° off-vertical runs performed using a 5 cm column were essentially indistinguishable.     

A novel method for the isolation and purification of protoplasts from friable,embryogenic corn (Zea Mays L.) callus

A method is described for the isolation of protoplasts from rapidly-growing, friable embryogenic and organogenic cell cultures of corn. A Sepharose 6MB cyanogen-bromide-activated macrobead column coupled with Cellulase RS was used to separate contaminating cells from protoplasts. The column consists of layering 1.5 cm of the coupled-macrobeads into a 2.2-cm diameter column. Contamination of protoplasts by cells possessing partial or complete walls was reduced from 25% to near zero after a single passage through the column. The column was capable of retaining in excess of 30 million cells and recovering 99% cell-free preparations from culture material consisting of less than 1% protoplasts. Coupled-macrobeads were easily recovered, washed free of cells and stored for repeated use. Corn protoplasts appeared undamaged by the column and rapeseed (Brassica napus) protoplasts which were passed through the column have divided and formed colonies in culture. Uncoupled macrobeads were not as efficient as coupled macrobeads in reducing cellular contamination.     

Removal of Phthalate Esters in Soil Column Inoculated with Microorganisms

The removal of phthalate esters, such as di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was efficiently effected by inoculating and retaining viable cells of Nocardia erythropolis, a bacterium known capable of rapidly degrading phthalate esters, in soil column. When an influent containing 3000 ppm of DEHP was passed through a column inoculated with Nocardia erythropolis, the eluent from the column was gas-chromatographically free of DEHP after 1 day. Residual DEHP on the support after 32 days in the column inoculated with Nocardia erythropolis was only 0.14% against the total amount of DEHP fed, whereas it was 5.2% in the uninoculated column. Microorganisms capable of utilizing DEHP were isolated from the inoculated and un- inoculated columns after 32 days operation and identified. The DEHP utilizing microorganisms in the inoculated column were found to belong to Nocardia erythropolis, Nocardia restricta and Pseudomonas putida (Biotype B), and those in the uninoculated column to Nocardia erythropolis, Pseudomonas putida (Biotype A and B) and Pseudomonas acidovorans. In particular, strain 1-1 of Nocardia erythropolis isolated from the inoculated column was morphologically and biochemically identical with the inoculated Nocardia erythropolis S-l. Ratio of all Nocardia erythropolis to total cells recovered increased from 10.8% immediately after inoculation to 27.2% after 32 days in inoculated column.     

经蛋白A连接于琼脂糖的单克隆抗体亲和层析柱用于抗独特型抗体的纯化

 以Sepharose CL-4B-Pro A吸附胃癌单克隆抗体(McAb)PD4,继之以交联剂二甲基庚二亚胺二盐酸盐(dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride)处理,形成亲和介质(柱Ⅰ)。该亲和介质用于纯化抗PD4独特型抗体(aIdAb)具有明显的优点。与Sepharose CL-4B-PD4(柱Ⅱ)相比,前者的结合容量为后者的1.78～1.94倍。采用柱Ⅰ纯化的aIdAb,当其与McAb PD4的分子比分别为1:1及4:1时可50％或100％地抑制McAb PD4与靶细胞的结合,但采用柱Ⅱ获得的aIdAb,只有当分子比达到2:1及8:1时,才能达到同等的抑制效应。这可能是由于Pro A与McAb PD4的Fc片断结合,使后者的Fab端得以充分暴露,因而有更多的机会与aIdAb结合。     

Reusability of immunoaffinity columns for determination of fumonisins in maize

Eighteen maize samples were assayed for fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 content by immunoaffinity column coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The FumoniTest columns were used once for the isolation of fumonisins (single-use column method). In the second part of the assay the columns were regenerated. After elution with methanol, PBS solution was left on the column for one day at room temperature to regenerate the columns (regenerated column method). The efficiency of columns regenerated twice was tested by determining FB, recovery and the reproducibility of the determinations. The recovery rate of FB1 proved to be 82% by the single-use column method (RSD: 5.7%) and 82.6% (RSD: 5.6 %) by the regenerated column method; 500-8,000 ng FB1 loaded onto the columns did not affect column performances. Nearly identical values were obtained when the FB1 content of fumonisin-containing maize samples was determined by both methods. The results indicate that the FumoniTest columns can be regenerated by the method applied at least twice without decrease in column performance. The fumonisin affinity, capacity and specificity of the regenerated columns were not changed. Thus, columns regenerated in this way can be used for determining the fumonisin content of maize samples at least three times.     

Continuous ethanol production using induced yeast aggregates

Summary The induction of yeast cell aggregates in a column reactor was initiated by packing yeast cell paste of Saccharomyces uvarum into the column, and then YMP broth was fed into the column from the bottom at a linear flow rate of 2.5 cm/h. Thereafter, yeast cells aggregated in the column within 48 h without a supply of oxygen. When this yeast aggregate column reactor was used for continuous ethanol production, a final ethanol concentration of 10.8% (w/v) was obtained from 23% (w/v) of glucose in a YMP broth with a dilution rate of 0.05 h^-1, and 4.9% (w/v) was obtained from 10% (w/v) of glucose with a dilution rate of 0.6 h^-1. The theoretical yield was above 97% in both cases. The ethanol production rates were 13 g¹ h^-1 l^-1 and 90 g¹ h^-1 l^-1 for producing 10.8% (w/v) and 4.9% (w/v) of ethanol respectively. This column reactor was maintained at a steady state for more than one month.     

Improved production of phenylethanoid glycosides by Cistanche deserticola cells cultured in an internal loop airlift bioreactor with sifter riser

An internal loop airlift bioreactor with sifter riser (ILABSR) was composed of a bubble column and a draught-tube rolled with 40-mesh sifter that placed 5 cm above the bottom at the center of the column. A 2 L ILABSR was used for the suspension cultivation of Cistanche deserticola cells and its performance was compared with shake flask culture and a bubble column. Under the optimum culture conditions with the air flowrate of 0.075 m³/h and the inoculation size of 4.7%, about one-fifth cells were attached to the sifter draught-tube. PeG content in these cells was 16.3%, which was 104% higher than that of suspension cells. The production of phenylethanoid glycosides reached 0.85 g/L, which was 102 and 4% higher than those cultured in a 2 L bubble column and shake flasks respectively under their optimal culture conditions.     

Cellulose production by planktonic algae in lacustrine environments

Cellulose production by planktonic algae in a eutrophic pond and in an oligotrophic lake was estimated by comparing the amount of cellulose contained in intact algal cells with the amount of cellulose present in the water column. Cellulose contents of laboratory grown algal species representing the dominant cellulose producers were ranged from 2 to 39% of the total dry weight of cell mass, depending upon the species and stage of growth. The relative amounts of cellulose present in the water column ranged from 4 to 50% of the total dry weight of particulate matter.It was estimated that more than 30% of cellulose in the water column was actually contributed by the viable algal cells present during the algal bloom. Despite its algal origin, more cellulose was found in the water column than could be accounted for by the number of algal cells observed. The difference was due to the accumulation of cellulose from previous algal crops. This observation indicated that production of algal cellulose exceeded decomposition and little or no decomposition of cellulosic material took place in the water column.     

Enantiomeric analysis of amino acids by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

The chiral separation of amino acids (AA) derivatised with ethyl chloroformate by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography is reported. A commercially available enantioselective capillary column (Chirasil-l-Val) has been tested as first-dimension column. Two nonenantioselective stationary phases (BPX50 and BP1) with different column lengths were combined with the enantioselective column, which represent chiral/polar and chiral/low-polarity column sets, respectively. These column sets were evaluated to determine the most useful column combination to provide improved separation efficiency of enantioselective AA analysis. Separations of AA mixtures derivatised either as their N-trifluoroacetyl methyl esters or with methyl chloroformate, performed on a chiral/low-polarity column set, are also shown. The method was demonstrated for chiral analysis of AAs in different beer samples. The major AA in the beer samples was proline with amounts ranging from around 65-95% with minor contents of glycine and the l-enantiomers of alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Small amounts of d-alanine, at about 1, 1.5, and 15% were detected in the three samples.