金丝小枣基因组DNA的优化提取方法

采用SDS和CTAB两种方法分离提取金丝小枣基因组DNA,并比较其提取效果。结果表明,改进后的CTAB法可获得高质量、高得率的基因组DNA,可用于金丝小枣的各种分子生物学研究。     

荔枝基因组DNA的提取

介绍一种提取荔枝基因组DNA的有效方法,即在传统CTAB法的基础上,于CTAB抽提液中加入1％的PVP。影响荔枝基因组DNA提取质量的因素有3个：第一是取材,第二是磨样与温育时间,第三是防止褐化。     

苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较

目的:比较不同方法提取苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA的差异。方法:用经典CTAB提取法、改进CTAB法(溶菌酶处理结合CTAB提取法)、UniQ柱吸附提取法制备苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA,比较产物完整性和用于PCR扩增的有效性。结果:三种方法制备基因组DNA纯度接近,但改进CTAB法产率最高,UniQ法产率最低。经典CTAB法和UniQ法提取基因组DNA易降解。三种方法所得基因组DNA用于PCR扩增效率接近。结论:溶菌酶裂解结合CTAB提取更适合制备苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA。     

细菌基因组DNA提取方法概述

细菌基因组DNA提取是分子生物学研究的基础,DNA提取的质量和效率可直接影响后续实验结果的准确性和精确性。综述并比较了近10年细菌DNA提取的几种方法,分析不同方法的提取效率,以期为分子生物学研究提供更可靠的基础。     

一种经济快速提取丝状真菌基因组DNA的方法

以螺旋木霉(Trichoderma SpiraleXX)、小克银汉霉(Cunninghamella phaeospora MK)和卵形孢球托霉(Gongronella butleri XT)3种丝状真菌为材料,采用改进的CTAB法提取基因组DNA.方法改进后无需液氮、聚乙烯砒咯烷酮(PVP)和NaAc等试剂,过程简洁,且所需菌体量少,提取的DNA纯度较好,适用于一次微量提取多个样品的基因组DNA.此方法得到的基因组DNA可用于PCR扩增.     

蜘蛛基因组DNA提取方法的比较

分别用SDS法,SK251基因组DNA小量抽提试剂盒法,自制试剂盒法,对蜘蛛组织的基因组DNA进行了提取,经比较,自制试剂盒法对提取蜘蛛基因组DNA最简便面又有效的方法。     

大青杨基因组DNA提取方法的比较

本研究采用改良SDS法、常规CTAB法和改良CTAB法(1.5×CTAB,2×CTAB,3×CTAB)提取大青杨基因组DNA,并用紫外光普分析、凝胶电泳、限制性内切酶消化和RAPD方法进行鉴定.结果表明:5种方法中,改良SDS法DNA提取率最高,但CTAB法比改良SDS法提取获得的DNA纯度高,OD260/OD280为1.73～1.81.与常规CTAB法比较,改良SDS法和改良CTAB法能有效去除蛋白、多糖、酚类及次生代谢物质.综合分析确定改良2×CTAB法为大青杨基因组DNA的最佳提取方法.     

甘蔗基因组DNA小量提取与大量提取方法研究

甘蔗的叶片中含有大量的多糖、多酚类和RNA等物质,对甘蔗分子生物学实验带来了极大的影响.本研究利用改良的CTAB对甘蔗基因组DNA进行小量提取法与大量提取方法的研究,本方法操作简单,DNA完整性好、产量高、纯度高可满足大部分分子实验的需要.     

刺参基因组DNA提取的探讨

以刺参为试验材料,分别以CTAB法、SDS法、Segama试剂盒法对刺参的触手、管足、体壁、纵肌、肠和呼吸树组织进行基因组DNA的提取,均得到了高质量的基因组DNA。Segama试剂盒提取DNA条带较其他两种方法清晰,杂质少且无降解,效果最佳。对比6种不同的刺参组织,其中纵肌组织3种方法均获得高质量基因组DNA,为提取基因组DNA的首选组织。开发了利用刺参触手和管足活体取样提取基因组DNA的方法,得到了高质量的基因组DNA,这为刺参无损伤取样提供了数据支持,使得将来刺参家系建立过程中保证亲体的健康存活及减少试验样品取样所带来的损伤成为可能。     

高盐沉淀CTAB法提取温室菊花基因组DNA

根据温室菊花植物组织富含多酚、多糖的具体特性,对CTAB法加以改进:在待沉淀液中加入1/2体积5 mol·L～NaCI.改进后的方法获得的DNA质量良好,电泳条带清晰,提取过程无明显的DNA降解,基本上排除了多酚物质的干扰.以提取的DNA为模板,用一对引物扩增菊花中18S基因,得到条带单一,大小与已知一致,说明获得的DNA可以进行PCR扩增,EcoR I 酶切基因组DNA图谱表明,提取的DNA能被限制性内切酶完全酶切,可以满足相关的分子生物学研究.     

An efficient extraction method to enhance analysis of low abundant proteins from soybean seed

Large amounts of the major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, in soybean (Glycine max) seeds hinder the isolation and characterization of less abundant seed proteins. We investigated whether isopropanol extraction could facilitate resolution of the low abundant proteins, different from the main storage protein fractions, in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). 1D-PAGE of proteins extracted by different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%) of isopropanol showed that greater than 30% isopropanol was suitable for preferential enrichment of low abundant proteins. Analysis of 2D-PAGE showed that proteins which were less abundant or absent by the conventional extraction procedure were clearly seen in the 40% isopropanol extracts. Increasing isopropanol concentration above 40% resulted in a decrease in the number of less abundant protein spots. We have identified a total of 107 protein spots using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our results suggest that extraction of soybean seed powder with 40% isopropanol enriches lower abundance proteins and is a suitable method for 2D-PAGE separation and identification. This methodology could potentially allow the extraction and characterization of low abundant proteins of other legume seeds containing highly abundant storage proteins.     

堆肥中微生物总DNA的高效提取

采用化学裂解和酶解相结合的方法,选择加入PVPP的高盐缓冲液作为细胞裂解的反应体系,并以PEG-8000进行DNA沉淀,从高有机含量的堆肥样品中进行微生物总DNA的提取。结果表明,从4种性质不同的堆肥中均获得了高质量的微生物总DNA,所得的DNA分子片段在23kb左右;每克干重堆肥的总DNA提取量为63.54±12.08μg~106.50±28.36μg,A260/A280大于1.6,A260/A230大于1.8,不用经过纯化可以直接进行PCR扩增和限制性酶切;以该DNA为模板进行微生物区系的DGGE分析,显示了丰富的微生物多样性。该方法减少了通常环境样品DNA提取过程中的纯化步骤,减少了DNA的损失,为从事微生物分子生态学,尤其是那些针对高有机含量以及获取极为不易的环境样品的研究而言是十分有益的。     

An improved method for genomic DNA extraction from cyanobacteria

We present an improved method for genomic DNA extraction from cyanobacteria by updating the earlier method from our group (Sinha et al. 2001) that does not require lysozyme treatment or sonication to lyse the cells. This method use lysis buffer to lyse the cells and also skips the initial treatments to remove the exopolysaccharides or to break the clumps. To test the efficacy of the method DNA was extracted from the freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 and Rivularia sp. HKAR-4 (Accession number: FJ939128). The spectrophotometric and gel electrophoresis analysis revealed high yield and high quality of genomic DNA extracted by this method. Furthermore, the RAPD resulted in the amplification of unidentified genomic regions of various lengths; however, rDNA amplification gave only one band of 1.5 kb in all studied cyanobacteria. Thymine dimer detection study revealed that thymine dimers are induced only by UV-B radiation in A. variabilis PCC 7937 and there is no effect of PAR and UV-A on its genome. Collectively, all these findings put forward the applicability of this method in different studies and purposes.     

一种从土壤生物结皮中有效提取DNA的方法

在干旱、半干旱地区稀疏的高等植被间, 常有一层生物土壤结皮。       

An efficient purification and fractionation of genomic DNA from soil by modified troughing method

AIMS: The aim of this study was to utilize a modified troughing method for purification of large genomic DNA obtained from microbiota in natural environment and for fractionation of genomic DNA into many size ranges that facilitates construction of metagenomic library. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genomic DNA extracted from soil or termite gut was purified by the modified troughing method which utilized gel electrophoresis in the presence of 30% PEG8000. The method performed better than various purification kits and allowed no significant loss in the amount of DNA recovered. In addition, the efficiency of the modified troughing method for DNA size fractionation was investigated. DNA size fractionation was achieved with repetitive rounds of electrophoresis and DNA collection to obtain DNA with many size ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The modified troughing method is a simple and efficient method for purification of genomic DNA and for DNA size fractionation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The modified troughing method is a straightforward and inexpensive technique readily available for anyone working with environmental genomic DNA. It facilitates cloning of genomic DNA and enhances rapid discovery of useful bioactive compounds from microbial resources.     

An efficient method for DNA extraction from cyanobacteria isolated from hypersaline and marine environments

Cyanobacteria are ancient organisms surviving on the earth due to their simple nutritional requirements and ability to produce distinct secondary metabolites that can combat detrimental environmental impacts. In order to understand these abilities of cyanobacteria at the molecular level, it is necessary to extract high‐quality genomic DNA. However, the presence of secondary metabolites and exopolysaccharides hinders the DNA extraction from these organisms, especially from hypersaline environments. Here we have developed and compared a new method with two known methods of DNA extraction from environmental isolates. The results clearly indicate that the new optimized method yielded large amount of DNA with high purity. Additionally, the extracted DNA showed reduced degradation and excellent overall quality, which can be used directly for downstream purposes such as PCR and sequencing.     

一种快速高效提取病原真菌DNA作为PCR模板的方法

真菌rDNA-ITS序列分析适合于较高等级水平的生物群体间的系统分析。真菌DNA的提取采用传统的方法,步骤繁琐,需要较长时间。采用Chelex-100法提取真菌DNA,使用PCR扩增rDNA-ITS序列评价提取核酸的质量。结果显示,该方法具有经济、简便、快速、高效的特点,是一种比较理想的提取真菌基因组DNA作为PCR模板的方法。     

An efficient and non-destructive DNA extraction method for oribatid mites

Molecular methods play an important role in systematic acarology and DNA extraction is the first step in this ground. Nowadays, the varieties of methods are being used for extraction of DNA, but most of them destroy the important external characters that are essential for morphological identification. In order to overcome the problem of associating molecular and morphological information, we have developed a simple, efficient and non-destructive DNA extraction method for oribatid mites. The non-destructive method was tested on three different species [Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836 (Oppiidae), Acrotritia ardua C.L. Koch, 1841 (Euphthiracaridae), and Amerus polonicus Kulczynski, 1902 (Ameridae)] and exoskeleton of specimens were preserved in Hoyer’s medium on glass microscopic slides for further identification via morphological studies. This method is more time consuming than commercial kits, but is easier and cheaper, meanwhile, allows systematic analysis with linking the morphological and genetic traits from a single mite. The most important advantage of TNES method is that after using this non-destructive method, specimens preserve all of their morphological features.     

Rapid and efficient extraction of genomic DNA from differentphytopathogenic fungi using DNAzol reagent

A modified procedure using the commercial DNAzol reagent was successfully applied to extract genomic DNA from 25 fungal species. The DNA yield varied from 306 to 1,927 g g^-1 dry mycelia and the A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio from 1.59 to 1.93. Compared with the method of J.L. Cenis (Nucleic Acids Res. 1992, 20: 2380) this procedure generated a higher DNA yield from 17 species and a higher A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio from 23 species. But for four species, Cenis (1992) method was more suitable. No inhibitor of polymerase chain reaction was evident for the DNA extracted by the modified procedure, whereas some inhibitors remained in DNA of eight species extracted by the previous method.Revisions requested 8 September 2004; Revisions received 1 November 2004     

一种快速提取基因组DNA的方法

采采用氧化硅超顺磁性纳米磁珠和自己设计的试剂体系及提取流程,建立了一种基因组DNA的快速提取方法,该方法以氧化硅磁珠为固相吸附载体,盐酸胍、 -巯基乙醇和SDS为主要裂解吸附试剂。以全血或培养细胞为实验材料进行基因组DNA的提取结果显示用本文建立的方法提取100 L小鼠抗凝血,可得2～3 g基因组DNA, OD260/OD280为1.8 ± 0.05,其纯度可满足后续的酶切和PCR生物操作要求。该方法整个提取过程只需12分钟,不需特殊实验条件同时可省略蛋白酶K的消化过程和离心操作,适用于一般实验室的需求,是一种操作简便、快速高效的提取方法。