Negative Pressure Artificial Respiration: Use in Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn

Forty-five newborn infants in respiratory failure with respiratory distress syndrome were treated with intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV). There was a survival rate of 38% (17/45).All infants were initially treated without nasotracheal intubation. However, 24 of these developed a Paco₂ greater than 70 mm. Hg and were subsequently intubated. Intubation was followed by a decrease in the degree of hypercarbia in each instance and simultaneous increase in Pao₂.Complications encountered during ventilation were: emphysema (one patient), aspiration pneumonia (two patients), septicemia (two patients), misplaced nasotracheal tube (one patient).Follow-up of the 17 surviving patients for periods of four to 36 months disclosed two patients with post-intubation hoarseness. One infant initially had spastic quadriplegia with EEG abnormalities, both of which cleared by 5 months of age. In the remaining 14 infants, the results of physical, neurological and psychological examinations have remained within normal limits.     

Efficacy of the Combined Use of Negative Pressure on the Lower Part of the Body and Negative-Pressure Respiration under Simulated Microgravity

The efficacies of the standard procedure for application of negative pressure on the lower part of the body (NPLB) and a combination of NPLB and negative-pressure respiration (NPR) during a simulated last stage of a spaceflight under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH, –6°) and isolation for 7 days have been compared in the course of three series of tests involving six volunteers in an EU-100 pressurized chamber. After the end of the 7-day ANOH and isolation, episodes of orthostatic disorders were observed in all six subjects in the first series of tests (the control series) and in four subjects in the second series (NPLB). In the third series (NPLB + NPR), orthostatic disorders, if any, were slight. Two main conclusions have been made. First, ANOH combined with isolation in a small chamber may be used to simulate the effects of the combined factors of spaceflight on humans in order to obtain model gravitational circulatory disorders. Second, the combined use of NPLB + NPR under these conditions may be effective for the prevention of orthostatic circulatory disorders in humans.     

无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择

目的:探讨无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年8月我院收治的120例先行气管插管有创通气治疗的急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,病情得到控制后,按照拔管时间的长短分为A、B、C 3组,各40例,其中A组在进行自主呼吸30 min后拔管,B组在进行自主呼吸2 h后拔管,C组在进行自主呼吸24 h后拔管,拔管后全部患者均进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,比较3组患者治疗后血气分析结果、呼吸机相关肺炎发生率及脱机成功率。结果:13组患者无创正压通气治疗后的呼吸频率、心率、氧合指数、氧分压、二氧化碳分压及ph值均无明显差异(t1=1.402,t2=1.338,t1=0.738,t2=1.201,t1=0.969,t1=0.857,均P0.05);2A组患者的脱机成功率为7.50%,显著低于B组的77.50%与C组的82.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的再插管率为92.50%,显著高于B组的22.50%与C组的17.50%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的呼吸机相关肺炎发生率为45.00%,显著高于B组的12.50%与C组的10.00%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者在自主呼吸超过2 h后拔管,进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,可明显提高脱机成功率,降低再插管率和呼吸机相关肺炎发生率,值得临床推广。     

三种气道正压通气对心力衰竭患者陈-施氏呼吸的疗效比较

目的:比较持续气道正压通气(CPAP),双水平正压通气(BiPAP)与匹配伺服通气(ASV)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者陈-施氏呼吸(CSR)的疗效区别.方法:选择存在睡眠期CSR的稳定期CHF患者14例,比较治疗前和分别经CPAP,BiPAP和ASV治疗时睡眠呼吸及睡眠结构和质量相关参数.结果:与治疗前相比,三种气道正压通气治疗时睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和微觉醒指数(MAI)明显降低(P＜0.01),而最低脉氧饱和度(miniSpO2)显著升高(P＜0.01);睡眠结构参数Ⅰ+Ⅱ期睡眠比率显著降低(P＜0.01),而慢波睡眠比率显著增高(P＜0.01).三种治疗中AHI,MAI和Ⅰ+Ⅱ期睡眠比率ASV治疗时最低,CPAP治疗时最高,且不同治疗期间比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05);miniSpO2和慢渡睡眠比率ASV治疗时最高,CPAP治疗时最低.结论:CPAP、BiPAP与ASV治疗均可改善CHF患者CSR的AHI和MAI,并且可改善睡眠结构,但以ASV治疗的疗效最为显著.     

Use of Benzoctamine as Sedative in Patients with Respiratory Failure

Benzoctamine (Tacitin) was given by mouth as night sedation to patients admitted to hospital with respiratory failure. Fourteen patients had chronic obstructive bronchitis and six had acute severe asthma. One patient with asthma needed intravenous sedation with benzoctamine. No adverse effects were observed, and there was no significant change of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), or Pco₂ in any patient after benzoctamine. Nevertheless, further clinical experience of the drug is required before its use can be safely recommended in respiratory failure.     

NCPAP在治疗新生儿急性呼吸衰竭中的应用价值

目的：探讨鼻塞持续正压通气(NCPAP)治疗新生儿急性呼吸衰竭的临床应用价值。方法：选取我院2008 年2 月至2014 年5月接收确诊的新生儿急性呼吸衰竭98 例,根据治疗方法不同均分为对照组和治疗组,每组49 例,对照组采用持续头罩吸氧治疗,治疗组采用鼻塞持续正压无创通气治疗,对比分析两组患儿的治疗效果。结果：治疗24 h 后,治疗组患儿的呼吸、心率、PaO2和PaCO2临床指标改善程度要高于对照组(P<0.05),且治疗组的治愈率高于对照组(89.4 %>67.4 %,X2=3.671,P<0.05),同时并发症的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：NCPAP 能够有效地治疗新生儿急性呼吸衰竭,同时减少并发症的发生,值得临床进一步推广与应用。     

食管癌术后呼吸衰竭的临床诊治分析

目的：探讨食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭（RF）的原因及防治疗措施。方法：将194例行食管癌手术的患者按术后是否发生呼衰分为观察组（36例）和对照组（158例）,比较分析相关因素,对发生RF的患者行气管插管呼吸机辅助和气管切开的抢救。结果：36例RF均在术后24-72h发生,33例痊愈,死亡3例。结论：年龄、肺功能、手术时间、血清白蛋白含量、术后其它并发症及是否吸烟等都是诱发RF的重要因素,术前积极治疗肺部合并症、改善肺功能、缩短手术时间、防止染是预防和减少RF发生的主要措施。     

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of the Newborn

In an outbreak of respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus infection in a maternity hospital the respiratory illness was of a mild nature and the virus was not found in infants without respiratory symptoms. This confirms the suggestion that R.S. virus can infect infants at a very early age. Rapid diagnosis was achieved by applying the direct fluorescent antibody technique to cells in nasal secretions. This proved to be more sensitive than culture techniques where there was delay between the onset of respiratory symptoms and submission of specimens to the laboratory.     

呼吸机辅助治疗呼吸衰竭中的系统化决策分析

呼吸衰竭是临床众多专业常常面对的危重综合症,呼吸机辅助通气是救治呼吸衰竭十分有效的措施.孤立看待呼吸机子系统和患者子系统常不能实现良好的治疗效果,而将呼吸机和患者看做一个巨大的系统,充分构建协调一致呼吸机与患者这个大系统稳定有效性,监测其工作协调性是保证救治有效性重要途径.充分站在整体高度,考虑到救治措施的协调一致和互相配合.从整体的角度维护其稳定,注意系统下各个不同环节的异常,从整体角度调整不足都将使得措施更加有效而简便,也会大大增加救治呼吸衰竭成功率和加快对于呼吸机掌握应用速度.对于呼吸机和疾病的充分理解与掌握则是重要的前提.系统化决策分析法将会帮助我们全面、准确、快速掌握并良好使用呼吸机救治呼吸衰竭患者.     

早期呼吸支持救治急性中毒所致呼吸衰竭的临床疗效及安全性

目的:探讨急性中毒导致呼衰的患者在其发病早期给予呼吸支持治疗的效果与安全性。方法:回顾性选取2013年9月至2015年9月在我院接受治疗的86例急性中毒性呼衰的患者,分为为试验组和对照组,每组43例。对照组在患者出现呼吸停止5min内实施气管插管通气治疗,试验组在患者尚未出现呼吸停止,还存在部分自主呼吸的情况下,给予早期呼吸支持治疗。对比分析两组治疗效果、呼吸机使用与住院时间、接受通气后并发症情况。结果:试验组研究对象的总有效率(97.67%),与对照组总有效率(58.14%)相比明显较高,差异有统计学意义(x~2=19.5240,P=0.0000)。试验组研究对象的使用呼吸机时间(33.1±5.7)d、住院时间(65.2±8.6)d与对照组使用呼吸机时间(57.3±6.3)d、住院时间(73.7±9.8)d相比明显较短,差异有统计学意义(t=36.09、85.00,P0.05)。试验组患者的并发症发生率(2.33%)与对照组患者(34.88%)相比明显较低,差异有统计学意义(x~2=12.9768,P=0.00032)。结论:发生急性中毒导致呼衰的患者在其发病早期给予呼吸支持治疗的效果显著,可缩短呼吸机使用时间,安全可靠。