Induction of immune responses in mice after intragastric administration of Lactobacillus casei producing porcine parvovirus VP2 protein

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization against porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection. A 64-kDa fragment of PPV major protective antigen VP2 protein was used as the parvovirus antigen model. A recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein was constructed with plasmid pPG611.1, where expression and localization of the VP2 protein from recombinant Lc393-rPPV-VP2 was detected via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Both local mucosal and systemic immune responses against PPV were induced in BALB/c mice immunized orally with the recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein. The induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on PPV infection. These data indicated that the use of recombinant lactobacilli could be a valuable strategy for future vaccine development of PPV.     

Display of alpha-amylase on the surface of Lactobacillus casei cells by use of the PgsA anchor protein, and production of lactic acid from starch

We developed a new cell surface engineering system based on the PgsA anchor protein from Bacillus subtilis. In this system, the N terminus of the target protein was fused to the PgsA protein and the resulting fusion protein was expressed on the cell surface. Using this new system, we constructed a novel starch-degrading strain of Lactobacillus casei by genetically displaying alpha-amylase from the Streptococcus bovis strain 148 with a FLAG peptide tag (AmyAF). Localization of the PgsA-AmyA-FLAG fusion protein on the cell surface was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. The lactic acid bacteria which displayed AmyAF showed significantly elevated hydrolytic activity toward soluble starch. By fermentation using AmyAF-displaying L. casei cells, 50 g/liter of soluble starch was reduced to 13.7 g/liter, and 21.8 g/liter of lactic acid was produced within about 24 h. The yield in terms of grams of lactic acid produced per gram of carbohydrate utilized was 0.60 g per g of carbohydrate consumed at 24 h. Since AmyA was immobilized on the cells, cells were recovered after fermentation and used repeatedly. During repeated utilization of cells, the lactic acid yield was improved to 0.81 g per g of carbohydrate consumed at 72 h. These results indicate that efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from soluble starch to lactic acid were carried out by recombinant L. casei cells with cell surface display of AmyA.     

Elicitation of immunity in mice after immunization with the S2 subunit of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

The S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein is responsible for fusion between virus and target cell membranes, and is expected to be immungenic. In this study, we investigated the immune responses against the S2 subunit in BALB/c mice, which were vaccinated either with plasmid DNA encoding the S2 domain (residues 681-1120), the recombinant S2 fragment (residues 681-980) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, or with inactivated SARS-CoV. The increased number of specific cytotoxic cells (CTLs) and the high titer of specific antibody showed stimulation of both arms of the immune system in these groups. The shift in cytokines suggested that Th1-polarized immune response was induced by plasmid pCoVS2, meanwhile the Th2-dominant response was induced by recombinant S2 fragment and inactivated vaccine. However, the titer of neutralizing antibodies was only detectable in mice immunized with inactivated virus, but not with pCoVS2 plasmid. Taken together, the S2 domain could induce specific cellular immune response and a high level of total IgG but little neutralizing antibodies against infection by SARSCoV.     

Nasal immunization of mice with Lactobacillus casei expressing the Pneumococcal Surface Protein A: induction of antibodies, complement deposition and partial protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge

Strategies for the development of new vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections try to overcome problems such as serotype coverage and high costs, present in currently available vaccines. Formulations based on protein candidates that can induce protection in animal models have been pointed as good alternatives. Among them, the Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) plays an important role during systemic infection at least in part through the inhibition of complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface, a mechanism of evasion from the immune system. Antigen delivery systems based on live recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represents a promising strategy for mucosal vaccination, since they are generally regarded as safe bacteria able to elicit both systemic and mucosal immune responses. In this work, the N-terminal region of clade 1 PspA was constitutively expressed in Lactobacillus casei and the recombinant bacteria was tested as a mucosal vaccine in mice. Nasal immunization with L. casei-PspA 1 induced anti-PspA antibodies that were able to bind to pneumococcal strains carrying both clade 1 and clade 2 PspAs and to induce complement deposition on the surface of the bacteria. In addition, an increase in survival of immunized mice after a systemic challenge with a virulent pneumococcal strain was observed.     

SARS-CoV-2重组S1和S蛋白疫苗诱导保护性免疫的研究*

目的:评价新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)重组S1蛋白和S蛋白疫苗对SARS-CoV-2的免疫保护效果。方法:将SARS-CoV-2重组S1蛋白和S蛋白分别联合氢氧化铝佐剂以0.1 μg/只、1 μg/只、5 μg/只、10 μg/只不同剂量接种6~8周BALB/c纯系健康雌性小鼠。第二次免疫后采血通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中IgG抗体效价,通过假病毒中和试验比较免疫小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株(WT)、英国株(B.1.1.7)、巴西株(P.1)、印度株(B.1.617.2)、Mu毒株(B.1.621)和南非株(501Y.V2-1)六种假病毒毒株中和活性效价,取脾细胞通过酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISpot)检测免疫小鼠的细胞免疫水平。结果:SARS-CoV-2重组S和S1蛋白都能诱导小鼠产生较强的IgG抗体水平。免疫S1蛋白的小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显的中和活性,免疫S蛋白的小鼠血清除了对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显中和活性之外,对印度株也有明显的中和活性,两种蛋白质免疫的小鼠血清均对野生型株中和效果最强。S蛋白免疫的小鼠脾细胞能够显著诱导出γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素-4(IL-4)的产生。S蛋白诱导产生的IgG抗体、中和抗体、细胞免疫水平均高于S1。结论:SARS-CoV-2重组S蛋白疫苗能够诱导产生较强的保护性免疫应答。     

猪细小病毒VP2与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在干酪乳杆菌表面共表达

将分别编码猪细小病毒(PPV)主要免疫保护性抗原VP2蛋白与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)基因插入乳酸杆菌细胞表面表达载体pPG中, 成功构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-LTB, 将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393, 获得了表达猪细小病毒VP2-LTB融合蛋白的重组乳酸菌表达系统, 经2%乳糖诱导, SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测表明, 有大小约78 kD的蛋白得到了表达, 具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性, 全细胞ELISA结果表明, LTB同     

Mucosal immunization with a ricin toxin B subunit-rotavirus NSP4 fusion protein stimulates a Th1 lymphocyte response

The castor-oil plant Ricinus communis A-B dimeric toxin B subunit (RTB) was genetically linked at its N-terminus with a 90 amino acid peptide from simian rotavirus SA-11 non-structural protein NSP4(90) and produced in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. Biologically active recombinant NSP4(90)-RTB fusion protein was shown to bind glycoprotein asialofetuin receptor molecules in an in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral inoculation of the purified NSP4(90)-RTB ligand-antigen fusion protein delivered the chimeric protein to intestinal epidermal cells for mucosal immunization against rotavirus infection. Mice fed the NSP4(90)-RTB fusion protein generated higher humoral and intestinal antibody titers than mice inoculated with NSP4(90) alone. Titers of serum IgG2a antibodies were significantly higher than IgG1 titers suggesting a dominant Th1 lymphocyte immune response. ELISA measurement of cytokines secreted from splenocyte isolated from immunized mice confirmed NSP4(90)-RTB fusion protein stimulates a strong Th1 cell-mediated immune response. The experimental results demonstrate that the ricin toxin B subunit N-terminus can be used as a site for delivery of virus antigens to the gut associated lymphoid tissues for RTB-mediated immune stimulation of antiviral mucosal immune responses.     

猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在干酪乳杆菌中的共表达及免疫小鼠特异性抗体的测定

将分别编码猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽和猪细小病毒主要保护性抗原VP2蛋白的重组基因插入干酪乳杆菌分泌型表达载体pPG中,构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-E290,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393,获得了猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的乳酸菌共表达系统,经2%乳糖在MRS培养基中的诱导表达,对诱导表达的菌体及培养上清液进行SDS-PAGE检测表明,有约70kDa蛋白得到了表达,表达蛋白的大小与理论值相符。Western blot分析结果表明所表达的蛋白具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性。以诱导表达上清液作为抗原进行的间接ELISA实验也表明,重组的目的蛋白获得了分泌表达。将该重组干酪乳杆菌经口服接种途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品检测小鼠产生抗PPV的特异性sIgA抗体,采集血液样本检测血清中抗PPV及抗E290的特异性IgG。结果表明分泌型的重组菌pPG-VP2-E290/L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗体水平,为重组猪瘟与猪细小病毒乳酸菌口服活菌疫苗的研制奠定了重要的物质基础。     

Identification and characterization of dominant helper T-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

By using a series of overlapping synthetic peptides covering 98% of the amino acid sequence of the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), four helper T-cell (Th) epitopes (NP11, residues 11 to 25; NP51, residues 51 to 65; NP61, residues 61 to 75; and NP111, residues 111 to 125) in C57BL mice (H-2(b)), four (NP21, residues 21 to 35; NP91, residues 91 to 105; NP331, residues 331 to 345; and NP351, residues 351 to 365) in C3H mice (H-2(k)), and two (NP81, residues 81 to 95; and NP351, residues 351 to 365) in BALB/c mice (H-2(d)) have been identified. All of these peptides were able to stimulate the proliferation of NP-specific T-cell lines or freshly isolated lymph node cells from mice immunized with recombinant NP. Immunization of mice with synthetic peptides containing appropriate Th epitopes elicited strong cellular immunity in vivo, as evidenced by delayed-type hypersensitivity. Priming with the helper peptides (e.g., NP111 and NP351) significantly accelerated the immune response induced by recombinant NP, as determined by the production of NP-specific antibodies. When fused with a conserved neutralizing epitope (SP1143-1157) from the spike protein of SARS-CoV, NP111 and NP351 assisted in the production of high-titer neutralizing antibodies in vivo. These data provide useful insights regarding immunity against SARS-CoV and have the potential to help guide the design of peptide-based vaccines.     

Induction of Immune Responses in Mice after Intragastric Administration of Lactobacillus casei Producing Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Protein

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization against porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection. A 64-kDa fragment of PPV major protective antigen VP2 protein was used as the parvovirus antigen model. A recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein was constructed with plasmid pPG611.1, where expression and localization of the VP2 protein from recombinant Lc393-rPPV-VP2 was detected via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Both local mucosal and systemic immune responses against PPV were induced in BALB/c mice immunized orally with the recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein. The induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on PPV infection. These data indicated that the use of recombinant lactobacilli could be a valuable strategy for future vaccine development of PPV.     

表面展示新城疫病毒部分F蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌的构建及其免疫原性

本研究旨在构建重组干酪乳杆菌pLA-Newcastlediseasevirus (NDV)-F/Lactobacillus casei,获得表达产物,并探讨其免疫效果。利用PCR扩增携带部分主要抗原表位的NDV F基因,与穿梭质粒pLA连接转化至大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中,筛选阳性重组质粒,将其电转化至干酪乳杆菌中,构建重组干酪乳杆菌pLA-NDV-F/L. casei,应用PCR鉴定阳性菌株,Western blotting鉴定重组菌反应原性,间接免疫荧光、流式细胞术和激光共聚焦检测蛋白表达情况。试验选用14日龄雏鸡,各组免疫方式为口服+滴鼻。设立pLA-NDV-F/L. casei两次免疫组和三次免疫组、弱毒疫苗组、 pLA/L.casei、未攻毒PBS组和攻毒PBS组。间接ELISA方法检测雏鸡血清IgG、肠道、鼻腔、肺脏中sIgA抗体效价,评价试验组雏鸡攻毒保护率。结果表明,有94.10%的重组菌表达了F蛋白,且高效表达在干酪乳杆菌细胞表面,蛋白大小为62kDa,并能与抗NDV阳性血清特异性结合。各免疫组anti-F IgG和s Ig A抗体水平显著高于对照组,p LA-NDV-F/L. casei三次免疫组抗体持续时间比两次免疫组延长28 d,抗体峰值没有显著差异。免疫pLA-NDV-F/L. casei三次、两次、弱毒疫苗、pLA/L. casei和PBS的攻击保护率分别为80%、80%、90%、0%和0%。因此,利用干酪乳杆菌表达体系成功表达了携带部分抗原表位的NDVF基因,具备良好的反应原性和免疫原性,可诱导机体产生保护性免疫应答。     

重组GFP干酪乳杆菌的构建及其在小鼠肠道内的定植分布

【目的】研究重组干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)在小鼠肠道内定植能力及分布规律。【方法】利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因作为报告基因,构建pgsA基因与GFP的融合基因载体pLA-GFP,电转化到乳酸杆菌中,得到阳性重组菌。将重组菌以每只109mL-1的量,口服接种SPF级BALB/c小鼠,分别于口服后的1.5h、3h、12h、1d、3d、5d、6d、7d之后取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠的肠道冲洗液,通过平板菌落计数法检测肠道内的重组干酪乳杆菌。【结果】Western blot结果显示约69kDa的融合蛋白在乳酸菌中得到了正确的表达;重组菌在蓝紫光激发下,发出绿色荧光。小鼠口服重组菌后能在肠道黏膜的不同部位以一定的比例存活并附着在肠黏膜表面,口服6d后达到定植高峰期,7d后在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠定植率分别占第1天的16.49%、25.08%、47.71%、41.03%。【结论】GFP在干酪乳杆菌中得到了稳定的表达,且在小鼠肠道内具有良好的定植能力,定植规律回肠盲肠空肠十二指肠,这为研究乳酸杆菌作为口服疫苗抗原递送载体及其对小鼠肠道免疫机理提供试验基础。     

Production of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particles by recombinant Lactobacillus casei cells

Infections with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) are closely associated with the development of human cervical carcinoma, which is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women worldwide. At present, the most promising vaccine against HPV-16 infection is based on the L1 major capsid protein, which self-assembles in virus-like particles (VLPs). In this work, we used a lactose-inducible system based on the Lactobacillus casei lactose operon promoter (plac) for expression of the HPV-16 L1 protein in L. casei. Expression was confirmed by Western blotting, and an electron microscopy analysis of L. casei expressing L1 showed that the protein was able to self-assemble into VLPs intracellularly. The presence of conformational epitopes on the L. casei-produced VLPs was confirmed by immunofluorescence using the anti-HPV-16 VLP conformational antibody H16.V5. Moreover, sera from mice that were subcutaneously immunized with L. casei expressing L1 reacted with Spodoptera frugiperda-produced HPV-16 L1 VLPs, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The production of L1 VLPs by Lactobacillus opens the possibility for development of new live mucosal prophylactic vaccines.     

Antigenic and immunogenic characterization of recombinant baculovirus-expressed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein: implication for vaccine design

The spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the receptor interaction and immune recognition and is considered a major target for vaccine design. However, its antigenic and immunogenic properties remain to be elucidated. In this study, we immunized mice with full-length S protein (FL-S) or its extracellular domain (EC-S) expressed by recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells. We found that the immunized mice developed high titers of anti-S antibodies with potent neutralizing activities against SARS pseudoviruses constructed with the S proteins of Tor2, GD03T13, and SZ3, the representative strains of 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 human SARS-CoV and palm civet SARS-CoV, respectively. These data suggest that the recombinant baculovirus-expressed S protein vaccines possess excellent immunogenicity, thereby inducing highly potent neutralizing responses against human and animal SARS-CoV variants. The antigenic structure of the S protein was characterized by a panel of 38 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from the immunized mice. The epitopes of most anti-S MAbs (32 of 38) were localized within the S1 domain, and those of the remaining 6 MAbs were mapped to the S2 domain. Among the anti-S1 MAbs, 17 MAbs targeted the N-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 12 to 327), 9 MAbs recognized the receptor-binding domain (RBD; aa 318 to 510), and 6 MAbs reacted with the C-terminal region of S1 domain that contains the major immunodominant site (aa 528 to 635). Strikingly, all of the RBD-specific MAbs had potent neutralizing activity, 6 of which efficiently blocked the receptor binding, confirming that the RBD contains the main neutralizing epitopes and that blockage of the receptor association is the major mechanism of SARS-CoV neutralization. Five MAbs specific for the S1 N-terminal region exhibited moderate neutralizing activity, but none of the MAbs reacting with the S2 domain and the major immunodominant site in S1 showed neutralizing activity. All of the neutralizing MAbs recognize conformational epitopes. These data provide important information for understanding the antigenicity and immunogenicity of S protein and for designing SARS vaccines. This panel of anti-S MAbs can be used as tools for studying the structure and function of the SARS-CoV S protein.     

Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei-Displayed CTA1-Conjugated Consensus Matrix Protein-2 (sM2) Induces Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes in BALB/c Mice

To develop a safe and effective mucosal vaccine against pathogenic influenza viruses, we constructed recombinant Lactobacillus casei strains that express conserved matrix protein 2 with (pgsA-CTA1-sM2/L. casei) or without (pgsA-sM2/L. casei) cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) on the surface. The surface localization of the fusion protein was verified by cellular fractionation analyses, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Oral and nasal inoculations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA. However, the conjugation of cholera toxin subunit A1 induced more potent mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In a challenge test with 10 MLD₅₀ of A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), A/Aquatic bird /Korea/W81/2005(H5N2), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W44/2005(H7N3), and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) viruses, the recombinant pgsA-CTA1-sM2/L. casei provided better protection against lethal challenges than pgsA-sM2/L. casei, pgsA/L. casei and PBS in mice. These results indicate that mucosal immunization with recombinant L. casei expressing CTA1-conjugated sM2 protein on its surface is an effective means of eliciting protective immune responses against diverse influenza subtypes.     

A single amino acid substitution (R441A) in the receptor-binding domain of SARS coronavirus spike protein disrupts the antigenic structure and binding activity

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has two major functions: interacting with the receptor to mediate virus entry and inducing protective immunity. Coincidently, the receptor-binding domain (RBD, residues 318-510) of SAR-CoV S protein is a major antigenic site to induce neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used RBD-Fc, a fusion protein containing the RBD and human IgG1 Fc, as a model in the studies and found that a single amino acid substitution in the RBD (R441A) could abolish the immunogenicity of RBD to induce neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice and rabbits. With a panel of anti-RBD mAbs as probes, we observed that R441A substitution was able to disrupt the majority of neutralizing epitopes in the RBD, suggesting that this residue is critical for the antigenic structure responsible for inducing protective immune responses. We also demonstrated that the RBD-Fc bearing R441A mutation could not bind to soluble and cell-associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and failed to block S protein-mediated pseudovirus entry, indicating that this point mutation also disrupted the receptor-binding motif (RBM) in the RBD. Taken together, these data provide direct evidence to show that a single amino acid residue at key position in the RBD can determine the major function of SARS-CoV S protein and imply for designing SARS vaccines and therapeutics.     

含庚型肝炎病毒E2基因片段质粒DNA能诱发相当强烈的体液免疫应答

研究了庚型肝炎病毒E2(HGV E2)基因片段作为DNA疫苗的可行性。将来自于质粒pThioHis-E2编码HGV E2的基因片段(559bp)亚克隆到质粒pCMV-S中,使之和HBsAg基因位于同一阅读框,形成重组质粒pCMV-S-E2。用纯化的质粒pCMV-S-E2 DNA注射到昆明小鼠后腿四头肌中来免疫小鼠,同时用pCMV-S作为对照。间隔14天再加强一次免疫。在加强免疫后的第8天眼眶取血。用E2—GST融合蛋白作为固定化抗原,通过ELISA检测受试小鼠的体液免疫应答。结果表明,用质粒pCMV-S-EDNA免疫的小鼠可以产生很强的体液免疫应答。     

Recombinant flagellin-PAL fusion protein of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Legionella pneumophila</Emphasis> induced cell-mediated and protective immunity against bacteremia in BALB/c mice

We report a new recombinant fusion protein composed of full-length Legionella pneumophila flagellin A and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL), rFLA-PAL, capable of inducing protective immunity against L. pneumophila. The recombinant protein was over expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) using pET-28a (+) expression vector (pET28a-flaA-pal) and purified by Ni²⁺ exchange chromatography. Immunological properties of rFLA-PAL were assessed in a mouse model. Female BALB/c mice, immunized with rFLA-PAL, exhibited a rapid increase in serum antibody concentration against each of its protein portions. Furthermore, a strong activation of both innate and adaptive cell-mediated immunity was observed as indicated by antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and early production of TNF-α in the serum and in splenocyte cultures which were separately assessed against PAL and FLA. BALB/c mice were challenged with a lethal dose of L. pneumophila intravenously. In a 10-days follow-up after intravenous lethal challenge with L. pneumophila, a 100% survival rate was observed for mice immunized with rFLA-PAL, same as for those immunized with a sublethal dose of L. pneumophila. Based on the potent immune responses observed in mice immunized with rFLA-PAL, this recombinant fusion protein could be a potential vaccine candidate against the intracellular pathogen L. pneumophila.     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)58型DNA疫苗免疫原性的初步分析

为了检测HPV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗的免疫原性,以pcDNA3.1为载体分别构建含HFV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗,命名为L1h、L1h△c、L1S、L1SM和L1wt.用免疫印迹法检测各DNA疫苗的体外表达情况;各重组质粒与pcDNA3.1-h58L2和pcDNA3.1-GFP共转染293FT细胞,检测其形成假病毒的能力;并将各DNA疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠,利用假病毒中和实验检测中和抗体水平,用ELISPOT检测细胞免疫情况.结果显示,本实验成功构建了五种DNA疫苗,L1h△c的体外表达量最高,L1S和L1SM的表达量次之,L1wt没有表达;重组质粒L1S能够形成假病毒,而其他四种重组质粒均不能形成假病毒.L1S和L1h均可在小鼠体内诱导中和抗体,但L1S诱导的中和抗体的平均滴度为1:6 400,明显高于L1h诱导的中和抗体水平(平均滴度为1:48),而其他疫苗在小鼠体内未产生中和抗体.对五种疫苗均未检测出特异性的细胞免疫反应.结果提示,体外能够组装成假病毒的DNA疫苗在免疫动物后可诱导高滴度的中和抗体,为今后DNA疫苗的筛选提供参考.