Ricerche Comparate Sulla Morfologia e Sulla Fisiologia di Larix e di Picea

Abstract

Comparative researches on morphology and physiology of PICEA and LARIX. The chlorophyll content of seeds and seedlings during germinations in darkness. — Very different are the chlorophyll contents of the seeds and the seedlings of Picea excelsa and Larix decidua grown in darkness.

In Picea chlorophyll is abundantly synthetized in cotyledons in the passage from seed to seedling stages. In Larix however this synthesis is very poor. These differences are more evident after the outgrowth of cotyledons from the primary endosperm and its exhaustion.

If seedlings of both species are exposed to 3.000 lux of light intensity for 24 hours, after development in darkness, one can observe much stronger chlorophyll synthesis in Larix cotyledons than icea.

These figures quanti atively express the different light-dipendence of chlorophyll synthesis in these two plants and offer a more adherent interpretation of the different ecological behaviours that are caracteristic of these two plants.     

Sulla presenza di batteri nei vari organi delle piante superiori

Summary

In close agreement with Schanderl's findings it is shown that bacterial cultures may be obtained from the most different parts of non-Leguminous plants representing several families of higher plants. These bacteria, isolated from parts of higher plants, do not seem to be identical with the ones inducing nodules in Leguminous plants.     

Sulla presenza nell'Italia meridionale di alcune alghe marine bentoniche rare per il Mediterraneo

Abstract

On the occurrence in Southern Italy of some benthic marine algae rare to the Mediterranean Sea. - The Authors report the occurrence along the coast of Southern Italy of the following species that resulted rare to the Mediterranean Sea: Antithamnion piliferum Cormaci et Furnari; Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. Agardh (tetrasporophyte); Corynophlaea flaccida Kuetzing; Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe: of this very common species, the occurrence of thalli with propagules is reported; Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh; Jania adherens Lamouroux, new to Italy; Mesogloia lanosa P.L. et H.M. Crouan, new to Italy; Pneophyllum confervicolum (Kuetzing) Chamberlain f. minutulum (Foslie) Chamberlain, new to the Mediterranean Sea; Polystrata fosliei (Weber van Bosse) Denizot, new to Italy; Rhodymenia delicatula Dangeard; Spermothamnion johannis G. Feldmann-Mazoyer: of this common species, the occurrence of bisporocysts in monoic gametophytes is reported; Vickersia baccata (J. Agardh) Karsakoff.     

Sulla presenza e numero degli Actinomiceti nel terreno agrario in rapporte alle diverse stagioni dell'anno

Riassunto Con riferimento ad una osservazione diHiltner eStörmer's si conferma che, anche nei terreni italiani il numero degli Actinomiceti tende ad essere massimo durate il periodo autunnale.

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Summary With reference to one observation ofHiltner andStörmer, according the author also in italian soils, the numer of Actinomycetes (ray-fungi) approach to be the greatest during the autumnal period.

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Zusammenfassung Mit Berücksichtigung auf eineHiltner undStörmer's Beobachtung betätigt Verf., dass auch bei den italienischen Boden die Zahl der Aktinomyceten höchst in der Erbstperiode zu sein pflegt.

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Sumario Con riferimiento a una observación deHiltner yStrmer, el Author conferme que, también en los suelos italianos, el numero de los Actinomicetos inclinase a ser el máximo durante el periodo de otoõno.

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Resumé Selon une observation deHiltner etStörmer, confirmé par l'Auteur aussi pour les sols italiens, le numéro des Actinomycètes tend être au maximum pendant la saison d'automne.

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Diamo ben volontieri ospitalità a questp studio che, a prima vista, può sembrare non avere diretto rappprto con la micopatologia umana, in quanto viene sempre più facendosi strada la convinzione che il grande Serbatoio di tutte le forme actinomicosiche, incluse quelle patogene per 1'uomq, d'altronde ancora poco chiaramente discriminate da quelle saprofite o da quelle parasssite per le sole piante, sia proprio il suolo. In tal modo questo studio potrà averre qualche interfesse per l'epidemiologia di alcune forme actinomicosiche umane ed animali.     

Osservazioni Sulla Germinazione Asimbiotica e Simbiotica di Alcune Orchidee

Abstract

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites, which play important roles in the physiology of plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), anthocyanins are normally synthesized only in vegetative tissues. M375 is a mutant unable to produce anthocyanins in leaves and stems. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in M375 and in its genetic background, Alice, in order to find out where the anthocyanin biosynthesis is blocked, along the pathway, in the mutant. Anthocyanins accumulation was enhanced by sucrose only in the wild type, even though the expression of several genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was normal in both the genotypes. Genes coding for the final steps along the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were, however, less expressed in the M375 when compared to the wild type.     

Althenia Filiformis Petit: Azione Della Temperatura e Dell'Acqua di Mare Sulla Germinazione

Abstract

Effects of temperature and sea water on germination behaviour of Althenia filiformis Petit seeds. - Germination capacity and energy of Althenia filiformis Petit seeds have been investigated, 90 and 180 days after ripening, to carry out a preliminary study on ecology of this species.

This species, halophite and hydrophyte, is spreaded along the coast shores of middle-west mediterranean sea and atlantic shores of Morocco, Spain, Portugal and France.

Seeds were soaked in the dark, at 10°, 20°, 30°C, in solutions at different salt concentration: sea water; sea water diluted in deionized water at ratios (v/v) 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8; sea water plus 26 gr/l NaCl; deionized water, as control.

The experimental results show that germination is reduced and delayed when seeds are soaked in progressively concentrated salt solutions; in sea water plus 26 gr/l NaCl seed germination is inhibited.

Seeds pretreated by soaking at 3°C for 10 days in sea water diluted (1:1) by deionized water did not show, when soaked in salt solution at weak and middle concentration, any delay in germination in comparison with unpretreated seeds. On the contrary, pretreated and unpretreated seeds sown in sea water at 30°C had shown, 180 days after ripening, a significant depression in germination values as compared with seeds sown at 20°C.     

Ricerche Sulla Biologia e Le Caratteristiche Zimogene di Saccharomyces Heterogenicus Oster W.

Summary

The Author, in the study of the apple microflora, had the occasion of often isolating Saccharomyces heterogenicus, which had been isolated and formerly described by Osterwalder.

More careful morphological and physiological researches were completed because species worthy of a better illustration was in question, for the importance too it could have in the apple juices fermentation, in consideration of the manifacture of ciders.

The results of the work herein reported, explain some morfo-physiological views of a naturalistic interest and let us infer as to technological views, that Sacch. heterogenicus can find an useful employ for its high zymogen activity, in preparing ciders which are up to these days normally intrusted to the spontaneous fermentation.     

Effetto Dell'attinomicina Sulla Crescita di Alcune Specie di Alghe

Abstract

Action of Actinomycin on the growth of Algae. — Actinomycin C inhibits the growth of two strains of Euglena gracilis, of Chlorella vulgaris, of Prototheca zopfii and of Scenedesmus sp. The growth inhibitory effect is evident on both autotrophically and heterotrophically grown cultures. DNA extracted from C. vulgaris appears to form a complex with Actinomycin C similar to that observed in the case of other organisms.     

Sulla penetrazione di Penicillium digitatum Sacc. e Penicillium italicum Wehmer nei frutti degli agrumi

Summary

The A., with a series of controls and investigations, accomplished on different groups of Oranges and following various forms of artificial infection with Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, renders evident the different reactions that these moulds have with regard to the resistance of the cuticle and the epidermic and under-epidermic stratums of the peel of the controlled fruits. Moreover the A. confirms that both the P. digitatum and the P. italicum can act as «parasite of injury» and as «parasite of contact».     

Sulla organizzazione dello strato granulare esterno e della membrana limitante esterna nella retina di coniglio

Summary The organisation of the outer nuclear layer and the structure of the outer limiting membrane of rabbit retina have been studied. In specimens stained by the Golgi method it was observed that in the outer nuclear layer each Müller cell envelops with its thin lamellar expansions ten to fifteen rod and cone cell bodies.The only cytoplasmic organelles in rod and cone cell bodies are a few free ribosomes and smooth surfaced vesicles. Neurotubules are prominent in the outer and inner fibres of the rods and cones.The processes of the Müller cells are distinctive because of the presence of many glycogen granules and glial filaments. Also present but only found near the outer limiting membrane are mitochondria, occasional centrioles and cilia that lack inner fibres. Long microvilli originate from the Müller cell processes on the scleral side of the outer limiting membrane.The photoreceptor cells on the vitreal side of the outer limiting membrane are completely isolated from each other by glial processes. On the scleral side of the membrane, the inner segments of the photoreceptor cells are not completely isolated by glial processes and so are frequently found in mutual contact. In the outer nuclear layer the granule of each photoreceptor is surrounded by more than one glial process while the fibres are often deeply embedded in a single glial process and provided with a mesofibre.At the level of the outer limiting membrane the visual cells and the glial expansions enveloping them are joined together by a junctional complex formed by a zonula adhaerens interposed between two very short zonulae occludentes. The same junctional complex joins to each other the contiguous expansions of the Müller cells and the mesofibres of the visual elements.     

Ricerche Sulla Cultura Sommersa di Cellule Singole di Piante Superiori

Abstract

Research on submerged culture of single cells of higher plants. — The author describes a method which allows to obtain submerged cultures of single cells of Phaseolus vulgaris and Nicotiana tabacum. The medium composition in macroelements in the culture on agar appears to effect to a great extent the ability of tissues to dissociate into single cells in the subsequent liquid culture. In this respect Heller's solution results to be more suitable than Gautheret's and Hildebrandt and Ri-ker's.

Cells are grown at 24 [ddot]C in 300 ml flasks containing 60 ml of broth on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm.

To prevent contaminations some antibacterial agents were added to cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris. Among these Penicillin and Neomycin were not tossic at 20 and 5 ppm concentrations respectively.

The presence of septa, which are observed also in largely vacuolate cells, seems to confirm the ability of single cells to divide.

The optimum 2,4-D concentration for growth decreases from 6 × 10^-8 to 6 × 10^-8 during successive liquid cultures, each of them being inoculated with on amount of the previous one. This fact, showing the adaptation of liquid cultures to decreasing concentrations of the growth hormone, is in agreement with previous observations in solid cultures by several authors.     

Risultati di Due Anni di Prove Sulla Stimolazione Rizogena in Talee di Vitigni Porta Innesti

Summary

The Author refers to the results of a study performed on the radication of the scion of some of the grafte vine most spread in Sicily.

The experiments were carried out during two years of research and they take into account the orientative findings obtained previously.

Various rhizogenic means were used: three types of Seradix, No 1, 2 and 3, Vitamine B₁ distilled in water at various degrees of concentration, rasping, dipping in distilled water and the relative dry checks not subjected to any treatment.

The following results were obtained which appear significant with regard to the particular pedoclimatic surrounding in which the tests were carried out. The dipping of the scions in water had almost always and sometimes relevant effects. The three types of Seradix did not increase the percentages of radication to any significant degree. The scions treated with Vitamine B₁ have shown significant increments in comparison with the simple tests but not superior, on the whole, to those referring to the treatment with simple water and, in any case, not such as to be translated as a positive action of the Vitamine.