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植物细胞程序性死亡──一个新兴的研究领域(英文) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来,越来越多的证据表明,植物细胞在生理、病理或逆境条件下可发生程序性死亡(ProgrammedCellDeath,PCD)。本文详细描述了植物PCD的形态和生化特征、生理功能及其研究意义,并把这些方面与动物PCD做了比较。另外,虽然植物PCD的研究尚处于起步阶段,本文还是对其可能的信号传导机制、遗传调控以及PCD的起源与进化作了探讨,并提出了植物PCD的研究战略。具体说来有以下几个方面:1.形态和生化特征。目前,植物PCD的研究主要还集中于形态和生化方面的描述。各种条件下的植物PCD在形态和生化特征上都或多或少地与动物细胞凋亡存在差异,并不符合动物细胞凋亡定义的全部内容。并且不同植物PCD类型相互之间也存在着较大的不同。尽管如此,动植物PCD在形态和生化方面还是存在许多相似之处。无炎症反应、DNA的特异片段化以及核酸内切酶和蛋白酶活性的升高在植物中也依然是区别PCD与细胞坏死(necrosis)的形态和生化依据。2.分子水平上,植物PCD也涉及到许多信号分子和特定基基参与调控的信号传导途径。但到目前为止,已分离的与植物PCD直接相关的基因只有ACD2、Dad1等少数几个。尽管已证明一些信号分子如活性氧种 相似文献
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细胞程序性死亡(PCD)对于维持植物的正常生长发育非常重要,目前已成为植物学研究的一个热点。本文综合评述了近年来植物PCD研究的某些进展,包括植物PCD的特征,植物的营养生长、生殖生长以及与环境互作过程中存在的各种PCD及其证据,植物PCD发生的分子机制及其调控等等。对植物PCD研究中有待进一步解决的问题和可能意义提出了自己的见解。 相似文献
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细菌的细胞程序性死亡 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)也称为细胞程序性死亡 (programmedcelldeath ,PCD) ,是由细胞自身的程序性自杀机制激活的细胞死亡现象。在多细胞真核生物中 ,程序性的细胞死亡是由细胞表面的死亡受体介导 ,通过一系列的半胱氨酸蛋白酶 (caspases)作用而启动[1] ,维系个体结构稳定、功能平衡和生长发育所必需的基本生物学过程。一般存在于个体的发育过程中 ,导致细胞功能和形态学上的改变 ,如蛋白质的水解、DNA和RNA的降解、细胞的收缩 ,以及细胞碎裂形成凋亡小体 (apoptoticbodies)等 … 相似文献
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GeneRegulationofProgrammedCellDeathYangJianminLiuLianrui(InstituteofGenetics,AcademiaSinica,Beijing100101)细胞死亡与细胞生长、分化和增殖一样是维持生物体平衡的重要环节。它是生命过程一个重要组成部分,只在近年来才引起生物学家和医学家的重视.细胞死亡现象称为Apoptosis,或称Programmedcelldeath(细胞程序化死亡),也有称为Suicide(细胞自杀现象)。细胞死亡(apoptosis)是在细胞内和细胞外因子的严格控制下~种有步骤有活性的生理性自行消亡过程,正在死亡的细胞形态上发生明显的变化,如胞浆浓缩,原生质膜形… 相似文献
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程序性细胞死亡是一种程序化的主动性细胞死亡,半胱胺酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶家族(在该过程中起着不可忽视的作用.基于Caspase在程序性细胞死亡过程中所起的作用,将程序性细胞死亡分为两大类:Caspase依赖型和Caspase非依赖型.前者即典型的凋亡,后者包括自体吞噬、副凋亡、有丝分裂灾变、凋亡样程序性死亡、坏死样程序性死亡等.这些Caspase非依赖型的细胞程序性死亡途径与生理及病理现象密切相关. 相似文献
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Karl J. Wahlin Raymond A. Enke John A. Fuller Giedrius Kalesnykas Donald J. Zack Shannath L. Merbs 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
Vertebrate genomes undergo epigenetic reprogramming during development and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation plays a key role in cell fate determination in the retina. Despite extensive studies of the programmed cell death that occurs during retinal development and degeneration, little is known about how DNA methylation might regulate neuronal cell death in the retina.Methods
The developing chicken retina and the rd1 and rhodopsin-GFP mouse models of retinal degeneration were used to investigate programmed cell death during retinal development and degeneration. Changes in DNA methylation were determined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC).Results
Punctate patterns of hypermethylation paralleled patterns of caspase3-dependent apoptotic cell death previously reported to occur during development in the chicken retina. Degenerating rd1 mouse retinas, at time points corresponding to the peak of rod cell death, showed elevated signals for 5mC and 5hmC in photoreceptors throughout the retina, with the most intense staining observed in the peripheral retina. Hypermethylation of photoreceptors in rd1 mice was associated with TUNEL and PAR staining and appeared to be cCaspase3-independent. After peak rod degeneration, during the period of cone death, occasional hypermethylation was observed in the outer nuclear layer.Conclusion
The finding that cell-specific increases of 5mC and 5hmC immunostaining are associated with the death of retinal neurons during both development and degeneration suggests that changes in DNA methylation may play a role in modulating gene expression during the process of retinal degeneration. During retinal development, hypermethylation of retinal neurons associates with classical caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as caspase-3 independent cell death, while hypermethylation in the rd1 mouse photoreceptors is primarily associated with caspase-3 independent programmed cell death. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized role for epigenetic mechanisms in the onset and/or progression of programed cell death in the retina. 相似文献13.
Akpevwe Onoyovwe Jillian M. Hagel Xue Chen Morgan F. Khan David C. Schriemer Peter J. Facchini 《The Plant cell》2013,25(10):4110-4122
Immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics were used to establish the cell type–specific localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Polyclonal antibodies for each of six enzymes involved in converting (R)-reticuline to morphine detected corresponding antigens in sieve elements of the phloem, as described previously for all upstream enzymes transforming (S)-norcoclaurine to (S)-reticuline. Validated shotgun proteomics performed on whole-stem and latex total protein extracts generated 2031 and 830 distinct protein families, respectively. Proteins corresponding to nine morphine biosynthetic enzymes were represented in the whole stem, whereas only four of the final five pathway enzymes were detected in the latex. Salutaridine synthase was detected in the whole stem, but not in the latex subproteome. The final three enzymes converting thebaine to morphine were among the most abundant active latex proteins despite a limited occurrence in laticifers suggested by immunofluorescence labeling. Multiple charge isoforms of two key O-demethylases in the latex were revealed by two-dimensional immunoblot analysis. Salutaridine biosynthesis appears to occur only in sieve elements, whereas conversion of thebaine to morphine is predominant in adjacent laticifers, which contain morphine-rich latex. Complementary use of immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics has substantially resolved the cellular localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy. 相似文献
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细胞程序死亡是多细胞生物体在内源发育信号或外源环境信号作用下在特定时间和空间发生的细胞死亡过程, 在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。该文介绍了植物细胞程序死亡类型的几种划分方法、植物发育性细胞程序死亡研究常用的实验体系, 并着重概述有关植物发育性细胞程序死亡发生机制的研究进展。 相似文献
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A redox imbalance caused by an over-production of prooxidants or a decrease in antioxidants seems to play a role in the programmed cell death that occurs in various developmental programs. Such a physiological function for oxidative stress is particularly applicable to the immune system, wherein individual lymphocytes undergo continuous scrutiny to determine if they should be preserved or programmed to die. Following activation, lymphocytes produced increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may serve as intracellular signaling molecules. The ultimate outcome of this increased ROS formation, i.e., lymphocyte proliferation versus programmed cell death, may be dictated by macrophage-derived costimulatory molecules that bolster or diminish lymphocyte antioxidant defenses. HIV-1-infected individuals display multiple symptoms of redox imbalance consistent with their being in oxidative stress, and lymphocytes from such individuals are more prone to undergo apoptosis in vitro. It is suggested that oxidative stress is a physiological mediator of programmed cell death in lymphoid cells, and that HIV disease represents an extreme case of what can happen when regulatory safeguards are compromised. 相似文献
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细胞自噬是真核生物中一种由液泡或溶酶体介导的, 对细胞内物质进行周转的重要代谢机制。在植物中, 细胞自噬作为一种重要的降解手段, 参与营养物质的重新分配、受损蛋白和细胞器的清除及生物和非生物胁迫的响应等过程。此外, 细胞自噬在各种程序性细胞死亡中也起着重要作用, 该文主要综述了近几年来在此方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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研究程序化细胞死亡的科学方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用科学认识论和方法论,围绕2002年诺贝尔生理医学奖,讨论了程序化细胞死亡的研究过程及方法特点,得出了几点重要结论,对于未来生物学新现象的探索具有积极作用。 相似文献
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陈昭烈 《中国生物工程杂志》1998,18(6):16-19
细胞培养过程中的细胞凋亡是细胞受环境因素的影响而发生的现象。随着对细胞凋亡的分子生物学和细胞生物学了解的深入,显示了有效地控制动物细胞培养中细胞凋亡的巨大潜力。包括采用DNA重组技术把抗细胞凋亡的基因导入细胞和在培基中加入具有抗细胞凋亡的生存因子或化合物等手段已用于控制细胞培养过程中的细胞凋亡。这些技术将大大延长细胞达到饱和密度后的培养时间,提高细胞培养系统的生产效率。 相似文献
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活性氧与植物细胞编程性死亡 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在各种条件诱导的植物细胞编程性死亡(PCD)过程中都有活性氧的参与,H2O2和O2可能是参与PCD调节的最重要的活性氧.文中概述了活性氧与植物细胞编程性死亡的关系以及活性氧的生成调节和与其它一些信号物质之间可能的相互作用. 相似文献