22例SARS感染愈后连续5年特异性IgG抗体随访分析

为分析SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)IgG抗体在SARS感染康复者体内的持久性与变化,本研究自2004年3月开始,每年采集北京地区SARS感染康复者血清标本,采用商品化的冠状病毒(变异株)IgG抗体间接ELISA检测试剂盒,对其中22名SARS康复者中的SARS-CoVIgG抗体进行连续五年随访检测与分析。结果表明:在愈后第1年,所有血清SARS-IgG抗体皆为阳性。第2、3年处于平台期,滴度仍维持较高的水平。第4年抗体滴度有明显下降趋势。第5年IgG抗体基本转阴。研究发现SARS-CoVIgG抗体可维持3年以上,第4年之后明显下降。本研究为SARS感染诊断与防治、免疫应答及疫苗效力评价等提供了重要依据。     

SLE患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体阳性原因分析

为了探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)抗体测定在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中的假阳性问题,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了66例正常对照和31例SLE患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体的阳性率。结果,66例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3.0%(2/66);31例SLE患者中,IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性率分别为29%(9/31)和58.1%(18/31),IgG抗体和IgM抗体同时阳性为22.6%(7/31)。经RTPCR检测,上述阳性病例均为阴性。结论:用非纯化抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定SLE患者的SARS-CoV抗体,可能出现假阳性,两种抗体同时测定可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。在SLE患者中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

单克隆抗体夹心ELISA检测SARS病毒抗原的研究

目的:建立单克隆抗体(McAb)夹心ELISA法,用于检测SARS病毒(SARS-CoV)抗原。方法:用间接夹心ELISA法筛选捕捉和标记用单克隆抗体的组合,采用过碘酸钠法标记辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),优化后用于检测SARS-CoV。结果:从12株抗SARS-CoV鼠单克隆抗体中筛选出2A3/1C5组合用于捕捉SARS-CoV,1A5/1B4组合标记HRP作为指示抗体。优化后2A3/1C5的最适工作浓度为1∶4000,HRP-1A5/1B4的最适工作浓度为1∶2000。本方法检测SARS-CoV的敏感度为105pfu/mL。结论:单克隆抗体夹心ELISA法可特异性检测SARS-CoV抗原。     

SARS灭活病毒免疫兔后IgG特异抗体应答

将灭活的SARS冠状病毒抗原每隔两周多点注射免疫兔,共免疫3次,以观察SARS灭活病毒免疫兔后兔血清中IgG特异性抗体的应答变化。免疫前及第一次免疫后第8、14、21、28、35天耳静脉取血,分离血清。间接ELISA法测得血清中特异性IgG抗体持续升高,并表现出一定的剂量依赖性：第35天G1、G2、G3组血清IgG抗体滴度分别为1：51200、1：49600、1：25600;中和试验测得G1组第28天血清样品中和抗体效价为1：2560;蛋白芯片测得M、N、3CI,、S1、S2、S3、S4等病毒蛋白抗原都可特异性结合抗血清中的IgG抗体,但是不同蛋白抗原结合能力有差别。因此可认为SARS灭活病毒经皮下注射免疫兔后,可诱导全身性IgG抗体应答,产生SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体。     

应用病毒感染细胞酶联免疫吸附试验检测肾综合征出血热病毒抗原和抗体

应用病毒感染细胞酶联免疫吸附试验(VIC-ELISA)检测肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)感染性滴度比双抗体间接ELISA和间接免疫荧光法(IFA)分别敏感10倍和100倍。VIC-ELISA检测兔抗HFRSV抗体的滴度比双抗体间接夹心ELISA和IFA分别敏感1.6倍和8倍。VIC-ELISA能敏感、快速、有效地检测HFRSV抗原和抗体。     

SARS冠状病毒M蛋白的原核表达及其DNA疫苗构建

为探讨SARS-CoV的M蛋白的免疫学特性以及M蛋白作为SARS-CoV病毒疫苗组分的可行性和必要性.分别用pET-15b和pET-22b在大肠杆菌中表达SARS-CoV的M蛋白,亲和层析纯化后作为抗原应用.同时,将M蛋白的编码基因克隆进分泌型真核表达载体pSecTagB中得到重组质粒pSecM作为DNA疫苗,免疫BALB/c小白鼠、制备SARS-CoV M蛋白的抗血清.并用纯化后的M蛋白建立的SARS-CoV M抗体ELISA检测技术研究所构建的M-DNA疫苗的免疫效果.结果表明:两种重组M蛋白在大肠杆菌中均以可溶性形式得到高效表达,经与华大产的用灭活SARS全病毒制备的SARS-CoV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒比较实验,证明该原核表达的重组M蛋白能与SARS确诊病人血清以及M-DNA免疫鼠血清发生特异性抗原抗体反应.这两种重组M蛋白有可能作为抗原组分用于临床SARS-CoV检测中;所构建的SARS-CoV的M基因核酸疫苗能在小鼠体内产生特异性抗体,提示M蛋白在SARS-CoV疫苗尤其是组分疫苗的研制中应加以考虑,为DNA疫苗的开发提供了依据.     

SARS冠状病毒M蛋白的原核表达及其DNA疫苗构建

为探讨SARS-CoV的M蛋白的免疫学特性以及M蛋白作为SARS-CoV病毒疫苗组分的可行性和必要性.分别用pET-15b和pET-22b在大肠杆菌中表达SARS-CoV的M蛋白,亲和层析纯化后作为抗原应用.同时,将M蛋白的编码基因克隆进分泌型真核表达载体pSecTagB中得到重组质粒pSecM作为DNA疫苗,免疫BALB/c小白鼠、制备SARS-CoV M蛋白的抗血清.并用纯化后的M蛋白建立的SARS-CoV M抗体ELISA检测技术研究所构建的M-DNA疫苗的免疫效果.结果表明两种重组M蛋白在大肠杆菌中均以可溶性形式得到高效表达,经与华大产的用灭活SARS全病毒制备的SARS-CoV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒比较实验,证明该原核表达的重组M蛋白能与SARS确诊病人血清以及M-DNA免疫鼠血清发生特异性抗原抗体反应.这两种重组M蛋白有可能作为抗原组分用于临床SARS-CoV检测中;所构建的SARS-CoV的M基因核酸疫苗能在小鼠体内产生特异性抗体,提示M蛋白在SARS-CoV疫苗尤其是组分疫苗的研制中应加以考虑,为DNA疫苗的开发提供了依据.     

真核表达纯化的SARS-CoV-2 N蛋白在不同人群血清检测中的应用性能分析

通过真核系统表达纯化新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的全长核衣壳蛋白（Nucleocapsid protein,N蛋白）,分析其抗原性与应用性能。将SARS-CoV-2 N蛋白表达质粒转染HEK-293T细胞后,通过Western Blot和免疫荧光验证蛋白表达以及表达定位。对N蛋白进行纯化后,通过Western Blot和ELISA并采用多种血清样本（WHO参比品血清、正常人血清、新冠灭活疫苗接种后血清、新冠感染者恢复期血清）对该N蛋白在血清抗体检测中的应用性能进行分析。比较真核系统与原核系统表达的N蛋白抗原性上的差异,并分析基于真核系统表达N蛋白构建的IgG抗体ELISA检测体系与获批的商品化新冠RBD (Receptor binding domain)IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂盒及用于检测中和抗体的活病毒微量中和试验结果间的相关性。结果显示,真核系统表达的全长N蛋白主要定位于胞质,作为抗原检测新冠IgG抗体,具有比原核系统表达的N蛋白更高的检测灵敏度。针对新冠感染者恢复期血清,基于哺乳动物细胞表达的N蛋白构建的ELISA体系检测的IgG抗体滴度与试剂盒检测的RBD-IgG抗...     

SARS冠状病毒结构蛋白在血清学诊断中潜在应用价值的比较

为了确定特异的SARS抗体检测抗原,比较了SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)主要结构蛋白与SARS患者血清的反应性。从SARS死亡患者的肺组织提取的总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR技术分别扩增S、N、M和E4种结构蛋白基因,对3种S截短突变体和N、M、E的重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中进行表达。以表达的蛋白为抗原,应用Western blot跟踪检测11例SARS患者血清54份。结果显示：SARS—CoV的重组N蛋白和s蛋白有很强的抗原性,s蛋白的3个区段的抗原性强弱存在差异,S3抗原性强于S1和s2;在患病第1周、2周、3周及3周以上,N蛋白和s3蛋白抗体检出率分别为40％、65。2％、100％、100％和40％、61％、76.2％、100％;提示SARS-CoV重组N蛋白和S3蛋白在SARS的血清学诊断中有一定的应用价值。     

SARS病毒快速检测膜研制

建立一种快速检测严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的方法。从SARS冠状病毒刺突蛋白基因中扩增出羧基端片段,克隆并表达。用经Ni-NTA树脂纯化的表达蛋白作为抗原包被硝酸纤维素膜,捕获感染SARS病人血清中的抗体。抗原抗体通过渗滤在膜上反应,5min肉眼即可观察到结果。通过比较不同试剂用量条件下的结果确定检测抗原的最佳浓度。通过本产品检测已经过ELISA验证的50份血清样品证明两种检测结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与ELISA相比,该检测方法特异性、灵敏性几乎相当,但具有简单、快速、成本低廉等ELISA所无法比拟的优点,适合于初步诊断和流行病学调查。     

Detection of antibodies against SARS-Coronavirus using recombinant truncated nucleocapsid proteins by ELISA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a lifethreatening emerging respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV is highly antigenic and may be a suitable candidate for diagnostic applications. We constructed truncated recombinant N proteins (N1 [1-422 aa], N2 [1- 109 aa], and N3 [110-422 aa]) and determined their antigenicity by Western blotting using convalescent SARS serum. The recombinants containing N1 and N3 reacted with convalescent SARS serum in Western blotting. However, the recombinant with N2 did not. In ELISA using N1 or N3 as the antigens, positive results were observed in 10 of 10 (100%) SARS-CoV-positive human sera. None of 50 healthy sera gave positive results in either assay. These data indicate that the ELISA using N1 or N3 has high sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that the middle or C-terminal region of the SARS N protein is important for eliciting antibodies against SARS-CoV during the immune response, and ELISA reactions using N1 or N3 may be a valuable tool for SARS diagnosis.     

DNA vaccine of SARS-Cov S gene induces antibody response in mice

The spike (S) protein, a main surface antigen of SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), is one of themost important antigen candidates for vaccine design. In the present study, three fragments of the truncated S protein were expressed in E. coli, and analyzed with pooled sera of convalescence phase of SARS patients. The full length S gene DNA vaccine was constructed and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The mouse serum IgG antibody against SARS-CoV was measured by ELISA with E. coli expressed truncated S protein or SARS-CoV lysate as diagnostic antigen. The results showed that all the three fragments of S protein expressed by E. coli was able to react with sera of SARS patients and the S gene DNA candidate vaccine could induce the production of specific IgG antibody against SARS-CoV efficiently in mice with seroconversion ratio of 75% after 3 times of immunization. These findings lay some foundations for further understanding the immunology of SARS-CoV and developing SARS vaccines.     

血中检测SARS冠状病毒N蛋白在SARS实验室早期诊断中的作用

为明确严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)冠状病毒N蛋白在SARS实验室早期诊断中的作用,通过微量中和试验及酶联免疫方法、间接免疫荧光法检测疑似病人恢复期血清(大于28天)中SARS-IgG抗体,确诊SARS患者。同时收集发病不同时期SARS及普通发热病人血清,利用酶联免疫方法检测SARS-CoVN蛋白,并与荧光定量PCR早期诊断方法相比较。共检测：广州地区2003年12月～2004．年1月新发4例确诊SARS患者不同时期的血液和咽漱液标本;恢复期血清SARS-CoV中和抗体阳性病人不同时期的血清46份;广州地区2003年1月～4月临床确诊SARS患者159例的血清和56例疑似患者血清;非SARS普通发热病人血清97份;正常人体检血清100份。结果：4例新发SARS患者的不同时期标本中,3例患者急性期血均检出N蛋白,优于常用的荧光定量PCR检测方法。46份SARS-CoV中和抗体阳性的血清标本,N蛋白检出率为100％。159例临床确诊病例中,发病早期5天以内SARS-CoVN蛋白的检出率为92．3％,随后呈现逐步下降的趋势,在发病第18天仍可检出。56例临床疑似患者发病早期也有23．2％检出率。而97例普通发热病人及100份正常人血清中均未能检测出SARS-CoVN蛋白。表明在血清中检测SARS冠状病毒N蛋白的方法敏感性和特异性都好,对SARS实验室早期诊断具有重要作用。     

Development of immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The clinical characteristics are high fever, rapidly progressive diffuse pneumonitis and respiratory distress. It is highly infectious through intimate contact or direct contact with infectious body fluids. Outbreaks within communities and hospitals have been reported. Development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools is urgently needed. We developed an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using whole virus antigen of SARS-CoV. Eighty-six serum samples collected from patients who were hospitalized for other causes were examined to determine the cut-off O.D. value. The cut-off O.D. value was defined as 0.175 by calculating the mean O.D. value of the 86 sera plus 3 standard deviations. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA, 56 positive sera and 204 negative sera were tested. The sensitivity was 96.4% and the specificity was 100%. The results suggest that the IgG ELISA using whole virus antigen of SARS-CoV has a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS IgG antibodies. This IgG ELISA is a powerful tool for serodiagnosis of SARS.     

The epitope study on the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein

The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) has been found to be an antigenic protein in a number of coronaviruses. Whether the N protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is antigenic remains to be elucidated. Using Western blot and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), the recombinant N proteins and the synthesized peptides derived from the N protein were screened in sera from SARS patients. All patient sera in this study displayed strong positive immunoreactivities against the recombinant N proteins, whereas normal sera gave negative immunoresponses to these proteins, indicating that the N protein of SARS-CoV is an antigenic protein. Furthermore, the epitope sites in the N protein were determined by competition experiments, in which the recombinant proteins or the synthesized peptides competed against the SARS-CoV proteins to bind to the antibodies raised in SARS sera. One epitope site located at the C-terminus was confirmed as the most antigenic region in this prot     

Isolation and identification of an scFv antibody against nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV

To develop reagents for early diagnosis and therapeutic drugs against SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a large (3 x 10(9)) immunized human antibody library was constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six SARS convalescent patients. A single chain variable fragment antibody (N18) with high affinity against N protein of SARS-CoV was isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that the VL gene was composed of VL3h (V lambda subgroup) and JL2 regions and the VH gene was composed of VH1-69 (VH1 subgroup), D2-15, D3-22 and JH6 regions. Soluble N18 antibody was expressed in Escherichia coli HB2151, purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The potential application for early diagnosis was evaluated using N protein capture ELISA in which N18 antibody demonstrated high sensitive activity in detecting N protein of SARS-CoV. Finally, the potential usefulness of the N18 antibody in prophylaxis, vaccine design and therapy of SARS is discussed.     

Generation and characterization of DNA vaccines targeting the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious threat to public health and the economy on a global scale. The SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the etiological agent for SARS. Thus, vaccination against SARS-CoV may represent an effective approach to controlling SARS. DNA vaccines are an attractive approach for SARS vaccine development, as they offer many advantages over conventional vaccines, including stability, simplicity, and safety. Our investigators have previously shown that DNA vaccination with antigen linked to calreticulin (CRT) dramatically enhances major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of linked antigen to CD8(+) T cells. In this study, we have employed this CRT-based enhancement strategy to create effective DNA vaccines using SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein as a target antigen. Vaccination with naked CRT/N DNA generated the most potent N-specific humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice among all of the DNA constructs tested. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with CRT/N DNA were capable of significantly reducing the titer of challenging vaccinia virus expressing the N protein of the SARS virus. These results show that a DNA vaccine encoding CRT linked to a SARS-CoV antigen is capable of generating strong N-specific humoral and cellular immunity and may potentially be useful for control of infection with SARS-CoV.     

临床应用重组SARS病毒双抗原夹心诊断试剂盒的检测效果评价

严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiralory syndrome,SARS)的临床表现为非典型性肺炎.继加拿大首次完成SARS病毒株Tor2的全基因组测序后[1],世界卫生组织(WTO)宣布一种新型的冠状病毒(coronavirus)是引发SARS的病原体[2,3].由于SARS具有极强的传染性和较高的病死率(5%～15%),且早期疾病体征较难与某些非SARS病毒引起的非典型肺炎相区分[4],由此导致大量疑似病例无法确诊,以及因误诊引起的交叉感染给人们造成巨大的心理压力和社会恐慌.所以,建立快速、准确的早期诊断方法显得尤为重要.目前的实验室诊断方法中,主要有基于病毒抗体检测的免疫荧光法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),以及基于基因检测的多聚酶链式反应(PCR)和基因芯片法.其中ELISA主要是使用病毒裂解抗原,检测病毒IgG及IgM抗体的间接ELISA.由于病毒裂解抗原的复杂性,以及间接ELISA中二抗带来的假阳性结果,间接ELISA试剂在正常人群中有1.5%～2%的阳性结果.     

Profiles of IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid and spike proteins of the SARS-associated coronavirus in SARS patients

To evaluate humoral immunity against the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), we studied the profiles of IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV. Serum specimens from 10 SARS patients were analyzed by Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified recombinant N and truncated S (S1, S2, and S3) proteins as antigens. Western blotting results demonstrated that 100% of the SARS patients tested positive for N protein-specific antibodies, 50% for S1 protein-specific antibodies, 30% for S2 protein-specific antibodies, and 70% for S3 protein-specific antibodies. The ELISA results, which showed positive rates of IgG reactivity against recombinant proteins N, S1, S2, and S3, were, respectively, 28.57, 14.29, 14.29, and 14.29% at week 1, 77.78, 55.56, 44.44, and 66.67% at week 2, 100, 75, 75, and 87.5% at week 3, and 100, 77.78, 77.78, and 88.89% after 3 weeks. The average titers of IgG against recombinant proteins N, S1, S2, and S3 were, respectively, 691, 56, 38, and 84 after 3 weeks. These results suggest that the recombinant proteins N and S3 are potentially useful antigens for a serological diagnosis of SARS. In consideration of possible cross-reactivity among N proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses, immunoassays using recombinant N protein in combination with S3 as antigens might improve the specificity of SARS diagnoses.     

检测人血清中SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体的ELISA方法建立及其应用

为了建立方便、敏感和特异的SARS病毒血清学诊断方法,利用PQE30表达系统在大肠杆菌M15中分段高效表达了SARS病毒N蛋白.通过金属鏊合亲和层析纯化了目的蛋白N-1和N-2,Western blot结果显示,两个表达蛋白均具有较好的抗原性.然后将N-1和N-2蛋白共同包被,建立了检测人血清中SARS病毒IgG抗体的间接ELISA法.用此方法检测120例临床诊断为SARS的病人和244个不同年龄组正常人血清IgG抗体,结果120例SARS病人的第一份血清IgG抗体总阳性率为60.0%,发病第0～7、8～10、11～14、15～27和28天后的血清中,SARS病毒IgG抗体阳性率分别为0、11.1%、60.0%、60.5%和70.3%;而244份正常人血清检测结果均为阴性,包括100份14岁以下儿童血清也未发现假阳性.结果表明,利用大肠杆菌表达的N蛋白完全能够替代全病毒灭活抗原,所建立的间接ELISA方法简单,价格低廉,能保证生物安全,对SARS可疑病例的确诊和排除具有重要的实际应用价值,可用于SARS高危人群的血清流行病学监测,SARS疫情的控制和预防,以及SARS病毒蛋白功能的研究.