广义时频分析方法在耳声发射研究中的应用 Ⅰ.仿真瞬态诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布

为了研究瞬态诱发耳声发射的时频分布,寻找其时频分布的最佳计算方法,首先筚计介绍了广时频分析方法,并描述了其中二次时频表示方法的特特点,然后用Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ分布及其改进型分布计算了仿真的瞬态诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布,通过对不同分布计算结果的比较,得出了锥形核分布最适合用于描述瞬态诱发耳声发射的时频分布。     

广义时频分析方法在耳声发射研究中的应用 Ⅰ.仿真瞬态诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布

为了研究瞬态诱发耳声发射的时频分布, 寻找其时频分布的最佳计算方法, 首先系统地介绍了广义时频分析方法,并描述了其中二次时频表示方法的特点,然后用Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ 分布及其改进型分布计算了仿真的瞬态诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布,通过对不同分布计算结果的比较,得出了锥形核分布最适合用于描述瞬态诱发耳声发射的时频分布。     

Study of population dynamic for a recombinant bacterium during continuous cultures: application of data filtering and smoothing

A numerical method to process experimental data concerning plasmid stability of a recombinant bacteria during continuous cultures with nonselective media is proposed here. This method differs from previous ones in that it uses the derivatve form of the state equation of the Imanaka-Aiba model for recombinant cultures. The methodology proposed here allows one to estimate values for the two model parameters without forcing them to be constant. Until now, this could not be done using classical analytical techniques because these parameters have been considered invariable because of the integration used in the evaluation of the model. These parameters are (1) the difference in the specific growth rates between plasmid-carrying cells and plasmid-free cells (deltamu), and (2) the probability of plasmid loss by plasmid-containing cells (rho(r) mu(+)). The derivative technique used here is completed by mathematical treatments involving data filtering and smoothing. The values of the two parameters are in agreement with those already publised. The current technique does not impose preconditions and permit us to further study related phenomena.     

Modelling simultaneous echo waveform reconstruction and localization in bats

Echolocating bats perceive the world through sound signals reflecting from the objects around them. In these signals, information is contained about reflector location and reflector identity. Bats are able to extract and separate the cues for location from those that carry identification information. We propose a model based on Wiener deconvolution that also performs this separation for a virtual system mimicking the echolocation system of the lesser spearnosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor. In particular, the model simultaneously reconstructs the reflected echo signal and localizes the reflector from which the echo originates. The proposed technique is based on a model that performs a similar task based on information from the frog’s lateral line system. We show that direct application of the frog model to the bat sonar system is not feasible. However, we suggest a technique that does apply to the bat biosonar and indicate its performance in the presence of noise.     

小波理论及其在医学信号处理中的应用

小波理论在最近几年发展极其迅速,它在不同领域中已取得了成功的应用．本文讨论小波和小波变换的性质,并借以小波理论是局部分析的有力工具,对一小段上医学信号的异常信息,可以很灵敏地通过小波系数反映出来．在医学信号处理中小波理论还能够被用作多功能滤波器．     

A rapid algorithm for processing digital physiologic signals: Application to skeletal muscle contractions

Quantifying mechanical output is fundamental to understanding metabolism that fuels muscle contraction and more recent attempts to understand signal transduction and gene regulation. The latter requires long-term application of exercise protocols that result in large amounts of data on muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to develop software for automated quantification of skeletal muscle contractions. An in situ mouse sciatic nerve stimulation model was used to produce contractions over a broad range of frequencies and recorded as both digital and analog signals using a PC analog to digital converter board and chart recorder, respectively. Spectral analysis of the noise components formed the basis for designing a smoothing Chebyshev filter. Algorithms implemented in custom software identified twitches and estimated baseline levels from the smoothed signal. The time to peak force, peak force, tension-time integral, and half-relaxation time were determined for each twitch after baseline correction. The automated results were compared to those obtained from manual measurements of the analog signal. Bland–Altman analysis of the parameters computed from digital signals compared with the corresponding measurements by manual planometry demonstrates the agreement of the digital processing algorithm with planometry over a wide range of twitch characteristics. This program may also be used to study the mechanics of other preparations from isolated muscles, human proximal limb performance, and other digital physiologic signals. Adaptation of the filter function is required to apply the analysis to another experimental apparatus with differing noise characteristics. A full version of the program and instructions for its use are available for download at www.rad.msu.edu.     

imzML--a common data format for the flexible exchange and processing of mass spectrometry imaging data

The application of mass spectrometry imaging (MS imaging) is rapidly growing with a constantly increasing number of different instrumental systems and software tools. The data format imzML was developed to allow the flexible and efficient exchange of MS imaging data between different instruments and data analysis software. imzML data is divided in two files which are linked by a universally unique identifier (UUID). Experimental details are stored in an XML file which is based on the HUPO-PSI format mzML. Information is provided in the form of a 'controlled vocabulary' (CV) in order to unequivocally describe the parameters and to avoid redundancy in nomenclature. Mass spectral data are stored in a binary file in order to allow efficient storage. imzML is supported by a growing number of software tools. Users will be no longer limited to proprietary software, but are able to use the processing software best suited for a specific question or application. MS imaging data from different instruments can be converted to imzML and displayed with identical parameters in one software package for easier comparison. All technical details necessary to implement imzML and additional background information is available at www.imzml.org.     

生物电阻抗特征参数测量数据采集系统的研究

为了实现生物电阻抗参数成像,我们建立了一个快速、精确的生物电阻抗特性参数测量的数据采集系统,采取多频率组合激励并扫基频的方法,在多个激励频率不同测量阻抗信息,同时采用了一种新的高精度解调方法;正交序列数字解调,并对阻抗模型参数的估算方法进行了改进。结果表明,系统可以在1．6kHz-380kHz的频带范围内以小于100Hz的跨度编程选择工作频率,最多时可同时在四种频率下测量阻抗信息,系统的噪声水平在－80dB左右。在每周期采样64点的情况下,解调算法可将信噪比提高5．6倍以上。     

磷脂脂肪酸分析中内标物的使用及数据处理建模

【目的】评估未知样品内标进样量的参考范围,优化数据处理方法。【方法】采用C19为内标,不同进样量进行分析;编写数据分析程序优化数据处理模型。【结果】随着内标进样量的增加,检测到的PLFA数量和响应值等指标均有增加,但进样量超过16 nmol/g时反而下降;25组数据显示采用响应值计算PLFA含量比百分比值计算所得含量略高;采用Dot Net C#语言编写数据分析模型。【结论】初步确定了未知样品内标进样量的参考范围,得出最优处理方法;采用响应值计算PLFA含量可避免由于百分比值缺失带来的误差;校准系数的引入可减少仪器参数条件改变等因素带来的误差;通过编写谱图数据分析程序获得一定自动化操作,提高了数据分析效率和准确性。     

谱分析在DNA序列分析中的应用

目的：谱分析是信号处理的常用方法,其中的统计相关分析、傅里叶变换、小波变换和数字滤波等手段已逐渐应用到DNA序列的分析中,这些应用包括DNA序列的周期性分析、基因识别和同源性分析等方面。本文对谱分析方法在DNA序列分析中的应用情况进行简单的综述。     

Optical Doppler tomography based on a field programmable gate array

We report the design of and results obtained by using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to digitally process optical Doppler tomography signals. The processor fits into the analog signal path in an existing optical coherence tomography setup. We demonstrate both Doppler frequency and envelope extraction using the Hilbert transform, all in a single FPGA. An FPGA implementation has certain advantages over general purpose digital signal processor (DSP) due to the fact that the processing elements operate in parallel as opposed to the DSP, which is primarily a sequential processor.     

Differential polypeptide display: the search for the elusive target

Proteomics, as a tool to identify proteins in biological samples, is gaining rapidly importance in the postgenomic era. Here we discuss the current and potential role of different techniques in the field of proteomics such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis off-line coupled to MALDI-MS (2D-PAGE-MALDI-MS), high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) and a newly developed technique, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS). The developments of the last years are presented discussed.     

数字乳房X片图像的预处理算法研究

介绍了一种数字乳房X片图像的预处理算法。利用时域处理和形态学处理相结合的方法,对数字乳房X片图像进行预处理,去除无用背景像素点,有效减少后期增强、分割处理的数据量。     

Characterisation of preYvaY export reveals differences in the substrate specificities of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli leader peptidases

Translocation, processing and secretion of YvaY, a Bacillus subtilis protein of unknown function, were characterised both in B. subtilis and in Escherichia coli. In its natural host B. subtilis, YvaY was transiently synthesised at the end of the exponential growth phase. It was efficiently secreted into the culture supernatant in spite of a calculated membrane spanning domain in the mature part of the protein. In E. coli, despite the high conservation of Sec-dependent transport components, processing of preYvaY was strongly impaired. To uncover which elements of E. coli and B. subtilis translocation systems are responsible for the observed substrate specificity, components of the B. subtilis Sec-system were co-expressed besides yvaY in E. coli. Expression of B. subtilis secA or secYEG genes did not affect processing, but expression of B. subtilis signal peptidase genes significantly enhanced processing of preYvaY in E. coli. While the major signal peptidases SipS or SipT had a strong stimulatory effect on preYvaY processing, the minor signal peptidases SipU, SipV or SipW had a far less stimulatory effect in E. coli. These results reveal that targeting and translocation of preYvaY is mediated by the E. coli Sec proteins but processing of preYvaY is not performed by E. coli signal peptidase LepB. Thus, differences in substrate specificities of E. coli LepB and the B. subtilis Sip proteins provide the bottleneck for export of YvaY in E. coli. Significant slower processing of preYvaY in absence of SecB indicated that SecB mediates targeting of the B. subtilis precursor.