Gas7在成年大鼠脊髓和脊神经节的表达

目的 研究生长休止蛋白7（Gas7）在成年大鼠脊髓和脊神经节的表达.方法 成年SD大鼠12只,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法、焦油紫染色以及免疫组织化学方法来观察Gas7基因核酸和蛋白在成年SD大鼠脊髓和脊神经节的表达.结果 RT-PCR结果显示,脊髓和脊神经节有较丰富的Gas7 mRNA表达.免疫组化结果显示：与焦油紫染色相对照,脊髓灰质各板层神经元均表达Gas7蛋白,与其它版层相比较,后角Ⅱ版层胶状质的小细胞和前角Ⅸ版层的运动神经元显色较深且数量较多.脊髓白质Gas7免疫阳性反应较弱且分布均匀.脊神经节内大型感觉神经元呈Gas7免疫强阳性反应,中、小型感觉神经元为弱阳性反应.结论 本文首次描述了Gas7在成年大鼠脊髓和脊神经节的表达,为进一步研究Gas7在成年神经系统再生和修复过程中的功能提供形态学基础.     

生长休止蛋白7在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中的动态表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白7(Gas7)在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的动态表达。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测Gas7mRNA在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的表达;免疫组织化学方法观察Gas7蛋白在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的表达和分布。结果 RT-PCR结果:Gas7mRNA在大鼠小脑皮质发育时期的表达呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,高峰出现在生后第21d(P21)。免疫组化实验结果:在胚胎第18.5d(E18.5)和E20.5仅Purkinje细胞层有Gas7免疫阳性产物分布;出生当天(P0)外颗粒层出现Gas7阳性神经纤维,Purkinje细胞层出现形态不规则的Gas7免疫阳性细胞;P7外颗粒层和Purkinje细胞层免疫反应增强,内颗粒层出现一些散在的Gas7强阳性细胞,胞体较小,突起清晰可见;P14小脑皮质4层均有Gas7阳性表达;P21小脑皮质3层Gas7免疫阳性反应较P14增强(P0.01);Adult(2月龄)较P21免疫反应减弱(P0.01)。结论 Gas7在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中的动态表达呈现出时空特异性,提示Gas7基因在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中可能起着重要的调控作用。     

慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质生长休止蛋白7表达影响的研究

目的探讨慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质神经元中生长休止蛋白7（Gas7）的表达变化及意义。方法36只大鼠随机分为两组：慢性复合应激组和正常对照组。复合应激组动物进行6w的垂直旋转、睡眠剥夺、捆绑（6h／d）和夜间光照等慢性复合性应激试验;实验结束后,所有动物采用免疫组织化学、Western-blot等方法检测大鼠海马Gas7蛋白表达的变化。结果与对照组相比,Gas7在大鼠大脑皮质表达明显增强（P〈0．05）。结论Gas7参与了慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质神经元生长发育的影响。     

Gas7在大鼠海马和齿状回发育过程中的动态表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白7（Gas7）在大鼠海马和齿状回不同发育阶段的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学方法观察Gas7在SD大鼠胚胎第18d（E18）、新生（P0）、生后第7d（P7）、P14、P21和成年海马和齿状回中的表达和分布。结果在大鼠脑海马和齿状回部位的冠状切片上,Gas7免疫反应阳性产物主要表达在海马的锥体细胞、齿状回的颗粒细胞和门区的多形层细胞。随着发育的进程,在海马,Gas7较早表达在CA3区,其次是CA2和CA1区;在齿状回,Gas7在外臂的表达早于内臂,在颗粒细胞层的表达是按先外层后内层的顺序。在围生期,Gas7在海马和齿状回各区的表达逐渐增强,至P14达到高峰,后逐渐降低,至P21其表达强度和分布趋于恒定至成年水平。结论 Gas7在大鼠海马和齿状回发育过程中的动态表达具有时间和空间上的特异性,提示Gas7可能参与了海马和齿状回形态形成和功能成熟的调控。     

大鼠肝脏水通道蛋白7的表达

目的研究水通道蛋白7(AQP7)在大鼠肝脏中的表达和分布。方法选用成年健康SD大鼠,采用免疫组织化学的方法对肝脏中AQP7蛋白的表达进行定位检测。结果AQP7阳性免疫反应产物集中位于大鼠肝脏毛细胆管面的肝细胞质膜上,肝细胞的基膜面和血窦面未见阳性免疫反应产物。结论AQP7在肝脏中的表达及其空间上的分布提示其可能参与胆汁的分泌。     

灵光注射液对失血性休克大鼠心脏和肝脏的影响

目的　观察灵光注射液 (复方樟柳碱 )对失血性休克再灌注大鼠心脏和肝脏损伤的影响。方法　将5 6只雄性大鼠随机分 4组 ,分别设为假休克组 (8只 )、模型组 (16只 )、灵光注射液低剂量组 (16只 )和高剂量组 (16只 ) ,除假休克组外 ,大鼠均经历 4kPa ,70min的失血性休克 ,在休克复苏后 6h和 12h各组分别处死半数动物 ,检测血清CK、CK MB、LDH、ALT、AST ,心脏和肝脏做组织学和超微结构检查。结果与结论　灵光注射液对大鼠失血性休克再灌注引起的心脏和肝脏功能和形态损伤均有明显的治疗作用 ,其机制可能与改善微循环、清除氧自由基和保护生物膜作用有关。     

Gas7在大鼠梨状皮质发育过程中的表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白(Growth arrest-specific protein 7,Gas7)在大鼠梨状皮质发育过程中的表达。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学方法检测Gas7核酸与蛋白在SD大鼠胚胎第18.5天(E18.5)、E20.5、出生当天(P0)、生后第7天(P7)、P14、P21和成年(Adult)各时期梨状皮质中的表达。结果 RT-PCR结果显示Gas7核酸在大鼠梨状皮质各发育时期均有表达,在P14时表达最强;免疫组织化学方法显示梨状皮质在E18.5时即出现Gas7免疫阳性产物,至P7时出现清晰的Gas7免疫阳性细胞,至P14时细胞数达到峰值,免疫阳性反应最强,P21细胞数少于P14(P0.05),Adult细胞数少于P21(P0.05)。结论 Gas7在梨状皮质的表达具有时间上的差异性,提示Gas7可能在梨状皮质结构形成和功能成熟方面起着重要的调控作用。     

高果糖引起的脂肪肝大鼠肾脏脂质合成相关基因和蛋白的表达

大量研究表明,高果糖可引起脂肪肝,但对肾脏脂质代谢的影响尚不清楚。该实验研究给予10％果糖水5周后诱导的脂肪肝大鼠肾脏的脂质代谢情况,并探讨其可能机制。将16只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组（con）和果糖组（fru）,果糖组给予10％（W／V）果糖水,第5N末称体重、取血、处死,检测血浆GLU、TG、TC和INSULIN含量。取肾脏、肝脏和白色脂肪称重,采用形态学方法观察肝脏和肾脏脂质沉积情况,酶法测其TG、TC含量,以Real time—PCR检测肾脏、肝脏中脂质合成和脂质氧化相关基因水平,以Westemblot检测肾、肝细胞核脂质合成转录因子的蛋白表达。结果显示,果糖组大鼠血浆TG、INSULIN明显升高,并出现肥胖体征,肝脏脂质沉积严重,其调控脂质合成的两个关键的转录因子ChREBP和SREBPlcmRNA和核蛋白表达都明显升高,并且它们靶向的脂质合成相关酶FAS、ACCl、SCDlmRNA表达也显著增加。但是,在肾脏中,高果糖没有引起TG含量的变化,调控脂质重新合成的基因和蛋白的表达也未发生变化。因此,与果糖致脂肪肝不同,高果糖饮食并没有造成肾脏的脂质沉积和脂质合成相关基因、蛋白的变化。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-7′在大鼠胚胎植入过程中的差异表达与调节

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-7(IGFBP-7)已经证实在人的妊娠过程中起了重要作用,但在大鼠中尚未见报道.在过去的研究中曾利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)方法分析了植入前和植入期的基因表达谱,发现IGFBP-7存在差异表达.通过RNA印迹和原位杂交,分析了IGFBP-7部分序列(编码区531～928nt,称作IGFBP-7′)在大鼠妊娠早期子宫中的时空表达模式.用RT-PCR方法检测了其在不同组织器官及假孕、人工诱导蜕膜化和延迟着床激活大鼠子宫中的表达模式.结果显示:在大鼠妊娠第5天IGFBP-7′mRNA的表达量开始增加,第5.5和6天表达量显著高于植入前期.IGFBP-7′mRNA主要表达于子宫腔上皮和腺上皮.IGFBP-7′mRNA表达无组织特异性,在大鼠的下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、子宫、心、肝、脾、肺、肾等器官均有表达,在假孕的D1～D6大鼠子宫中均有表达,但无显著性差异,诱导蜕膜化后IGFBP-7′mRNA的表达量也无明显变化,但在延迟着床激活的大鼠子宫中表达显著增加.这些结果提示,在植入期IGFBP-7′的表达增加主要是由胚泡引起的,而非蜕膜化.在大鼠妊娠早期,IGFBP-7′的表达增加可能有利于胚胎植入的发生.     

BMP-7在抑制肾脏纤维化中的作用

肾脏纤维化过程十分复杂,受到多种因素的作用,但总体上可以归结为两方面,一方面是促进纤维化的因素,为正调节因素;另一方面是抗纤维化的因素,为负调节因素。近年来,发现了一些肾脏纤维化的内源性负调节因素,比较公认的有肝细胞生长因子、骨形态发生蛋白、核心蛋白聚糖和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体等。该文介绍骨形态发生蛋白-7（BMP-7）在抑制肾脏纤维化方面的研究进展。     

ATP and ADP hydrolysis in the kidney and liver of fish, chickens and rats

We investigated NTPDase-like activity [ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases)] in liver and kidney membrane from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), chicken (Gallus gallus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) under different conditions and in the presence of several inhibitors. The cation concentration required for maximal activity was 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 mM for fish, chicken and rat liver, respectively (with ATP and ADP as substrates). The maximal activity in the kidney was observed at calcium concentrations of 0.5, 2.0, 1.5 mM (ATP) and 0.5, 1.5, 1.0 (ADP) for fish, chickens and rats, respectively. The results showed that the pH optimum for all animals and for the two tissues was close to 8.0. The temperature chosen was 25 °C for fish and 36 °C for chicken and rat preparations. Ouabain had no effect on the NTPDase-like activity of fish, chickens or rats. NTPDase activity was decreased in the presence of lanthanum in the chicken (ADP) and rat (ATP and ADP) liver. In the kidney, lanthanum inhibited fish ATP and rat ATP and ADP (0.2 mM) hydrolysis. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) had an inhibitory effect on the kidney of all species at the concentration of 3.0 mM (ADP). Orthovanadate only inhibited fish membrane NTPDase; azide only inhibited the preparation at high concentrations (10 mM) and fluoride inhibited it at 10 mM (fish and chicken) and 5 mM (rat). Trifluoperazine (0.05–0.2 mM) and suramin (0.03–0.3 mM) inhibited NTPDase at all concentrations tested. These results suggest that NTPDase-like activity shows a different behavior among the vertebrate species and tissues studied. Additionally, we propose that NTPDase1 is the main enzyme present in this preparation.     

Expression of metallothionein in the liver and kidney of rats is influenced by excess dietary histidine

It is well known that excess dietary histidine induces the metabolic changes in copper and zinc. Therefore, this study was carried out to clarify whether excess dietary histidine alters the gene expressions of metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 in the liver and kidney. Male rats were fed the control (ad libitum and pair-fed) or histidine-excess (50 g of L-histidine per kg of diet) diet for 0, 1 and 3 days. The levels of liver metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 mRNA were markedly lower in the rats fed the histidine-excess diet as compared to those of the control (ad libitum and pair-fed) diet, when fed for 1 or 3 days. The levels of renal metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 mRNA in the rats fed the histidine-excess diet were higher or tended to be higher as compared with the rats fed the control (ad libitum and pair-fed) diet when fed for 1 or 3 days, respectively. At the same time, hepatic copper content was decreased and renal zinc content was increased by dietary histidine. It thus appears, that such a response on the level of liver metallothionein mRNA might be related to the contents of liver copper, but of kidney metallothionein mRNA might be due to the content of zinc.     

A comparative study of the subcellular distribution of native and deglycosylated gelonin in rat liver and kidney

Intravenous injection of gelonin and deglycosylated gelonin led to rapid clearance from the blood. Both molecules distributed similarly in liver and kidney suggesting that they followed the same pathway. Deglycosylation reduced the uptake by a third in liver, but did not affect uptake by kidney. Studies with Triton WR1339 showed a classical lysosomal pathway for both molecules. The deglycosylated molecule was degraded to a greater extent than native gelonin as seen by the presence of acid soluble radioactivity. Cell separation showed that while endothelial cells mainly took up native gelonin, Kupffer cells took up the deglycosylated molecule.     

Low-carbohydrate diet and oxidative stress in diabetic and nondiabetic rats

Hyperglycemia of diabetes has been implicated in increased tissue oxidative stress, with consequent development of secondary complications. Thus, stabilizing glucose levels near normal levels is of utmost importance. Because diet influences glycemic control, this study investigated whether a low-carbohydrate (5.5%) diet confers beneficial effects on the oxidative status of the heart, kidney, and liver in diabetes. Male and female normal and diabetic rats were fed standard chow (63% carbohydrates) or low-carbohydrate diet for 30 days. Elevated glucose, HbA(1c), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in diabetic animals were reduced or normalized by the low-carbohydrate diet. While diabetes increased cardiac activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, low-carbohydrate diet normalized cardiac glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic animals, and reduced catalase activity in females. Diabetic rats fed low-carbohydrate diet had altered activities of renal glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, but increased renal glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic animals was not corrected by the test diet. In the liver, diabetes was associated with a decrease in catalase activity and glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities. Decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation were noted in diet-treated diabetic rats. Overall, the low-carbohydrate diet helped stabilize hyperglycemia and did not produce overtly negative effects in tissues of normal or diabetic rats.     

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in rat liver and kidney

Melatonin (MEL) displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, the effect of MEL on the oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A (OTA) administration in rats was investigated. Four groups of 15 rats each were used: controls, MEL-treated rats (5 mg/kg body mass), OTA-treated rats (250 μg/kg) and MEL+OTA-treated rats. After 4 weeks of treatment, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product (LPO) were measured in serum and homogenates of liver and kidney. Also, the levels of glutathione (GSH), and activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and kidney were determined. In OTA-treated rats, the levels of LPO in serum and in both liver and kidney were significantly increased compared to levels in controls. Concomitantly, the levels of GSH and enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GSPx and GR in both liver and kidney were significantly decreased in comparison with controls. In rats received MEL+OTA, the changes in the levels of LPO in serum and in liver and kidney were not statistically significant compared to controls. Concomitantly, the levels of GSPx, GR and GST activities in both liver and kidney tissues were significantly increased in comparison with controls. Similar increases in GSPx, GR and GST activities were also observed in MEL-treated rats when compared with controls. In conclusion, the oxidative stress may be a major mechanism for the toxicity of OTA. MEL has a protective effect against OTA toxicity through an inhibition of the oxidative damage and stimulation of GST activities. Thus, clinical application of melatonin as therapy should be considered in cases of ochratoxicosis.     

Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in rat liver and kidney

Cell and Tissue Research - The renin substrate, angiotensinogen, was localized by immunocytochemistry in liver and kidney of normal rats by the use of an antiserum directed against pure rat...     

The para isomer of dinitrobenzene disrupts redox homeostasis in liver and kidney of male wistar rats

BackgroundPara-Dinitrobenzene (p-DNB) is one of the isomers of dinitrobenzene which have been detected as environmental toxicants. Skin irritation and organ toxicities are likely for industrial workers exposed to p-DNB. This study evaluated the effect of sub-chronic exposure of rats to p-DNB on cellular redox balance, hepatic and renal integrity.MethodsForty eight male Wistar rats weighing 160–180 g were administered 50, 75, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.wt (body weight) of p-DNB or an equivalent volume of vehicle (control) orally and topically for 14 days. After the period of treatment, the activities of kidney and liver catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as extent of renal and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined. Serum ALP activity and plasma urea concentration were also evaluated.ResultsCompared with control animals, p-DNB -administered rats showed decrease in the body and relative kidney and liver weights as well as increased renal and hepatic hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels accompanied by decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. However, p-DNB caused a significant increase in plasma urea concentration and serum, liver and kidney ALP activities relative to control. In addition, p-DNB caused periportal infiltration, severe macro vesicular steatosis and hepatic necrosis in the liver.ConclusionsOur findings show that sub-chronic oral and sub-dermal administration of p-DNB may produce hepato-nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress.     

Distribution of anticancer antibiotic daunomycin in the rat heart and kidney revealed by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies

Two monoclonal antibodies (ADM-1-11 and 79-31 mAbs) were raised against daunomycin (DM) conjugated to bovine serum albumin via the cross-linker N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically detected DM as well as its analogs doxorubicin and epirubicin, but did not react with other anticancer antibiotics, including pepleomycin, mitomycin C, and actinomycin D. The mAbs reacted strongly with glutaraldehyde-conjugated DM in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used as a model system for immunocytochemistry as well as in appropriately pretreated sections of tissues from animals injected with DM. No staining occurred in tissues from uninjected animals. In order to perform DM ICC a number of tissue treatment conditions critical to the detection of low molecular weight substances were employed. Uptake of DM was studied in rats after a single i.v. or i.p. administration of the drug. In the heart, accumulation of DM occurred in nuclei and in the cytoplasm. In the kidney, DM immunoreactivity accumulated in all segments of the nephron except for the proximal tubules. Since the proximal tubules are known to be where a variety of transport systems including P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in drug interactions occur, the absence of DM accumulation in these segments may reflect a transport phenomenon depending upon such transporters. The availability of methods to study sites of accumulation of DM offers possibilities for understanding toxic side effects of this drug on the heart and kidney. Moreover, the immunocytochemical methodology developed may prove useful for the localization of other low molecular weight drugs that can be fixed in situ by glutaraldehyde.