共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Objective
To compare the risk, circumstances, consequences and causes of prospectively recorded falls between people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls of similar age and gender.Methods
58 PwMS and 58 healthy controls, who are community-dwelling, were recruited in this 6-month prospective cohort study. 90% of PwMS and 84% of healthy controls completed the study. Participants counted falls prospectively using fall calendars and noted fall location, fall-related injuries, and the cause of the falls. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare the distributions of survival without falling between PwMS and healthy controls.Results
40.8% of controls and 71.2% of PwMS fell at least once. 48.1% of PwMS and 18.4% of healthy controls fell at least twice. 42.3% of PwMS and 20.4% of health controls sustained a fall-related injury. After adjusting for age and gender, the time to first fall (HR: 1.87, p = 0.033) and the time to recurrent falls (HR: 2.87, p = 0.0082) were significantly different between PwMS and healthy controls. PwMS reported an almost equal number of falls inside and outside, 86% of the falls in healthy controls were outside. Healthy controls were more likely to fall due to slipping on a slippery surface (39.5% vs 10.4%). PwMS more often attributed falls to distraction (31% vs 7%) and uniquely attributed falls to fatigue or heat.Conclusions
Fall risk, circumstances, consequences, and causes are different for PwMS than for healthy people of the same age and gender. PwMS fall more, are more likely to be injured by a fall, and often fall indoors. PwMS, but not healthy controls, frequently fall because they are distracted, fatigued or hot. 相似文献7.
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For prophylaxis influenza in the infection foci under stationary conditions 213 children were treated with leucocytic interferon with metacyl and 192 children were observed as the control group. The drug was administered intranasally in a dose of 0.25 ml once a day. The observations showed that among the children treated prophylactically with interferon and metacyl the number of influenza cases decreased 2.17 times a compared to the control group. In contact children who were taken ill with influenza the severety of the infection and the number of complications decreased. Under the stationary conditions in the children treated with interferon and metacyl the numbers of the wave-like infection and complications decreased 2.5 and 2.9 times respectively as compared to the children not treated with the drugs. Addition of metacyl to leucocytal interferon provided its administration once a day instead of 3-4 times a day. 相似文献
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Male rats castrated at 30 days of age were treated with estradiol benzoate (dose range: 0.05–50 μg EB for 26 days) and dihydrotestosterone (1 mg DHT for 36 days) as adults. The combined EB and DHT treatments resulted in display of male sexual behavior which did not differ from the behavior shown by intact untreated males or castrated, testosterone propionate (1 mg TP for 26 days) treated males. EB alone or DHT alone were relatively ineffective in activating male behavior in castrated males. 相似文献
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The Globaltest is a powerful test for the global null hypothesis that there is no association between a group of features and a response of interest, which is popular in pathway testing in metabolomics. Evaluating multiple feature sets, however, requires multiple testing correction. In this paper, we propose a multiple testing method, based on closed testing, specifically designed for the Globaltest. The proposed method controls the familywise error rate simultaneously over all possible feature sets, and therefore allows post hoc inference, that is, the researcher may choose feature sets of interest after seeing the data without jeopardizing error control. To circumvent the exponential computation time of closed testing, we derive a novel shortcut that allows exact closed testing to be performed on the scale of metabolomics data. An R package ctgt is available on comprehensive R archive network for the implementation of the shortcut procedure, with applications on several real metabolomics data examples. 相似文献
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Landin HH Segerbäck D Damberg C Osterman-Golkar S 《Chemico-biological interactions》1999,117(1):49-64
Epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane; ECH) is an important industrial chemical and a carcinogen in experimental animals. The main aims of the present study were to characterize the adduct formation in female Wistar rats and to identify adducts that could potentially be used in human biomonitoring studies. The total binding of radioactivity to haemoglobin in rats administered 0, 0. 11, 0.22, 0.43, or 0.97 mmol [3H]ECH/kg body weight by i.p. injection, and sacrificed 24 h after treatment, was linearly related to a dose up to 0.43 mmol/kg body weight. The binding at the highest dose was higher than predicted by extrapolation from lower doses, indicating saturation of a metabolic process for elimination of ECH. Ion-exchange chromatography of a globin hydrolysate showed one major radioactivity peak corresponding to S-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine. The half-life of this adduct was estimated as about 4 days by analysis of globin from rats administered 0.43 mmol/kg body weight and sacrificed after 1, 2 and 9 days. Crosslinking of the adduct, presumably with glutathione, appeared to be the predominant secondary reaction. Hydrolysis of N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)valine, the primary reaction product of ECH with N-terminal valine, would give N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine. A sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the dihydroxypropyl adduct was used to follow its formation and removal after administration of nonlabelled ECH (0.11 mmol/kg body weight). The level of this adduct reached a maximum of about 20 pmol/g globin after a few weeks, corresponding to about 0.1% of the initial binding of ECH to globin. N-7-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)guanine was detected in rats administered 0.97 mmol [3H]ECH/kg body weight and sacrificed 6 h after treatment. The adduct levels in haemoglobin and DNA were compared with previously reported adduct levels in male Fischer 344 rats exposed to propylene oxide. Despite its higher chemical reactivity, the capacity of ECH to alkylate macromolecules in vivo was found to be somewhat lower than that of propylene oxide. 相似文献
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The in vitro production of alpha- and gamma-interferon (IF) by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the concentration of serum IF in 50 patients having hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), as well as the possibility of the formation of spontaneous IF by PBL and the influence of the patient blood plasma on alpha-IF genesis, was studied. The development of HFRS was accompanied by a rise in the level of serum IF with different speed, depending on the severity of the disease with simultaneous suppression of the lymphocytes capacity for alpha- and especially gamma-IF production. In cases of moderate and severe forms of the disease no restoration of the IF system occurred by the moment of discharge from the hospital. In a few patients spontaneous IF in low titers was determined. In cases of the moderate form of the disease in the oligoanuretic period and the severe form of the disease in the oligoanuretic and polyuretic periods the patients' blood plasma essentially suppressed the production of alpha-IF by PBL. 相似文献
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Novak-Laus K Mandić Z Iveković R Korsić J Tedeschi-Reiner E Masnec-Paskvalin S Bojić L 《Collegium antropologicum》2005,29(Z1):17-20
The patients with uveitic glaucoma are at high risk for failure following drainage surgery because of young age of these patients, preoperative long-term control of inflammation and postoperative complications. Twenty-two trabeculectomies performed in 22 patients with uveitic glaucoma were retrospectively evaluated to analyze the effect of intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC). Success rates, postoperative levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative complications were studied. After a mean follow-up of 10.6 months (range, 5-28 months), 15 patients (68.2%) achieved IOP of 21mmHg or less without antiglaucoma medications. There were statistically significant reduction in IOP postoperatively during the period studied (p < 0.001). Early postoperative complications included chorioidal detachment (9.1%), shallow anterior chamber (9.1%), hyphema (13.6%), macular edema (4.5%) and raised IOP (27.3%). Late postoperative complications included exacerbation of uveitis (4.5%), macular edema (4.5%), cataract (22.7%) and raised IOP (31.8%). The eyes with raised IOP needed additional antiglaucoma medication. The results of this retrospective and uncontrolled study suggest that intraoperative application of MMC may be a good option for enhancement of short-term trabeculectomy success rates in patients with uveitic glaucoma. 相似文献