柑橘大实蝇成虫超微感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax成虫触角、下颚须、平衡棒、前足跗节和产卵器的感器。共发现5种感受器,包括毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器,其中,柑橘大实蝇的触角分布有毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,下颚须有微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器分布,平衡棒分布有微毛感受器和刺形感受器,足跗节有毛形感受器和刺形感受器分布。产卵管针突缩入产卵器基节中,其上有毛形感受器和腔锥形感受器分布,产卵管基节有较多毛形感受器。     

Taenia hydatigena—V. Surface structure of the adult worm and evaginated scolex

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surface of the adult tapeworm and the freshly evaginated scolex from the cysticercus indicated that in Taenia hydatigena there was a variety of microthrix form. This variety was found between different areas on the same specimen and between the adult and freshly evaginated scolex. In the latter there was a noticeable absence of pointed spikes from most areas. Artifacts attributable to techniques of preparation are also discussed.     

Immunospecific labeling of mouse lymphocytes in the scanning electron microscope

Bone marrow-derived (B) and thymus-derived (T) Balb/c mouse lymphocytes were identified in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the immunospecific attachment of one of several kinds of large-molecular-weight markers distinguishable in SEM. These markers (tobacco mosaic virus, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, bushy stunt virus, and bacteriophage T4) could be modified with hapten groups and linked with anti-hapten antibody, in an indirect (sandwich) scheme, to hapten-modified anti-cell-surface antibody bound to the cell surface. Hapten-modified antibodies to B cell antigens (goat anti-mouse-immunoglobulin) or to T cell antigens (rabbit anti-mouse brain) were employed to identify these two lymphoid cell types in unfractionated spleen, mesenteric lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus cell populations. The topography of B cells was always indistinguishable from that of T cells. No surface features were found to be unique to either cell type. In suspension, the majority of B and T cells had one or no microvilli regardless of the tissue source of the labeled cells. Cells in suspension that had microvilli (usually 10% of the total cell population) were always unlabeled. However, after cell contact with a glass surface, approximately half of both the B and T cell populations had a villous topography.     

伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌形态学影响研究

目的观察皮肤癣菌在伊曲康唑作用下的形态学变化。方法应用美国CLSI制订的标准M38-A方案进行伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌的体外药敏试验,测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,将伊曲康唑作用前后的皮肤癣菌分别制成标本,在光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察形态学变化。结果伊曲康唑作用于皮肤癣菌后,在光学显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗,顶端和局部出现膨大;扫描电子显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗、干瘪,顶端和局部出现膨大,有不规则分支,表面粗糙,有大小不等的凹陷;透射电子显微镜下菌丝变得皱缩,有凹陷,双层细胞壁结构消失或不完整,细胞膜不连续,皱缩细胞膜和细胞壁之间及胞浆内出现许多小的高电子密度颗粒,细胞器也变得不清晰。结论伊曲康唑使皮肤癣菌的形态发生明显变化。     

Stereological investigation on the increase in surface area due to the microtriches of the hydatid cyst in different organs and in different hosts

Bortoletti G. and Diaz G. 1978. Stereological investigation on the increase in surface area due to the microtriches of the hydatid cyst in different organs and in different hosts. International Journal for Parasitology8: 433–436. The increase in surface area of the germinal membrane due to the microtriches has been morphometrically investigated in Echinococcus granulosus cysts developed in three different intermediate hosts. The results, achieved by Stereological methods, indicate that the development of the microtriches: (a) is more or less homogeneous all over the germinal membrane of the cysts; (b) is greater in human than in pig and sheep cysts; (c) is also greater in lung than in liver cysts within the same host and it is not related to the fertility or sterility of the parasite.     

原生质体扫描电镜观察研究方法的改进及其效果初报

本文介绍了一种原生质体扫描电镜观察研究方法。比较了三种不同配方的固定剂,结果证明;用添加甘露醇作渗透压稳定剂和用原生质体培养液作稀释剂配制的固定剂效果良好。用常规电镜固定剂则会造成原生质体变形、破裂。设计了室温下的快速脱水方案,取得较满意结果。观察到原生质体表面有许多大小约100—200毫微米的微孔结构。     

宠物与肝包虫病

棘球绦虫寄生于犬科动物的小肠内,其幼虫棘球蚴寄生在动物和人的肝脏,该病严重危害人类和动物健康,对公共卫生造成了严重威胁。本文对包虫病的类型、危害、流行情况以及防治进行综述,希望有助于社会对该病正确的认识、深入的研究和对疾病的防治工作。     

香茶菜属3种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对香茶菜(Isodon amethystoides)、大萼香茶菜(I. macrocalyx)、显脉香茶菜(I. nervosa)8个居群的花粉进行了形态观察.结果表明,不同居群的香茶菜的花粉在形态上具有一定共同特性 ,但在外壁纹饰、大小、穴的形状上存在差异.香茶菜属不同种在花粉形态、大小、外壁纹饰、穴分布情况存在较明显的差异.这些花粉表面微观形态的差异可为品种鉴定提供依据.     

Sauertylenchus labiodiscus n. gen., n. sp., from Australia (Nematoda:Tylenchorhynchinae)

Sauertylenchus labiodiscus n. gem, n. sp. is described and illustrated from soil around Rhagodia sp. in Australia. It can be distinguished from the most closely related genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 by the distinctly set-off, rounded, lip region with a conspicuous labial disc, and long thin stylet. The face view and spicules of Sauertylenchus labiodiscus are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. The subfamilies Tylenchorhynchinae and Merlininae ale discussed.     

斜纹夜蛾卵壳和体壁胚胎发育超微结构的研究

本利用扫描电子显微镜研究斟纹夜蛾卵壳表面结构和形状,首次利用透射电子显微镜研究了斟纹夜蛾卵产后发育33、48、57、63、71、84h和87h后的幼虫体壁的形成过程。     

美国白蛾幼虫消化道形态和超微结构观察

美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea Drury是我国重要的林业检疫性害虫之一,世界范围内寄主多达600余种,对我国林业生产和生态环境建设造成了巨大损失。明确美国白蛾幼虫消化道各部分的形态结构,可为进一步研究其幼虫的食性及消化机能奠定基础。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜观察了美国白蛾6龄幼虫消化道形态及超微结构。美国白蛾幼虫的消化道由前肠、中肠、后肠组成。前肠是消化道最长的部分,占整个消化道的54.27%,包括咽、食道、嗉囊、前胃四部分;中肠较短,占整个消化道的21.28%,内部具围食膜;后肠由幽门、回肠、结肠和直肠组成,幽门由幽门锥和幽门瓣组成。马氏管共6条,丝腺2条。美国白蛾幼虫消化道总体结构大部分鳞翅目消化道结构相似,但是其前肠在长度上发生了较大的变异,本文进一步讨论了美国白蛾幼虫消化道结构与其食性及耐饥饿能力等的相关性。     

葫芦科8属11种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜,对葫芦科8属10种1变种植物的花粉形态进行观察研究。结果显示:冬瓜属、葫芦属和栝楼属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔沟;苦瓜属、西瓜属和丝瓜属的花粉粒为长球形,具3沟;黄瓜属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔;南瓜属的花粉粒为球形,具散孔。花粉粒大小、形状和外壁雕纹属、种间差异显著。     

蘑菇属九个种担孢子的电镜观察

蘑菇属 (Agaricus L.)的分类中 ,担孢子形态和大小是区分种的一个重要指标。虽然现在世界许多研究所都在运用分子生物学技术和相互亲和性来重新评价该属的分类 ,但担孢子的大小仍然是种划分的重要指标。介绍了一种新的供扫描电镜观察担孢子的简易的样品制作技术 ,并对野蘑菇 (A.arvensis) ,大紫蘑菇 (A.augustus) ,双孢蘑菇 (A.bisporus) ,A.essettei,短柄蘑菇 (A.maleolens) ,白杵蘑菇 (A.nivescens) ,双环林地蘑菇(A.placomyces) ,亚绒毛蘑菇 (A.subf loccosus)和白林蘑菇 (A.sylvicola)共 9个种的担孢子进行观察测量 ,发现 :(1 )用扫描电镜测量的结果与用光镜测量的结果具有较一致的线性相关关系 (R2 =0 .985 7) ;(2 )在种间或者种内菌株间的孢子形态和大小存在着较大的差异 ,可以作为分类的一个重要指标 ;(3 )在精确的孢子测量方面扫描电镜是一种快速、方便的方法。     

华鲮受精早期的电镜观察

采用扫描和透射电镜观察了华鲮(Sinilabeo rendahli)成熟卵子、精子的形态特征和精子入卵的过程。结果显示:华鲮成熟卵子直径1.2 mm左右,仅有一个受精孔,卵膜表面有大量的不规则褶皱,精孔器表面平整;成熟精子全长约30μm,头部圆形无顶体;授精1 s精子大量附着于精孔器周围,仅有一个精子进入卵中,授精30~60 s受精孔内形成“受精栓”,精子开始溶解,卵膜逐渐隆起,褶皱消失。     

Scanning electron microscopy on Parascaris equorum (Goeze, 1782), Yorke and Maplestone, 1926

Research on Ascaridinae from African zebra and zebra living in Vincennes zoological garden (Paris) and those from horses confirmed that they all belong to the same parasite, Parascaris equorum (Goeze, 1782), Yorke &; Maplestone, 1926. Study by scanning electron microscopy permitted greater precision in investigation of various formations: denticules along the peribuccal groove, sinuses separating eulabium from prelabium, intrabuccal sockets.